The Beginning of Man
Dec 23, 2015
The Beginning of Man
Pangaea
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hPjFw3269P8
Pangaea Breaks Apart
• The first inhabitants travel to the Americas
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mmbU7mQIc-c • Early Nomads are
hunters and gathers– They travel following their
food source
Before Columbus
• Nomads begin to settle and grow crops and develop cities
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7FItlStGMY4 (America Before Columbus)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0QigcivaDYg(Did Columbus Discover America?)
Europe• Middle Ages – 500 to 1500 A.D. – widespread
starvation, poverty, disease and warfare in Europe• The Renaissance – the rebirth of education, art,
and literature• Christianity becomes main religion of Europe• Crusades – brought Europe into contact with Asia,
Europeans gained desire for Asian goods• Marco Polo traveled from Italy to China in 1274;
wrote book about adventures; made people want to travel
• New technologies – ships, sails, compass, guns• Expanding populations – needed more space
• Trade increased – merchants wanted access to Asia – spices, silk, porcelain
• Main trade route was called the Silk Road – long and dangerous land route
• Portugal – led European exploration for water route to Asia – Vasco da Gama
• Caravels – small, fast ships good for exploring
Caravel
Other Explorers
• Amerigo Vespucci – 1st European to find the mainland of the Americas – 1499, 1502
• Giovanni da Verrazano – 1st European to reach North Carolina – 1524
• French – Canada• English – Atlantic coast of North America• Spanish – Central and South America
Christopher Columbus
Leif Eriksson sights land
Amerigo Vespucci
Silk Road
European Explorations
Columbus Departs from Spain
Columbus Comes to the Americas
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=My8Vd-NZ8Qo (Columbus Biography)
• Europeans bring diseases that kill off approx. 90% of the native population
• Force native population into slavery in the pursuit of gold and riches
The Columbian Biological Exchange
Old World to New World: New World to Old World:
Diseases: Smallpox MeaslesChicken PoxMalariaYellow FeverInfluenzaThe Common Cold
Syphilis
| This page was last updated on 12/3/98. | Return to History 111 Supplements
Smallpox Victim
Native populations were devastated by disease
The Columbian Biological Exchange
Old World to New World: New World to Old World:
Animals: Horses CattlePigsSheepGoatsChickens
TurkeysLlamasAlpacasGuinea Pigs
The Columbian Biological Exchange
Old World to New World: New World to Old World:
Plants: Rice WheatBarleyOatsCoffeeSugarcaneBananasMelonsOlivesDandelionsDaisiesCloverRagweedKentucky Bluegrass
Corn (Maize)Potatoes (White & Sweet Varieties)Beans (Snap, Kidney, & Lima Varieties)TobaccoPeanutsSquashPeppersTomatoesPumpkinsPineapplesCacao (Source of Chocolate)Chicle (Source of Chewing Gum)PapayasManioc (Tapioca)GuavasAvocados
3 G’s of Expansion
1. Gold-Riches (Mostly Explorers)
2. God-Convert Natives
3. Glory-Make a Name for Themselves
Discovering Mexico• Spanish Conquistadors continue to
explore the Americas in search of gold• Many marry native women and have
children labeled mestizo• Cortez discovers the Aztec population
and conquers the native people– Native people decreased from approx.
20 million to 2 million people in less than 100 years
Setting Up Trade
• St. Augustine (Florida) is secured as a trading sight with Europe
• Settlers begin to settle in New Mexico, natives rebel “The Pope Rebellion”– Burned down churches and killed
priests• “The Black Legend” is born
– Settlers only come to conquer and torture natives, take gold, and give small box/diseases before leaving
England Comes to America
• Sir Francis Drake Sails Around the World – Brings back plundered Spanish gold to England
• England Becomes a Strong Naval Power
Roanoke Colony
• Settlers (Men and Women) come to Roanoke Island• Stay 3 years• Disappear
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1mMGYyT-wv0
The Virginia Company• King James I sends settlers
(Mostly Men) to establish Jamestown (1609)
• Captain John Smith Arrives and Commands – Gets the settlement in order
• 400 settlers come, After the harsh winter of 1609-1610 only 60 survive
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OA1wYOlJN4o
Jamestown• 1st permanent English settlement – Virginia in 1607• John Smith (military leader), John Rolfe (tobacco),
Pocahontas (married Rolfe, not Smith)• Colony almost did not survive – bad location and
they did not bring farmers nor carpenters on the first trip
• 1608 – Starving Time due to a famine• 1619 (a big year): House of Burgess (1st
representative assembly), English women arrive, Africans brought as Indentured Servants
Jamestown
John Smith
John Rolfe marries Pocahontas
Pocahontas
Plymouth Rock• Sought Religious Freedom from England• Mayflower (Ship) drops settlers off and
returns to England• Pilgrims (People)• Livestock, books, dogs, families,
spinning wheels• Arrive in the middle of winterhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kwJDraGAV44• Disease rapidly wipes out population
before shelters are builthttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QZRI1BIaER4 (The Truth About Thanksgiving)
Powhatan Wars
• Lord De La Warr brings supplies and military to Jamestown– Starts war with the Powhatan Tribe
• Pocahontas Marries John Rolfe– Ends the first Anglo-Powhatan War
• By 1685, English Consider Powhatan Tribes Extinct after Second Anglo-Powhatan War
West Africa
• Societies were similar to North America• Carried on most of their trade with Europe and Asia• Became the center of the world’s slave trade• Slaves• A. War Prisoners• B. Criminals• C. People kidnapped from other tribes
The West Indian Islands
• England claims for sugar crop• Starts Slave Trade
– African slaves shipped to the islands– Slaves to Englishman (4:1)
• Barbados Slave Code of 1661– Took away all basic rights for slaves
Triangle Trade