The Biological Bases of Behavior Chapter 3 Biological Bases of Behavior Students will explore the structure and function of the nervous system in human.

The Biological Bases of The Biological Bases of BehaviorBehavior

Chapter 3Chapter 3

Biological Bases of Behavior Biological Bases of Behavior Students will explore the structure and function of the nervous system in human and non-human animals Students will explore the structure and function of the nervous system in human and non-human animals and describe the interaction between biological factors and experience. Students will also describe and and describe the interaction between biological factors and experience. Students will also describe and

discuss methods and issues related to biological advances. discuss methods and issues related to biological advances.

Nervous Tissue: The Basic Nervous Tissue: The Basic HardwareHardware

NEURONSNEURONS receivereceive information information

@ dendrites@ dendrites transmittransmit

informationinformationalong axonalong axon

integrateintegrate informationinformationthrough synapsethrough synapse

GLIAGLIA support neuronssupport neurons

nourishnourish remove waste remove waste

productsproducts provide insulationprovide insulation

account for 50% of account for 50% of brain’s volumebrain’s volume

P.11 Identify the parts of the P.11 Identify the parts of the neuron and describe the basic neuron and describe the basic process of neural transmission process of neural transmission

Neuron DiagramNeuron Diagram

P.11 Identify the parts of the neuron and describe the P.11 Identify the parts of the neuron and describe the basic process of neural transmission basic process of neural transmission

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cUGuWh2UeMk

Neuron PartsNeuron Parts SomaSoma

Cell bodyCell body Contains nucleusContains nucleus

Myelin SheathMyelin Sheath Provides insulationProvides insulation Speeds up Speeds up

transmission of transmission of informationinformation

Terminal ButtonsTerminal Buttons Found at the ends of axonsFound at the ends of axons Secrete neurotransmittersSecrete neurotransmitters

P.11 Identify the parts of the neuron and describe the basic P.11 Identify the parts of the neuron and describe the basic process of neural transmission process of neural transmission

Neurotransmitters and Neurotransmitters and BehaviorBehavior

AcetylcholineAcetylcholine muscle movementmuscle movement contributes to attention, contributes to attention,

arousal and memoryarousal and memory

MonoaminesMonoamines Dopamine, norepinephrine, Dopamine, norepinephrine,

serotoninserotonin control voluntary movementscontrol voluntary movements abnormal levels contribute to abnormal levels contribute to

psychological disorderspsychological disorders

GABAGABA responsible for inhibition in responsible for inhibition in

central nervous systemcentral nervous system regulates anxiety and regulates anxiety and

modulates sleepmodulates sleep

EndorphinsEndorphins contributes to modulation contributes to modulation

of painof pain

P.16 Describe how hormones affect behavior and mental processes. P.16 Describe how hormones affect behavior and mental processes.

The Nervous SystemsThe Nervous Systems

PERIPHERAL

Autonomic Somatic

Parasympathetic Sympathetic

Brain

CENTRAL

Spinal Cord

The Peripheral Nervous The Peripheral Nervous SystemSystem

Somatic Nervous Somatic Nervous SystemSystem

responsible for responsible for voluntary movementvoluntary movement

carry information in carry information in skin, muscles, joints to skin, muscles, joints to CNS and from CNS to CNS and from CNS to musclesmuscles

Autonomic Autonomic Nervous SystemNervous System

controls automatic, controls automatic, involuntary functionsinvoluntary functions

mediates physiological mediates physiological arousal (emotions)arousal (emotions)

Fight-or- flight Fight-or- flight responseresponse

P.10 Identify the major divisions P.10 Identify the major divisions and subdivisions of the human and subdivisions of the human

nervous system nervous system

Autonomic Nervous SystemAutonomic Nervous System

SympatheticSympathetic

Fight-or-Flight Fight-or-Flight responseresponse mobilizes body’s mobilizes body’s

resources for resources for emergenciesemergencies

Slows digestion, drains Slows digestion, drains blood from peripheryblood from periphery

releases hormones releases hormones (adrenaline)(adrenaline)

ParasympatheticParasympathetic

Rest and RenewRest and Renew restores bodily restores bodily

resourcesresources slow HR, reduce BPslow HR, reduce BP

allows the body to save allows the body to save and store energyand store energy

P.10 Identify the major divisions P.10 Identify the major divisions and subdivisions of the human and subdivisions of the human

nervous system nervous system

Central Nervous SystemCentral Nervous System

Brain and spinal cordBrain and spinal cord lies within the skull and spinal columnlies within the skull and spinal column

Protected by cerebrospinal fluidProtected by cerebrospinal fluid

P.12 Differentiate between the structures and functions of the various parts of the central nervous system. P.12 Differentiate between the structures and functions of the various parts of the central nervous system.

