The Basilica at Fano and the Vitruvian Norm

basiliques et agoras de grèce et d’asie mineure

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basiliques et agoras de grèce et d’asie mineure

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The Basilica at Fano and the Vitruvian Norm

Paul D. Scotton

– Basiliques et agoras de Grèce et d’Asie Mineure, p. 25 à 89

I n Book V of de architectura Vitruvius describes two types of basilicas differentiated by their design. The first has come to be known as a “normal” basilica. The other, at Fano and of his own design, is clearly something else. For both types he describes a system of proportions which begins in plan and continues into elevation. Those

of the normal basilica are explained in c. 130 words 1. Those of the Fano basilica in c. 340 words 2. That the Fano basilica needed so much more discussion and the normal basilica received so relatively little would appear to support the notion that the Fano basilica was atypical. It may also be that Vitruvius’ pride in his effort – as suggested by his judgement that his basilica was “non minus summan dignitatem et venustatem” when compared to others – led him to a little indulgence. Without any extant remains of the Fano basilica known at this time, we cannot assess how worthy it was as compared to others. We do have the means, however, to determine more basic questions; the most basic of which is: how normal was the “normal” basilica? Related to this are: how unique was the Fano basilica and, if not, how common was it 3? The answers to these questions reveal what may well be the true import of the basilica at Fano. That is, a shift in the design paradigm of the pagan basilica directed towards a particular function.

The means employed here by which to conduct this investigation is a catalog of known basilicas with their dimensions. Although from site to site the extent of any structure’s remains can vary dramatically and architectural documentation and reporting may vary considerably, the overall length and width is commonly preserved or restorable and is usually documented with reasonable accuracy 4. These dimensions and their ratio to one another are the fundamental basis for the design of the building. In fact, the ratio of width to length is the first building specific proportion Vitruvius prescribes. The normal basilica is to have a width no less than 1/3 and no more than 1/2 of the length 5. For the Fano basilica the width is 100 feet and the length 160, i.e. a width 5/8 that of the length. As the most likely data recorded in publication and as the most basic design element, these data provide a reasonable means to assess frequency and distribution of the proportions used. By assembling a catalog of known pagan basilicas and their dimensions, simple statistical analyses can be applied to determine what is normative and how much variation there is from the norm. For this paper, analyses of this sort have been conducted and reveal a set of preferred dimensions spanning time, geography, and size. These preferences demonstrate that what has been held to be the norm is not as common as Vitruvius implies. Perhaps more striking is the frequency of use of the proportions of the Fano basilica. It may have been the first of its kind and unique at the time Vitruvius wrote but of all the basilicas built during the time of the empire it is only one of many to employ those overall proportions. So many that we should consider the Fano style basilica to be a type. In fact, the data show that during the Augustan period one out of every three basilicas built was of this type. This indicates that what Vitruvius describes at Fano is part of a major shift in the design of basilicas and, if the first of this type, it was a trend setter.

1. V. 1.4-5.2. V. 1.6-10.3. These questions arose to me during my investigations in the Julian Basilica in Corinth as I searched among other known basilicas

for comparanda for the design of that building. Those investigations and conclusions are forthcoming in my monograph The Julian Basilica: An Architectural Investigation.

4. There are limitations which will be discussed below.5. Vitruvius 5.1.4.

26 – The Basilica aT Fano and The ViTruVian norm

The function of this change in form is clear in Vitruvius’ discussion. That is to accommodate the presence of a tribunal and of the imperial cult. It remains to be seen if there were other uses for this type of basilica but documenting a change in design to accommodate and emphasize the imperial cult and its trappings is important in our understanding of the evolution of the basilica as a building form and the role of that building in the fabric of Roman towns throughout the empire.

Catalog of BasiliCas

The catalog comprises 154 known or suspected pagan basilicas 6. Of these 106 are published with at least measurements of length and width. Here, however, variations in published measurements are a concern. First, it is often not stated whether or not the published dimensions are exterior and include the thickness of two walls or if they are interior and exclude the thickness of the exterior walls 7. Second, some dimensions are published as precise as to two decimal points whereas others are clearly rounded and stated in whole numbers of either meters or English feet.

Methodology

In order to more easily analyze and sort the proportions of known basilicas, the ratios prescribed by Vitruvius were converted to decimals. Thus, the parameters of the normal basilica defined as between 1:3 and 1:2 width to length is presented here as 0.33 to 0.50. The Fano type has its width as 0.625 of its length. For each of the 106 basilicas in the catalog with known measurements the ratio of width to length was calculated as a decimal. These calculations did not take into account the variation in accuracy in recording distances. Rounding up or down should not have changed the ratio by much. The thickness of the walls, however, could have a greater impact. Accepting that any wall supporting the equivalent of a second story would be at least c. 0.60 m thick and 0.90 m would not be unusual could mean that depending upon the method employed recorded distances in the same building could vary from c. 1.2 to 1.8 m. Using the Julian Basilica in Corinth as an example the interior dimensions are 23.55 x 38.43 m with a width to length ratio of 0.613. The exterior dimensions are 24.73 x 39.61 m with a ratio of 0.624. There is a variance then from interior to exterior dimensions of c. 1.1%. It is also not clear as to whether or not the design of a building was based upon interior or exterior dimensions. That is, the same set of proportions may have been realized differently by different architects. If the Corinth example is indeed based upon the proportions of the Fano basilica, the exterior dimensions are closer to those of Fano although the Fano design seems to have been based upon interior dimensions and the Corinth example most certainly is. Another variable is the difference between the design and what was executed. Using the Julian Basilica again as an example, the overall design of the building is based upon a module of 10 Roman feet, which in Corinth is 2.957 m 8.

