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Jeffrey WhiteBedBug Central
[email protected]
The “Why” of Bed Bugs: Why Here, Why Now and Why is This So Hard!
The Bed Bug Resurgence
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:World_human_population_density_map.png
Prior to WWII….Look in a Mirror
https://www.loc.gov/item/00652100/
https://www.diomedia.com/stock-photo-hortus-sanitatis-image19956256.html Photo is screen capture taken from Amazon patent art picture
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The Age of DDT
https://www.techletter.com/Archive/Technical%20Articles/bedbugcomeback.html
https://www.pattontermiteandpest.com/bed-bug-control-101/http://21sci-tech.com/articles/Fall02/Mosquitoes.html
The Age of DDT
AP Photo: J. Walter Greenhttps://www.bedbugsupply.com/blog/treatments/the-future-of-bed-bug-treatments/
https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=13829937
But It Wasn’t Just DDT
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Or Was It the Liberal Usage???
Where Did They Come From???
https://www.travelvaccinationclinic.com.au/destinations-advice/vaccinations-for-india/
https://www.mapsland.com/north-america/central-america-and-the-caribbean/detailed-political-map-of-central-america
http://adventuretransylvania.com/tours/medieval-transylvania-castles/
https://www.nycgo.com/museums-galleries/statue-of-liberty-national-monument
"Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses
yearning to breathe free, the wretched refuse of your
teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me,
I lift my lamp beside the golden door!"
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Reports Start to Increase
© Copyright Bed Bug Central
2006 Bed Bugs Get Going!
Bed Bugs Are Back! All 50 states are reporting problems Degree of problems are regional and difficult to
predict Issues by country are also unpredictable – some
Caribbean Islands have issues but not others– Japan does not have a huge issue – monoculture– UAE/Dubai some issues in oil fields – migrant
workers– Europe – depends on the country
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0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Jan
'08
Apr
'08
Jul '
08
Oct
'08
Jan
'09
Apr
'09
Jul '
09
Oct
'09
Jan
'10
Apr
'10
Jul '
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Oct
'10
Jan
'11
Apr
'11
Jul '
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Oct
'11
Jan
'12
Apr
'12
Total Initial Bed Bug Services by Month
There are lots of other ways that bed bugscan find their way into homes...
• Travel (business or leisure)• Overnight guests• Camps and day care• At school or college• The work place • Consignment shops, flea markets, garage sales...• In house services (nanny’s, cleaning services, home
health care...)• Laundromats, public transportation, theaters etc....
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Humans greatest enemy is….
IGNORANCE!!!
Where are bed bugs being found?
Apartments & Condos
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Coming to Home Near You
© Copyright Bed Bug Central
Bed BugsGo
Where People Go!
Bed Bugs in Hospitals & Health Institutions
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Bed Bugs in Schools
© Copyright Bed Bug Central
Bed Bugs in the Work PlaceGothamist March 8, 2008
• Fox Newsroom • Bill Clinton’s Office• Saatchi & Saatchi• IRS Offices
• United Nations• Penguin Books• Goldman Sachs• Universal Recording Studios...
Rapidly Reservoiring in the Lower Socio Economic Center!
Shelters & Group homes,Section 8 (affordable housing),
Slumlords, and Congested urban areas
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Rutgers ResearchSurveyed 2,372 affordable housing
apartments in 43 buildings in 4 cities in NJ
Wang et al, 2016
• Found that the range of infestations by property was 3.8% to 29.5%
• An average of 12.3% have bed bugs
How Much Damage Can One Person Do?
Rutgers ResearchIn a high-rise senior living building, approximately 71% of residents were
unaware they had bed bugs
Study supports the statement to property managers: “however many infestations you know of, you probably have 2-3 times that”
Cooper et al., 2015
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Booth et al. – NC State• Study looked at genetic relationship within
and among buildings• Found that most infestations within a
building are related• Found that infestations from building to
building are highly unrelated
Proactive Inspections!!!
Bite Symptoms!
