The Behavior and Applications of Gases Earth’s atmosphere is a very thin layer of gases (only 560 km thick) that surrounds the planet. Although the atmosphere makes up only a small part of our planet, it is vital to our survival. 394 Contents and Selected Applications 10.1 The Nature of Gases 10.2 Production of Hydrogen and the Meaning of Pressure 10.3 Mixtures of Gases—Dalton’s Law and Food Packaging Chemical Encounters: Dalton’s Law and Food Packaging 10.4 The Gas Laws—Relating the Behavior of Gases to Key Properties Chemical Encounters: Balloons and Ozone Analysis 10.5 The Ideal Gas Equation 10.6 Applications of the Ideal Gas Equation Chemical Encounters: Automobile Air Bags Chemical Encounters: Acetylene 10.7 Kinetic-Molecular Theory 10.8 Effusion and Diffusion 10.9 Industrialization: A Wonderful, Yet Cautionary, Tale Chemical Encounters: Ozone Chemical Encounters: The Greenhouse Effect