The basic plan of the building was designed to be a rectangle with interior dimensions of 80 x 130 Roman feet (RF), 23.66 x 38.44 m, and with a ratio of 0.616. What was executed was a slightly narrower building 23.55 x 38.43 m and with a ratio of 0.613. Although this is only 0.3%, it is not unreasonable to accept that in the documentation of a single basilica more than one of these variables may have occurred. In an attempt to reconcile such variables and the vagaries of published dimensions the decimals are considered accurate to within ± 2%.

findings

The catalog of 154 known or supposed Roman pagan basilicas is presented in Table 1 listed alphabetically. Of these, 106 are recorded with relatively clear overall dimensions of width and length. These are listed in Table 2, sorted by their ratio of width to length as represented by a decimal. The aggregate data were first plotted as a simple scatter graph (see Graph 1). The graph shows a wide variation in the proportions used ranging from the long and narrow, 0.14 at Conimbriga, to the square or nearly so, 0.92 at Shaqqa or the restored 1.00 at Bulla Regia. It is also worth noting that there is at least one example of every proportion from 0.24 through 0.50 and very nearly so from 0.17 through 0.64. This would seem to indicate that the architects had a fair amount of latitude in setting the overall proportions of width to length, perhaps more so than suggested by Vitruvius’ statement of normal proportions. That is, of the 106 basilicas plotted 48 conform to the

6. Regardless of the efforts made to compile a complete list, there may be inadvertent omissions.7. Vitruvius’ description of Fano suggests that the design of that building is based upon the interior dimensions.8. See Romano 2003, 288.

Paul d. scoTTon – 27

Vitruvian norm and 58 do not. In percentages c. 45% conform and c. 55% do not. With an incidence rate of less than 1 out of 2, it would seem to be questionable to refer to this group as “normal”.

The graph also shows clustering in eight general areas: 0.17, 0.21, 0.33-0.37, 0.39, 0.44-0.45, 0.47-0.49, 0.52, and 0.61. This clustering suggests that there were preferred proportions as indicated by Vitruvius’ description of a “normal” basilica but, given the number that are beyond the Vitruvian parameters, there was more variety than one might expect. In order to determine what those preferred proportions were, the clusters were refined to foci. These foci should be understood to be approximations given the vagaries of measurement and the resultant imprecision of the calculations.

deterMining the foCi

Two basic assumptions have been made in determining the foci: 1) the points with the greatest number of iterations are the most likely to be foci and 2) the most likely decimals to be foci are those that can be rendered in a relatively simple or rational ratio. That is, dimensions of width and length are most likely to be whole numbers and those numbers most likely relate to each other in recognizable and relatively manageable ratios, e.g., 5:8 at Fano 9.

Thus, a focus at 0.33 with 4 occurrences and with it being the decimal equivalent of 1:3, seems likely. If we also consider that it is the lower limit of Vitruvius’ prescribed parameters, it becomes even more so.

The point that by frequency would seem to be the most secure is 0.39 with 7 occurrences, the largest count of all. The decimal 0.39 is nearly equivalent to the ratio 7:18 having a decimal equivalent of 0.388. But, the decimal equivalents of simpler ratios, 2:5 and 3:8, have equivalents quite close, 0.40 and 0.375 respectively. By accepting that the data are imprecise one can assume that for the purposes of this paper 0.39 is the focus of a cluster that includes both the ratios of 3:8 and 2:5. Furthermore, by accepting that the decimals are only accurate to ± 0.02, the cluster with a focus at 0.39 should include every occurrence from 0.37 to 0.41, 18 in total.

The points with the next highest frequency are at 0.52 and 0.61. 0.52 (c. 11:21 or 13:25) is just outside of the Vitruvian norm. The adjacent occurrences within the norm were not included in this cluster and accordingly its range was considered to be 0.52 to 0.54 with a count of 7. Although 0.61, or c. 8:13, has the highest incident rate in this cluster, the Fano basilica ratio is 0.625, or 5:8. The parameters of this cluster are then considered to be 0.59 to 0.64 with a focus at c. 0.61 and a total count of 14.

The next highest frequencies are at 0.33, 0.35, and 0.45 10. It is reasonable to assume that 0.33 and 0.35 are within the same cluster but, with the same number of iterations, the focus of the cluster 0.33 to 0.36 is ambiguous. For the purposes of this study the focus is assumed to be 0.33, the lower limit of the parameters described by Vitruvius, and with a total count of 12. The cluster around 0.45, or 9:20, also has a somewhat ambiguous focus. 0.44 has only one less iteration than 0.45 and is the decimal equivalent of 4:9 11. Thus, this cluster is defined as 0.42 to 0.46, with a count of 11, and, for the sake of convenience more that anything else, with a focus at 0.44.