The Spinal CordThe Spinal Cord

connects brain to connects brain to bodybody

carries brain’s carries brain’s commands to PNScommands to PNS

relays sensations relays sensations transmits signals transmits signals

from brain to motor from brain to motor neurons (ACh) to neurons (ACh) to move body’s musclesmove body’s muscles

P.12 Differentiate between the structures and functions of the various P.12 Differentiate between the structures and functions of the various parts of the central nervous system. parts of the central nervous system.

PERIPHERAL

The BrainThe Brain

P.12 Differentiate between the structures and functions of the various parts of the central nervous system. P.12 Differentiate between the structures and functions of the various parts of the central nervous system.

The HindbrainThe Hindbrain

MedullaMedulla attached to spinal attached to spinal

cordcord controls controls vitalvital

unconscious unconscious functionsfunctions circulating blood, circulating blood,

breathingbreathing

PonsPons clusters of cell clusters of cell

bodies controlling bodies controlling sleep and arousalsleep and arousal

bridge of fibers bridge of fibers connecting connecting brainstem to brainstem to cerebellumcerebellum coordination of coordination of

movement and movement and sense of equilibriumsense of equilibrium

P.12 Differentiate between the structures and P.12 Differentiate between the structures and functions of the various parts of the central nervous functions of the various parts of the central nervous

system. system.

The MidbrainThe Midbrain

lies between the lies between the hindbrain and hindbrain and forebrainforebrain

integrates sensory integrates sensory processesprocesses hearing + visionhearing + vision

reticular formationreticular formation contributes to muscle contributes to muscle reflexes, pain reflexes, pain perception, and perception, and sleep/arousalsleep/arousal

P.12 Differentiate between the structures and functions of the various parts of the central nervous system. P.12 Differentiate between the structures and functions of the various parts of the central nervous system.

The ForebrainThe Forebrain

ThalamusThalamus composed of somascomposed of somas relays all sensory relays all sensory

information except information except smellsmell

HypothalamusHypothalamus controls autonomic controls autonomic

nervous systemnervous system regulates basic biological regulates basic biological

drivesdrives

Limbic systemLimbic system regulates emotion, regulates emotion,

memory and motivationmemory and motivation hippocampushippocampus = memory = memory amygdalaamygdala = aggression = aggression

CerebrumCerebrum responsible for complex responsible for complex

mental activitiesmental activities learning, thinking, learning, thinking,

rememberingrememberingP.12 Differentiate between the structures and P.12 Differentiate between the structures and functions of the various parts of the central nervous functions of the various parts of the central nervous

system. system.

The CerebrumThe Cerebrum

Occipital lobeOccipital lobe back of the headback of the head primary visual cortexprimary visual cortex

receives and processes receives and processes visual informationvisual information

Parietal LobeParietal Lobe forward of occipital lobeforward of occipital lobe primary somatosensory primary somatosensory

cortexcortex registers sense registers sense of touchof touch

Temporal LobeTemporal Lobe below parietal lobebelow parietal lobe primary auditory primary auditory

cortexcortex devoted to devoted to auditory processingauditory processing

Frontal LobeFrontal Lobe largest lobe at frontlargest lobe at front primary motor cortexprimary motor cortex

controls muscle controls muscle movementmovement

P.12 Differentiate between the structures and functions of the various parts of the central nervous system. P.12 Differentiate between the structures and functions of the various parts of the central nervous system.

Right Brain/Left Brain:Right Brain/Left Brain:Cerebral LateralityCerebral Laterality

Chapter 3Chapter 3

P.12 Differentiate between the structures and functions of the various parts of the central nervous system.P.12 Differentiate between the structures and functions of the various parts of the central nervous system.P.13 Describe lateralization of brain functionsP.13 Describe lateralization of brain functions

P.22 Describe advances made in neuroscience and discuss issues related to scientific advances in P.22 Describe advances made in neuroscience and discuss issues related to scientific advances in neuroscienceneuroscience. .

Right HemisphereRight Hemisphere

Nonverbal Nonverbal processingprocessing spatial, musical, spatial, musical,

visual recognition visual recognition taskstasks

IntuitiveIntuitive follow “gut feeling”follow “gut feeling”

ThoughtfulThoughtful sense others feelingssense others feelings

ImaginativeImaginative creating imagescreating images

P.13 Describe lateralization of brain functions P.13 Describe lateralization of brain functions

Left HemisphereLeft Hemisphere

Verbal processingVerbal processing language, speech, language, speech,

reading, writingreading, writing LogicalLogical

decisions based on decisions based on factsfacts

AnalyticalAnalytical follow fine detailsfollow fine details

MemoryMemory processing symbolsprocessing symbols

P.13 Describe lateralization of brain functions P.13 Describe lateralization of brain functions

Split Brain ResearchSplit Brain Research

P.21 Identify tools used to study P.21 Identify tools used to study the nervous systemthe nervous system

• Study of patients with severed corpus Study of patients with severed corpus callosum.callosum.