Response to bed bug bitesRows and clusters – exposed
skin surfacesEverybody reacts differentlyBed bugs only feed once every
few days Easily confused with other
reactionsNever use bites to definitively
identify a problem!
Bed Bug Bites - Overview
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Reaction to bites• Univ. of Sheffield study
– 46% exhibited delayed symptoms (7-11 days after bites occurred)
– 54% participants did not react at all to first bites
• Univ. of Kentucky– 30% did not react– Only age group that reacted less
than everyone else was senior citizens
Delayed or No Reaction to Bites
Bed Bugs and Disease• Have not been documented to transmit
disease in the field• Two diseases transmitted in lab settings:
–Chagas disease–Trench Fever
Medical Entomologists believe it to be highly unlikely to happen in the field
Bed bugs may not transmit diseasebut they are an Emotional Experience!
Image by Richard Naylor www.sophistishe.com
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Bed Bug Lawsuitswww.aad.org
www.iahealth.net
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$49,000 Awarded to Family for
Damages From Bed Bug Infested
Furniture
It’s Not As Scary As It Seems• Documentation
–Extent of infestation at start–Products used–Obstacles encountered
• Common Sense–Lawyers don’t want tough cases–Sound protocol with sound products
Do you know what you need to know?
&Are you ready for the
challenge?
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Adults:
• ¼” long• Oval• Flat• Reddish brown
Harold Harlan
Bed Bug Life Cycle
Bed Bug Development Egg to Adult
– 64oF – 60 days– 82oF – 14 days (Johnson, 1941)
Females can lay 1-5 eggs/day Impossible to say how long and infestation has been
present– You never know how many were introduced– If 5 bugs were introduced in may take 2 months to achieve 100
bugs– If 50 bugs were introduced it may only take 2 weeks
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What Do Bed Bugs Feed On? Mosquitoes – only female feeds on blood Fleas – only adults feed on blood Bed bugs – all stages feed on blood
– Humans– Dogs and Cats– Birds/chickens– Rabbits
Infestation Levels• Distribution of infestations in your
average apartment complex–Low: less than 20 bugs (70%)–Moderate: 21-100 bugs (20%)–High: over 100 bugs (10%)
Majority of bed bugs associated with sleeping areas
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Sofas are Upholstered Furniture are also Commonly Infested
Rutgers research found that about 15% of the time bed bugs are only found in the
couch (BBC documented as high as 30%)!
Bed Bugs Inhabit Areas of Least
Disruption First
Residential: Apartments & Houses
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Residential: Apartments & Houses
Amongst personal belongings,behind/under furniture…
Image by Jeff White
Image by Jeff WhiteImage by Jeff White
Bugs & Eggs inside Video
Tapes in Living Room
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How Many More Did We Miss!!
Gaps behindcrown molding
Gaps beneath baseboard molding
Image by Jeff WhiteImage by Jeff White
Image by Jeff White
Image by Jeff White
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Identify if anyone sleeps on the floor
Bed Bugs and their eggs could be…
Anywhere and Everywhere!
© Copyright Bed Bug Central
© Copyright Bed Bug Central
Bed BugsMove Between Units in Multi-Occupancy
Buildings
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Movement Between Units is a Big Problem in Multi-Occupancy Settings
Adjacent units infested 25%of the time
Bed Bugs Move!• Research has indicated that bed
bugs move….just to move• Bugs found on the bed are later
found by the door and vice versa• High level infestations have to be
tackled head-onCooper et al., 2015
Vacant Apartments• Mark-recapture study found large
nymphs and adults alive in apartments 155 days after study started
• Small nymphs were found 134 days after study began
Cooper et al., 2015
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Bed Bugs in Vacant Units Present Serious Challenges!
1. Any bugs that are still present will survive for many months without a blood meal• Some will remain inactive until the unit is
occupied again (even months later)• Others may migrate to adjoining units in search
of a blood meal2. Visual inspections do not yield reliable information3. Continued treatment is unlikely to be effective
Why do we monitor and inspect?
1. To detect a new problem
2. To asses the extent of a problem
3. To evaluate the effectiveness of our control efforts
4. To help determine when a problem has been eradicated
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Questions?