The next groups to consider are the clusters at 0.17, 0.21, and 0.48. 0.17 and 0.18, c. 1:6 and 2:11 respectively, are considered to be one cluster with a total count of 4. 0.20 (1:5) and 0.21 are considered to be a cluster also with a count of 4. 0.19 could be assigned to either this or the previous cluster. Lacking further evidence it would be arbitrary to assign it to one over the other. It is, accordingly, omitted from both 12. 0.48 (12:25) is considered to be the focus of 0.47 through 0.50 and with a count of 8.

Finally, there are clusters with a focus at 0.26/0.27, 0.30, and 0.56. The parameters of the first are 0.24 to 0.28 and with a total count of 8. The most easily recognizable ratio in this group is 1:4 but 0.25 has only a single iteration. The focus

9. Wilson Jones 2000, 74 sq., discusses the proclivity of Roman architects to design in whole numbers.10. Note that 0.37 is by frequency in this same group but it has been included within the cluster focused at 0.39.11. As anyone who has taken more than a cursory look at Classical Greek architecture knows, this is the dominant ratio employed in the

design of the Parthenon.12. It is of course possible that 19 is the focus of the group ranging from 0.17-0.21 and with a total count of 9. But, with both 0.17 and

0.21 each having three times the number of occurrences as 0.19, it is assumed they are separate foci.


for this cluster is therefore considered to be c. 0.26 (3:11). The cluster at 0.30 is defined as from 0.29 through 0.32 and with a total count of 5. The cluster with a focus at 0.56 (5:9) is defined as 0.55 through 0.58 and with a total count of 4.

This leaves single iterations at 0.14, 0.19, 0.67, 0.68, 0.69, 0.71, 0.73, 0.78, 0.79, 0.92, and 1.00 which, with the exception of the first and last two, may or may not belong in a cluster. 0.19, as already explained, may belong to one of two adjacent clusters but to which is unclear. The group consisting of 0.67, 0.68, and 0.69 may be considered a cluster with a focus at 0.68 ( 9:13 or 17:25). 0.71 and 0.73 both representing Second Century CE basilicas in Numidia may likely be a cluster of two with a focus at 0.72 (c. 8:11 or 15:21). And finally, 0.78 and 0.79 form a cluster of two with the focus arbitrarily assigned to 0.78 (c. 10:13 or 12:15).

In Graph 2 the foci are plotted and the 4 single, non-clustered points are omitted, i.e., 0.14, 0.19, 0.92, and 1.00. It has already been noted that the greatest concentration falls within the Vitruvian parameters at 0.39 and representing c. 16% of the total. More remarkable is the next greatest concentration at 0.61. These are the proportions of Vitruvius’ basilica at Fano. It has also been noted that Vitruvius considered these to be worthy proportions. This graph makes clear that others did too; c. 13% of the total count follow the Fano proportions.

ChronologiCal distriBution

Although the total frequency of use of these proportions is noteworthy, the data refined by date, place, and size provide an understanding of when, where, and under what circumstance these proportions were most likely to be used. From this it can be determined whether this phenomenon is specific to time or location or size. Table 3 lists known basilicas from the Republican era. Their ratios are plotted in Graph 3. With a total count of 7 basilicas with published dimensions only the broadest of conclusions may be drawn. Only three out of seven, i.e., c. 43%, conform to Vitruvius’ norm. This is somewhat surprising in that one would think that with Vitruvius discussing building design at some point during the early to mid Augustan period, Republican basilicas would be the most likely to conform with Vitruvian parameters of what is normal.

Table 4 and Graph 4 are the list and plot of basilicas from the Augustan period, 20 of which are published with overall dimensions 13.There is a greater distribution of ratios employed but most striking are the foci at 0.39 and 0.61. These represent 13 of the total from this period, i.e. 65%. The focus at 0.61 has the largest count at 7 or 35% of the total. This indicates that slightly more than one out of every three basilicas built during the Augustan period followed the Fano proportions. It would seem that Vitruvius’ design scheme was quite popular. It should also be noted that 71% of these are found in the Italian peninsula. Of the 9 basilicas built on the Italian peninsula during this period, 56% were of the Fano proportions. Although it should be emphasized that the data for Republican era basilicas is quite small, the focus at 0.39 is unattested during that period. It is striking that in the Augustan period it is the second most common with 6 occurrences and represents 30% of all basilicas built. Half of them are found in Iberia and one more in adjacent Narbonensis. Although c. 45% of all Augustan era basilicas fall within the Vitruvian parameters, the Augustan period appears to have been a time of innovation in basilica design and it appears that those innovations were popular.

Table 5 lists the known basilicas from the Julio-Claudian period. Graph 5 shows the dominant foci for the ratio of width to length to have been at 0.44 and 0.61. Both have three occurrences and each represents 23% of the total count of 13. During this period, more basilicas conform to the normal parameters than do not but the difference is only 1, i.e., 7 conform which is c. 54% of the total and 6 do not which is 46%.

