The Bible and Us Bible Truth why it’s so important and why we can trust it Emmanuel Chesham Summer Bible School 2011
Apr 01, 2015
The Bible and Us
Bible Truthwhy it’s so important
and why we can trust it
Emmanuel CheshamSummer Bible School 2011
housekeeping
• thanks again for coming back!• thanks for your questions
– they’ve helped me improve the material– so did doing this with our Home Group– other information came from references on
next page
for more information• Brian H Edwards, Nothing But The Truth
– revised since 1986 – now 3rd ed (2005)• John McDowell, New Evidence That Demands
A Verdict, (2010)– revised since 1972!
• Robert Dick Wilson, Is The Higher Criticism Scholarly? (1922)– eg http://heartoftn.net/users/gary27/wilson.htm
• see also references in the text
what this is about• what we believe about the Bible
– it’s true, and we need it– it’s the Word of God, written via human agents– in fact, pretty-much by eye-witnesses
• why we can be confident in the Bible– what we don’t believe: “it was made up later”, or “it was
changed a lot afterwards anyway”– we’ve already seen: copyists, and manuscripts– OT truth: prophets, and Robert Dick Wilson– NT truth: Luke
what this isn’t about• “truth” is a big subject!
– truth of the resurrection of Christ– truth of the [other] miracles in the Bible– truth in the Bible vs truth in science
• we aren’t covering everything here– just the Bible itself
• we aim at “truth”, not “proof”– based on good historical evidence
• in line with your conscience and experience– not based on controlled experiments, or on
deduction from axioms
what we believeabout Bible truth
what we believe
• “The Bible, as originally given, is the inspired and infallible Word of God. It is the supreme authority in all matters of belief and behaviour.”
– UCCF Doctrinal Basis, clause c• most evangelical organizations have a
similar statement– including the Church of England, Article VI
we need the Bible to know God(Calvin’s argument, Institutes, Book I)
• we need God’s own written word because– although God can be seen in creation, and in our
consciences– that knowledge is lost or changed, due to
ignorance, or to sin• the Bible, the Spirit, and reason
– we need the Spirit, to understand the Bible– we need the Bible, not just immediate revelation
from God– the Bible commends itself to human reason
the Word of God• 2 Tim 3.16, “all scripture is God-breathed”• 2 Pet 1.20-21, “no prophecy of Scripture came
about by the prophet’s own interpretation ... men spoke from God as they were carried along by the Holy Spirit”
• 1 Pet 1.10-12, “the prophets searched ... trying to find out the time ... to which the Spirit of Christ in them was pointing ...”
• Jn 10.35, “the scripture cannot be broken”– and Jesus’+apostles’ whole attitude
written by eye-witnesses(pretty-much)
• 2 Pet 1.16, “we did not follow clever-invented stories ... we were eye-witnesses of his majesty”
• Acts 26.25-26, Paul, “What I am saying is true and reasonable. The king is familiar with these things ... none of this has escaped his notice, because it was not done in a corner.”
• Lk 1, “... handed down ... by eye-witnesses ... I have carefully investigated ...”
what’s at stake?
an alternative view(which we don’t believe)
• the OT was made up by the Jews in exile!– the Torah in ~500-400BC, to cement Jewish culture
and national identity after catastrophe– Daniel, in ~170-150BC, to encourage and then to
celebrate resistance to Antiochus• the NT was made up after the fall of Jerusalem!!• no miracles ever happened!!!• God doesn’t exist, and doesn’t relate to
people!!!!
pre-Conquest
Conquestto Exile
post-Exile
life ofChrist
earlyChurch
creation
patriarchs
wanderings
judges
united k’dom
divided k’dom
exile
return
birth
ministry
death and res
Pentecost
mission
Revelation
Genesis
Ex, Lev, Num, Deut
Josh, Judg, Ruth
1-2 Sam, 1-2 Kings, 1-2 Chr
Ezra, NehemiahEsther
Is, JerLam, Ezek, Dan Obadiah
Hag, Zech, Mal
Am, Hos, Joel, Jon, Mic, Nah, Hab, Zeph
Gospels and Acts
Revelation
Rom, 1-2 Cor, Gal, Eph, Phil, Col, 1-2 Thess, 1-2 Tim, Titus, Phm, Heb, Jas, 1-2 Pet, 1-3 Jn, Jd
2000
1400
1000
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0
30
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history prophets and lettersso instead of this ...