• Transcranial magnetic stimulationTranscranial magnetic stimulation• Involves sending messages to only one side Involves sending messages to only one side

of the brain.of the brain.• Demonstrates right and left brain Demonstrates right and left brain

specializationspecialization

Split Brain ResearchSplit Brain Research

P.22 Describe advances made in neuroscience and discuss issues related to scientific advances in P.22 Describe advances made in neuroscience and discuss issues related to scientific advances in neuroscienceneuroscience

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lfGwsAdS9Dc

Bisecting the BrainBisecting the Brain

Each hemisphere’s primary Each hemisphere’s primary connections are to the connections are to the opposite side of the bodyopposite side of the body L hemisphere = R handL hemisphere = R hand R hemisphere = L handR hemisphere = L hand

Both eyes and ears deliver Both eyes and ears deliver information to both information to both hemisphereshemispheres Auditory input stronger/ Auditory input stronger/

more immediate for more immediate for opposite hemisphereopposite hemisphere

P.13 Describe lateralization of P.13 Describe lateralization of brain functions brain functions

Split Brain SimulationSplit Brain SimulationPartnerships

Jesus Savanna

Jackson Angela

Christian Delaney

Hunter Sarah Williams

Deshun Jasmine

Jibri Alexandria

Ben Searra

Brett Nate Hooper

Sam Autumn

Anthony Sara Stephens

Weston Sarah Holcomb

1.1. Sit next to your Sit next to your partnerpartner

2.2. Outside arms should Outside arms should go behind your back.go behind your back.

3.3. Arms closest to your Arms closest to your partner should cross partner should cross each other.each other.

4.4. Work together to Work together to complete the tasks I complete the tasks I call out.call out.

P.13 Describe lateralization of brain functions.P.13 Describe lateralization of brain functions.

Can you determine whether the left or Can you determine whether the left or right hemisphere of the brain is right hemisphere of the brain is

dominant?dominant?ProcedureProcedure

1.1. Think about two of your friends or family members.Think about two of your friends or family members.

2.2. Compare them in terms of the areas they seem to be most Compare them in terms of the areas they seem to be most adept atadept at

Ex: mathematics, logical thinking, musical ability, art, speech, etc.Ex: mathematics, logical thinking, musical ability, art, speech, etc.

3.3. Record your observations in a two column chartRecord your observations in a two column chart include 8-10 for each personinclude 8-10 for each person

AnalysisAnalysis

1.1. Based on your observations, which hemisphere seems to Based on your observations, which hemisphere seems to be dominant in each individual? Why?be dominant in each individual? Why?

Ticket out the DoorTicket out the Door

1.1. Name a specialty for the left Name a specialty for the left hemisphere of the brain.hemisphere of the brain.

2.2. What is split brain research?What is split brain research?

3.3. Which hemisphere controls the right Which hemisphere controls the right side of the body?side of the body?

HandednessHandedness

the hand that performs faster or more the hand that performs faster or more precisely on manual tasksprecisely on manual tasks the hand that one prefers to use, the hand that one prefers to use,

regardless of performance regardless of performance handedness is typically opposite from handedness is typically opposite from

the specialized hemisphere the specialized hemisphere majority of left-handers also seem to have majority of left-handers also seem to have

a left-hemispheric brain specializationa left-hemispheric brain specialization

P.13 Describe lateralization of brain functions. P.13 Describe lateralization of brain functions.

Problem Solving TasksProblem Solving Tasks

MalesMales rely heavily on left rely heavily on left

brainbrain solve problems solve problems

step by stepstep by step

FemalesFemales greater access to greater access to

right brainright brain focus on more than focus on more than

one problem at a one problem at a timetime

The Endocrine SystemThe Endocrine System

Unit 2Unit 2

Chapter 3Chapter 3

P.15 Describe how the endocrine glands are linked to the nervous system. P.15 Describe how the endocrine glands are linked to the nervous system.

Endocrine System: Another Endocrine System: Another Way to CommunicateWay to Communicate

consists of glands that secrete consists of glands that secrete hormoneshormones into the bloodstream that into the bloodstream that help control bodily functionshelp control bodily functions digestiondigestion blood pressure regulationblood pressure regulation

pulsatilepulsatile- released several times/day - released several times/day in brief bursts or pulses that last only in brief bursts or pulses that last only minutesminutes

P.15 Describe how the endocrine glands are linked to the nervous system. P.15 Describe how the endocrine glands are linked to the nervous system.