The combination of the Augustan and Julio-Claudian periods produces a corpus of 33 basilicas with known or restorable dimensions of width and length (Table 6). Graph 6 shows that the proportions most commonly used are 0.39 and 0.61. With 10 occurrences, 0.61 represents 30% of the total. 0.39, with 7 occurrences represents 21%. One out of every two basilicas built during this period were either 0.39 or 0.61 in proportion. It is noteworthy that 15 of the 33 built during this era are found within the Italian peninsula. This is 45% of the total. The proportion 0.39 was employed solely in the Italian and Iberian peninsulas and those built in the Italian peninsula are 43% of that total. Although the 0.61 proportion was used more widely, appearing not only in the Italian and Iberian peninsulas but also in three additional provinces, 60%

13. Although both the Basilica Julia and the Basilica Aemelia underwent significant renovations in the Augustan period, for the purposes of this study they are considered to be of the Republican era, i.e. their overall dimensions were not changed or changed little.


are found in the Italian peninsula. Perhaps more striking is that of the 14 basilicas built in the Italian peninsula, 6 are of the 0.61 proportion or 43% and 3 are of the 0.39 proportion, i.e. 21%. Approximately two out of every three basilicas built in Italy were then either 0.39 or 0.61 and of those, more than twice as many were of the 0.61 ratio. Eight basilicas with known proportions were built in Iberia during this period. Of those two were of the 0.39 proportions, 25% of the total, and one was 0.61. In Iberia only one out of three were of these proportions.

The basilicas from the Flavian Period and those of a non-specific First Century CE date are a group of 25, of which 19 have published dimensions. The data are listed in Table 7 and plotted in Graph 7. 0.61 is again one of two peaks but with a total occurrence of three it is only c. 16% of the total. The other peak is at 0.26 also at c. 16% of the total. Only four of the 19, or 21%, fall within the Vitruvian norm. There are no occurrences of 0.39.

Table 8 is the complete listing of the Augustan and First Century CE basilicas, 63 in all. Graph 8 is the plot of the foci of those basilicas with known dimensions, 52 total. During this period the most common proportion is 0.61 with 13 occurrences and representing 25% of the total. The next most common is 0.39 with 7 occurrences representing 13%. 0.26 and 0.33 follow both with 5 occurrences or c. 10% each. Over half, c. 58%, of all basilicas built during this period are one of these four and one out of every four are of the Fano proportions. 20 follow the norm described by Vitruvius, i.e. 38%. The data suggest that the general design scheme based upon proportional parameters had been replaced by a group of preferred proportions. Considerable variation, however, is documented which indicates architects maintained significant freedom in design.

Table 9 is the list of basilicas built during the Second Century CE, 40 total. Of those 32 have recorded dimensions and their foci are plotted in Graph 9. Although the group is large, specific dating is limited thus making it difficult to spot or analyze trends during the reigns of specific emperors or dynasties. Even with these limitations it is quite clear that the interest in the Fano proportions dropped drastically. There is a single occurrence, roughly 3% of the total. 0.39 is the most common having seven occurrences, c. 22%. The next greatest is at 0.33 with six occurrences or 19%, followed by 0.44 with four, 12.5%, and then 0.30 with three, 9%. These four foci are 62.5% of the total. Although there is a fairly wide spread of proportions used, roughly two out of every three basilicas built during the Second Century CE was of the group 0.30, 0.33, 0.39, and 0.44. 19 out of the 32 follow the normal parameters, 59%, far exceeding the frequency demonstrated during the lifetime of Vitruvius.

Table 10 is the list of basilicas built during the Third Century CE. There are nine total and seven with published dimensions. Immediately noticeable is the drop in the number of basilicas built during this period. The causes of such a drop are beyond the scope of this statistical study but the drop is marked. The distribution is nearly even with all having two occurrences except for 0.33 which has one. Five of the nine, i.e. 56%, fall within the parameters of the norm. With such a small corpus, however, it is difficult to say whether or not the parameters are being followed or if specific proportions were popular. There are no occurrences of 0.61.

There are ten known occurrences of basilicas built during the Fourth Century CE. Of those, only five have published dimensions. Table 11 lists these basilicas and Graph 11 plots the foci of those with published dimensions. Again the distribution is even but there are only three foci, 0.39, 0.48, and 0.68. Three of the five, 60%, are within the normal parameters.

ChronologiCal trends

During the Republican period, ratios of approximately 1:2 and 4:9 are more common than anything else and represent c. 71% of the total. During the Augustan period two ratios clearly dominate, 0.39 and 0.61. 65% of all basilicas built during this period were of either one or the other. The ratio of approximately 1:2 persists but it represents only 10% of recorded basilicas built. During the Julio-Claudian period, the distribution is more even but 0.61 continued to have been one of two most popular, the other being 0.44. During the Augustan and Julio-Claudian periods there is a wide distribution but 0.39 and 0.61 are far more common than anything else representing c. 52% of the total. 0.61 is the most common and accounts for 30% of the total. During the Flavian period including those basilicas with an imprecise First Century CE date, 0.26 and 0.61 are the most common but 0.21, 0.33, 0.52, and 0.56 each have only one less occurrence. Basilicas with proportions of roughly 1:2 are as common as those of 0.26 and 0.61. During the period beginning with Augustus and continuing throughout the First Century 0.61 is used far more often than any other proportion, nearly twice as often as the other most common, 0.39. 25% of all basilicas built during this period were of the Fano proportions. 0.39 represents 13.5% of the total


as do those basilicas with a ratio of c. 1:2. This indicates that approximately one out of two basilicas would be of these proportions, i.e. 0.39, 0.50, and 0.61.