Job
Ps
Prov
Ecc
Song
wisdom
pre-Conquest
Conquestto Exile
post-Exile
life ofChrist
earlyChurch
creation
patriarchs
wanderings
judges
united k’dom
divided k’dom
exile
return
birth
ministry
death and res
Pentecost
mission
Revelation
most of the Old Testament
Gospels and Acts Revelation
Rom, 1-2 Cor, Gal, Eph, Phil, Col, 1-2 Thess, 1-2 Tim, Titus, Phm, Heb, Jas, 1-2 Pet, 1-3 Jn, Jd
2000
1400
1000
600
500
350
0
30
50
90
history... we’d get this
Daniel
prophets and letters wisdom
why we can be confidentin Bible truth
why we can be confident
• textual evidence– see Bible History
• internal evidence– prophecy
• the testimony of Robert Dick Wilson– on the Old Testament and the ancient world
• the testimony of Luke– on the New Testament and the Roman world
prophecy• of Christ
– hundreds of prophecies in OT– Ps 22: crucifixion, described 1000BC– Isaiah: extant MSS from 125BC
• of the exile and return• of the Greek and Roman empires
– Daniel 2, BabylonPersiaGreeceRome– Daniel 11, Greek rule over Judah
• see Olyott, Dare to Stand Alone, for [loads of] detail
Robert Dick Wilson, 1856-1930• Prof Semitic Philology, Princeton
– ie, a “word geek”• “life statement”, age 25:
– 15 years studying languages– 15 years studying OT and literature– 15 years disseminating findings
• result:– 45 languages – all OT to 600AD– monumental evidence re OT dating and truth
• accessibly summarized in a 1922 paper
Wilson on kings’ names• Wilson studied names and titles of kings
– eg in Genesis 14, and in Egypt, Assyria, Babylon, Persia, Damascus, Tyre, Moab
• found that OT mirrors palace records• OT spelling mirrors original spelling
– 24 kings, 120 consonants in names– OT gets it exactly right
• Assyrian histories get Egyptian wrong!• Arabic histories get Persia and Greece wrong!• Greeks get Egypt, Assyria and Babylonia wrong!
Wilson on style and time
• Wilson studied non-Hebrew words in the OT• you can tell by doing this, some information
about when it was written– the more you know about the languages, and
the bigger the documents you have available, the more you can tell
– Wilson noted this phenomenon in other ancient languages as well as Hebrew
– you can even do this in English! ...
• “loot” came into English in 1780s from India
• no “loot” in AV!– just German/Latin
pre-Conquest
Conquestto Exile
post-Exile
creation
patriarchs
wanderings
judges
united k’dom
divided k’dom
exile
return
Genesis
Ex, Lev, Num, Deut
Josh, Judg, Ruth
1-2 Sam, 1-2 Kings, 1-2 Chr
Ezra, NehemiahEsther
Is, JerLam, Ezek, Dan Obadiah
Hag, Zech, Mal
Am, Hos, Joel, Jon, Mic, Nah, Hab, Zeph
2000
1400
1000
600
500
350
Job
Ps
Prov
Ecc
Song
findings re borrowed wordssome Babylonian in Gen 1-2
some Egyptian in accountx of Joseph
Indian, Assyrian and Hittite in Solomon
Assyrian and Babylonian from Kings on
Persian from Daniel on
Aramaic: half Ezra, half Daniel, words from exile onv
no non-Hebrew borrowings in Exodus – 2 Sam, or in Job – Song
no Greek in entire OT except the names of two musical instruments in Daniel
Robert Dick Wilson: conclusion• historical evidence: reliable in content at
whatever point it could be verified against other documents
• manuscript evidence: copying of the names of kings demonstrated amazing original accuracy, amazing copying
• linguistic evidence: documents could only have originated at the time and place they say (or imply) that they originate
• breadth of evidence: utterly unrivalled
Luke the Evangelist
• wrote Luke and Acts– both dedicated to Theophilus
• gospel: not an eyewitness– but an extremely diligent historian
• Acts: an eyewitness of much of it– “we” passages in Paul’s journeys– 16.10-40, 20.5-21.19, 27.1-28.16 (at least)
Luke on titles
• Cyprus, proconsul, Acts 13.7• Philippi
– Roman colony, 16.12– stratagoi, “magistrates”, 16.38
• Thessalonica, politarchs,“city officials”, 17.6
• Ephesus, asiarchs, “officialsof the province”, 19.31
• Malta, protos, “chief official”, 28.7
Politarch Inscriptionin the British MuseumList of the city rulers in
Thessalonica, 2nd century
Luke on Quirinius• “the first census which took place while
Quirinius was governor of Syria”• independent evidence: Quirinius was
– military governor, 10-8BC– governor, 6AD
• censuses were an Egyptian custom adopted by the Romans, done about every 14 years
• he probably ran both the 6BC census during which Jesus was born, and a ~8AD one
“Luke the doctor” (Col 4.14)• Luke is specific on medical details• eg on fasting
– Luke 4.2, “he ate nothing during those days, and at the end of them he was hungry”
– this is exactly what happens!• here as elsewhere Luke gives more details
than Matthew and Mark– 4.38, high fever, 6.6, right hand, ...
• also in Acts, eg Elymas’ blindness, 13.11
Luke: conclusion
• Luke’s gospel: he was diligent• Acts: he was there• he is more detailed on geography, politics
and medicine than any other NT writer• on every testable point, he’s proved right
conclusion
conclusion• the Bible itself is thoroughly reliable
– there’s no proof here– but there is evidence-based truth– what we can verify, stands the test
• historical links to language, politics and geography• manuscripts and translations
– so we can trust what we can’t verify• in fact our experience and conscience confirms it
• let’s uphold it confidently– in church life, in home life, in outreach
• let’s rejoice in the God who gave it