In the Second Century, there is a dramatic shift. The use of 0.61 nearly disappears with only a single instance. The two most common are 0.33 and 0.39 and represent c. 41% of the total. The so called normal proportions dominate this period with 59% employing them. There is a small number of basilicas known from the Third Century but of those none are of the Fano proportions. 0.39 is present as is c. 1:2. Again we find the normal proportions dominate with 56% of the total. So few pagan basilicas are known from the Fourth Century, five, that one must be cautious in anything said but, there are no instances of 0.61 and with the exception of the two instances of uses of the proportions of the Basilica Nova, the other three are within the norm. It can be said then that the use of the Fano proportions is the dominant trend during the Augustan period and the First Century CE but after that, there was virtually no interest.

geographiCal distriBution

The same data will now be considered by geographical location. Table 12 lists the basilicas organized by region and province. Table 13 lists the basilicas on the Italian peninsula sorted by ratio and Graph 12 plots those with recorded dimensions. There are 61 known or suspected basilicas on the Italian peninsula and of them 32 have published dimensions. Latium has the greatest number, 14, followed in order by regions IV with 8, and I, VII and X, each with 7. The dominant ratios are 0.44 and 0.61 each with seven occurrences or approximately 22% of the total. The next greatest is at 0.39 with four occurrences and 12.5% of the total. These three represent c. 56% of the basilicas on the peninsula. 47% conform to the normal proportions.

Table 14 lists the basilicas of the Western empire outside of the Italian peninsula, 74 total and 57 with published dimensions, sorted by proportion. Graph 13 is the plot of those basilicas omitting 0.14 and 1.00 since neither are part of any cluster. The greatest concentration is at 0.39 with 10 iterations and representing c. 18% of the total. The next highest total is six at 0.33 with c. 11% followed by 0.26, 0.30, 0.48, 0.52, and 0.61 all with five occurrences and each representing c. 10%. This group of seven foci represents 72% of the total. There is a more diverse spread than previous groupings, in spite of the spike at 0.39.

Table 15 lists the basilicas of the Eastern empire, 19 in all and 17 with recorded dimensions. Graph 14 plots the foci. Three have only a single occurrence each, 0.17, 0.30, and 0.92. The rest have at least two and 0.33 and 0.39 have three or c. 18% each. There are two instances of 0.61, c. 12%, both in Ancient Corinth. C. 59% fall within the normal parameters.

geographiCal trends

The ratio represented by 0.61 is more common in the Italian peninsula than anywhere else with approximately one out of every four being of the Fano proportions. Although there are more iterations of this foci in the Western empire, 5, as compared to the Eastern, 2, by percentage of total, they are more common in the East than in the West. With the East at c. 12% and the West at c. 9%, the difference is not that large and we should probably consider the frequency of both to be roughly one in ten. This indicates that a basilica with the Fano proportions is roughly 2 1/2 times more likely to occur in the Italian peninsula than elsewhere in the empire.

The focus with the greatest overall number of occurrences is 0.39 with a total of 18. In the Italian peninsula it is c. 15% of the total; in the Western empire, c. 17%; and in the Eastern Empire, c. 18%. Although it is slightly less likely to occur in the peninsula, empire wide the rate of occurrence is fairly consistent at c. one out of every six.

distriBution By sCale

Table 16 lists the data sorted by overall size in square meters. The range is from 104.40 m² in Portus Magnus to 6240 m² in the Basilica Nova in Rome. The average is c. 1187.09 m² and the median is 905.125 m². Tables 17- 23 list the data from the seven most commonly occurring ratios, 0.39, 0.61, 0.33, 0.44, 0.26, 0.48, and 0.52, listed in descending order of frequency.


Table 17 lists those basilicas of the 0.39 ratio, 17 in all. The smallest is 368.90 m² and the largest 3196.80 m². The average is 1423.31 m² and the median 1392 m². 65% of this group are in excess of 1250 m² which would suggest that, although smaller buildings are not excluded, 0.39 is a proportion more likely used by basilicas larger than the norm.

Table 18 is the group of basilicas clustered at 0.61, 14 in all. They range in size from 346.92 m² to 1398.96 m². The average size is 787.85 m² and the median 803.2 m². On average, the basilicas of the 0.61 ratio are a little more than half the size, c. 56%, of those of the 0.39 ratio. The Fano basilica, the largest of the 0.61 group, at roughly 1400 m² is of average size of the 0.39 group.

The basilicas of the 0.33 focus are listed in Table 19. There are 12 in this cluster and they range from a small of 338.00 m² to a large of 2586.80 m². The average size is 1250.82 m² and the median is c. 1256.5 m². Three quarters of this group are larger than 1000 m².

There are 11 basilicas in the cluster at 0.44 and they are listed in Table 20. They range from 551.03 m² to 3649 m² in size with an average size of 1492.04 m² and a median of 1340.15 m². 64% of this group are greater in size than 1190 m².

Table 21 lists the cluster at 0.26 which has a count of 8 basilicas. They range in size from 217.50 m² to 2837.41 m², have an average size of 1503.48 m², and a median of c. 1666.25 m². 75% of this cluster are greater in size than 1000 m² and 38% are greater than 2000 m².

The cluster at 0.48 with a count of 8 is listed in Table 22. In size they range from 262 m² to 6202.10 m², have an average size of 1383.80 m², and a median of c. 692.75 m². 75% of this cluster are smaller in size than 1190 m². The Basilica Ulpia is so huge (only one other pagan basilica, the Basilica Nova, is of the same scale and size) that the median is much closer to the typical size of this cluster than the average. If the Basilica Ulpia is not counted, the average of this cluster is 699.76 m².

Table 23 lists the basilicas of the cluster at 0.52, 8 in all. They range from 325 m² to 3611.02 m², average 1147.60 m², and have a median of c. 946.46 m². We find again a largest example that is significantly larger than any of the others. The basilica at Carthage is c. 3 times as large as the next largest, that at Sabratha.

general trends By sCale

The basilicas which employ the ratios represented by 0.26, 0.33, 0.39, and 0.44 tend to be larger than the overall median of c. 905 m² although each includes examples significantly smaller. In general, these are proportionally narrower buildings which suggests the desire for a larger building necessitated a longer building. The determinate here may well have been the limits of span, i.e. the maximum distance that could be spanned and remain structurally sound.

The basilicas of the foci at 0.48 and 0.52 average greater than 1000 m². Both, however, include an example significantly larger than any of the others in the clusters. Without those extremes, the average sizes of the two are c. 700 m² and 796 m² respectively. These are less than the overall overage, c. 59% and 67% respectively; however, it should be noted that for the foci at 0.52, half are larger than the median.

For the focus at 0.61, c. 79% are at the median or less. Of the three that are larger than the median, none exceeds 1400 m². One is c. 1.15 times the median, one c. 1.24, and the largest, the basilica at Fano, c. 1.55. Basilicas of this proportion are for the most part modest in size for the entire Roman period with 71% of them falling between c. 500 and 900 m².

The data suggest that if the architect were to design a larger structure he would likely have used ratios of 0.26, 0.33, 0.39, and 0.44. 0.26 and 0.44 would more likely have been used for the largest. The ratio represented by 0.52 is ambiguous. It was as likely to be used in a basilica less than the median as it was to be used in one greater than the median. The ratios of 0.48 and 0.61 were more likely to be used in basilicas smaller in size than the median. For 0.48 this was c. 63% of the time and for 0.61 it was c. 67%.


general trends in sCale By tiMe periods

Tables 24-33 present the data organized by area and by time period. Graph 15 presents the averages and medians for the 10 time periods. Although the largest basilicas were built primarily in the Second, Third, and Fourth Centuries 14,the basilicas built during the Republican period were on average larger than those of any subsequent period. After this and throughout the First Century CE, the average size of basilicas and their median was progressively smaller. The Second, Third, and Fourth Centuries returned to and in the cases of the Second and Fourth Centuries surpassed the average size of those of the Augustan period. In all the periods but for the Republican there is considerable diversity in the overall size of basilicas built.

Table 24 is a list of the Republican period basilicas sorted by size. The average size is 1665.3 m² and the median 1320.00 m². Of the seven basilicas from this period, 71% are larger than 1190 m². The other two are at or greater than c. 956 m².

Table 25 lists the Augustan period basilicas sorted by size. The average is 1157.93 m² and the median 955.5 m². Although it is during the Augustan period that the largest of the basilicas of the Fano proportions is built, the average is 869.9 m². This is only c. 75% of the average size for this period. The median for 0.61 is 859.93 m² which is c. 90% of the overall median. As for 0.39, the average is 1322.75 m² and the median 1416 m². Thus, on average, the 0.61 basilicas are c. 2/3 the size of the 0.39 and by median, c. 61% of the size. These two proportions represent 48% of all the basilicas from this period.

Table 26 is the list of basilicas from the Republican and Augustan periods, i.e. those basilicas in use during the Augustan period. The basilicas of these periods are 1157.59 m² on average and the median is 955.5 m². The average size of the 0.61 ratio is c. 75% of the overall average and c. 90% of the median. The 0.39 ratio is in size 114% of the average and 136% of the median.

The basilicas of the Julio-Claudian period are listed in Table 27. The average size of these buildings is 938.35 m² and the median 1040.76 m². The average size of the three basilicas of the 0.61 proportion is 719.28 m² and the median 579.5 m² both smaller than the group as a whole, c. 77% and 56% respectively. The focus at 0.44 is as prevalent as 0.61 during this period but the average and median size is greater, 1171.26 m² and 1090 m² respectively. Compared to the average and median of the period, 0.44 is 125% of the average and 105% of the median. The single occurrence of the 0.39 focus is one of the two smallest structures of this group, 475.73 m² and is 51% the average size.

In Table 28 the Augustan and Julio-Claudian periods are listed. The average sized basilica of this group is 963.47 m² and the median is 958.88 m². The average sized building of the 0.61 focus is 824.71 m² and the median is 804.29 m². The average size of the buildings of the 0.39 focus is 1327.24 m² and the median is 1416 m². That is, the basilicas of the 0.61 focus are c. 86% of the size of the group average and those of the 0.39 focus are c. 138%.

The Flavian period and those basilicas of an imprecise date in the First Century are listed in Table 29. The average size of the buildings in this group is 847.59 m² and the median is 661.50 m². The average size of the basilicas of the 0.61 proportion is 642.27 m² and the median is 674.68 m². Although the overall average size is smaller than in the first three quarters of the First Century, the average size of the 0.61 group is smaller still, c. 76% of the size of the group at large.

Table 30 lists the basilicas from the Augustan period and the complete First Century. The average size is 994.45 m² and the median is 851.84 m². For the group of the 0.61 ratio the average size is 782.47 m² and the median 748.65 m². That is, on average the basilicas of the 0.61 ratio are c. 79% the average size of all basilicas during this period. For those of the 0.39 ratio during this period, the average size is 1201.74 m² and the median 1392.00 m². These basilicas are on average c. 21% larger than the average for this period.

The basilicas from the Second Century are listed in Table 31. The average size during this period is 1343.25 m² and the median is 951.38 m². There is only a single occurrence of the 0.61 proportions during the Second Century and its size, 857.75 m², is only c. 64% of the norm. The focus with the greatest number of occurrences is 0.39. The average size for this focus is 1460.26 m² and the median is 1383.75 m². The focus with the second largest cluster is 0.33 with an average size

14. The Basilica Iulia first built during the 2nd Century BCE and rebuilt during the Augustan period is a notable exception.


of 857.42 m² and a median of 775.63 m². The average size of this group is nearly identical with that of the single incident of the 0.61 proportions.

Only a small number of basilicas appear to have been built during the Third Century. There are only nine occurrences in the catalog. Of these seven have published dimensions. Those structures are listed in Table 32 and have an average size of 1660.4 m² and a median of 1861.5 m².

The Fourth Century was also a time when few pagan basilicas were built. The data are printed in Table 33. There are only 10 in the catalog and of those only five have published dimensions. The average size is 1248.02 m² and the median 566.3 m². The Basilica Nova, however, the largest pagan basilica built, was c. four times the size of the next largest in this small group and hence, raises the average size of this group considerably.

findings and ConClusions

The examination of the data included in the catalog of basilicas with published dimensions has revealed several significant trends. These trends become apparent when the data is considered by form, date, place, and size. The basic form of the basilica is that of the ratio of the width to the length, for convenience represented as decimals. Date and place are self explanatory. Size is the area of each basilica as calculated in square meters.

A scatter plot of the proportional ratios reveals two things: 1) there is great diversity in the proportions used and 2) even so, there are clusters of what would seem to be have been preferred proportions. Those clusters, in decimal form, are: 0.17, 0.21, 0.26, 0.30, 0.33, 0.39, 0.44, 0.48, 0.52, 0.56, 0.61, 0.68, 0.72, and 0.78. Of these, the ones with the greatest frequency of use are: 0.26, 0.33, 0.39, 0.48, 0.52, and 0.61. The most commonly used, in descending order of frequency, are: 0.39, 0.61, 0.33, and 0.44. These four foci account for 57 of the corpus of 106 basilicas with published dimensions, i.e., c. 54%. The two most common, 0.39 and 0.61, represent 33 out of the total or c. 31%.

During the Augustan period, the ratio of 0.39 first appears. This ratio is the most commonly used ratio during the empire and during the Augustan period it is only surpassed in use by that of 0.61. This latter is that of the Fano basilica, the one which Vitruvius designed and the one in which he took particular pride. During the Augustan period its use dominates. Of all the basilicas built during the Augustan period, roughly 1 out of every 3 (c. 32%) employed the Fano proportions. 27% employed the ratio represented by the decimal 0.39. These two ratios account for 59% of the Augustan era basilicas. That these two were so dominant during this period indicates a clear preference towards them.

During the Julio-Claudian periods, there is a more even distribution. The two dominant ratios are 0.44 and 0.61, each with c. 23% of the total. There is only a single incidence of the 0.39 proportion.

During the Flavian period including those basilicas from the First Century with imprecise dates, 0.61 continues to be one of two peaks, however, the number of iterations is again relatively small, i.e. 3. The other peak is at 0.26. More interesting is the fact that there are no known occurrences of 0.39.

If we consider the entire First century as a whole including the pre-Common Era Augustan occurrences, we find that 0.61 is by far the most commonly used proportion with nearly twice as many occurrences as 0.39, 13 and 7 respectively. For this period, approximately one out of every four basilicas was built in accordance with the Fano proportions.

For the entire Second century there is only a single occurrence of the 0.61 proportion. This is a dramatic turn around from the First century. The most commonly used proportion during the Second century is 0.39 closely followed by 0.33.

Apparently, few basilicas were constructed during the Third century. None were of the 0.61 proportion and only two of the 0.39 proportion. 0.26 and 0.56 were as common as 0.39. Even fewer pagan basilicas were built in the Fourth century. One was of the 0.39 proportion; two of the 0.48; and two of 0.68. There were no instances of 0.61.

In examining the basilicas geographically, we find that the most common type built on the Italian peninsula was that of 0.61. The next most common were 0.39 and 0.44, followed by 0.33 and 0.52. For the Western Empire excluding the Italian peninsula, the most common was 0.39 followed by 0.33. Next, with equal representation, are 0.26, 0.30, 0.48, 0.52, and 0.61. In the Eastern Empire, far fewer basilicas were built than in the west, 19 vs. 67 respectively. The most common proportions used were 0.33 and 0.39. These were followed by 0.26, 0.44, 0.48, and 0.61 each with two occurrences. The two occurrence of 0.61 were both in Corinth.


When considered by size, we find that the median is c. 905 m² and the average is c. 1183 m². C. 54% are less than 1000 m² and 46% greater. C. 28% are greater than 500 m² and less than 1000 m². For the most common ratio, 0.39, the average is 1414.81 m² and 65% of all basilicas of this ratio are larger than 1000 m². The next most common ratio, 0.61, has an average size of 789.88 m². Of this group 79% are smaller than 1000 m². The ratios of 0.33, 0.44, and 0.026 all have averages greater than 1000 m² and for 0.44 and 0.26 the average is greater than 1500 m². Both 0.48 and 0.52 have averages greater than 1000 m² but each has one in its cluster significantly larger than the others. For 0.48 this is the Basilica Ulpia with just over 6200 m² and for 0.52 it is the basilica in Carthage with over 3600 m². 75% of the 0.48 basilicas are less than 1000 m² and 50% of the 0.52 basilicas. If the Basilica Ulpia and the basilica at Carthage are omitted from their respective groups, the average size of 0.48 is 695.48 m² and that of 0.52 is 795.68 m².

When considering average size by period it is clear that in the Augustan period when 0.39 and 0.61 are the most common proportions used, 0.39 tended to be used for basilicas larger than average size and 0.61 for basilicas smaller than average. This is true for the rest of the First century even though the average size of all basilicas decreases during the period. When the average basilica size increases in the Second century, interest in 0.61 has for the most part disappeared.

Although it is likely more can be mined from these data, the following is clear. The proportions used by Vitruvius in his basilica at Fano were not a one off. Rather, he seems to have been a trend setter, a trend that lasted from Augustan times throughout the First century. These proportions were most commonly used on the Italian peninsula but appeared both in the east and west of the empire throughout the empire. The basilicas that used these proportions tended to be smaller than the average during the periods when they were most popular. This may be surprising when one considers the special use Vitruvius describes for his basilica at Fano, i.e., to house activities of the imperial cult. If it is the case, as it most certainly is in the Julian Basilica in Corinth (see fig. 1 and 2), the other basilicas using these proportions also were in part devoted to the imperial cult. In this context the cult appeared in buildings of modest size. Also, if it is true that the other basilicas using these proportions housed the imperial cult, then, regardless of whether these basilicas were built by imperial or local benefaction, the appearance of basilicas of this type documents the rise of and increasing interest in the imperial cult, most notably in the Italian peninsula.

Bibliographical References

Alzinger, W. (1989): “Vitruvius Basilika und der archäologische Befund”, Bulletin Antieke Beschaving Supplement 2, 212-16. In Munus Non Ingratum, Dresden.

Balty, J.-Ch. (1991): Curia Ordinis, Buxelles.

Carter, J. (1989): “Civic and Other Buildings”, Roman Public Buildings, 31-65, Exeter.

Casteels, E. (1976): “La Basilique d’Ordona”, Ordona V, 33-61. Bruxelles - Rome.

Coulton, J. J. (1982): Ancient Greek Architects at Work: Problems of Structure and Design, Cornell.

Gros, P. (1996-2001): L’architecture romaine du début du iiie siècle av. J.-C. à la fin du Haut-Empire, Paris.

— (1983): “La Basilique de Forum Selon Vitruve : La Norme et L’Expérimentation”, Bauplanung und Bautheorie der Antike, 49-69.

Nünnerich-Asmus, A. (1994): Basilika und Portikus. Die Architektur der Säulenhallen als Ausdruck gewandelter Urbanität in später Republik u. früher Kaiserzeit, Cologne.

Ohr, K. (1975): “Die Form der Basilika bei Vitruv”, Bonner Jahrbuch 175, 113-27.

Romano, D. G. (2003): “City Planning, Centuriation, and Land Division”, Corinth, The Centenary 1896-1996, Corinth XX.

Scotton, P. D. (1997): The Julian Basilica: An Architectural Investigation, University of Pennsylvania diss.

Walthew, C.V. (2002): A Metrological Study of the Early Roman Basilicas, Lewiston - Queenston - Lampeter.

Wilson Jones, M. (2000): Principles of Roman Architecture , Yale University Press, London - New Haven.


|

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| Graph 2. Foci of Ratios of Width to Length Shown as Decimals.

| Graph 3. Republican Period Frequency of the Foci.


| Graph 4. Augustan Period Frequency of the Foci.

| Graph 5. Julio-Claudian Period Frequency of the Foci.


| Graph 6. Augustan and Julio-Claudian Periods Frequency of the Foci.

| Graph 7. Flavian Period and Non-Specific 1st Century CE Frequency of the Foci.


| Graph 8. Augustan Period and 1st Century CE Frequency of the Foci.

| Graph 9. 2nd Century CE Frequency of the Foci.


| Graph 10. 3rd Century CE Frequency of the Foci.

| Graph 11. 4th Century CE Frequency of the Foci.


| Graph 12. Italian Peninsula Frequency of the Foci.

| Graph 13. Western Empire Excluding the Italian Peninsula Frequency of the Foci.


| Graph 14. Eastern Empire Frequency of the Foci.

| Graph 15. Average and Median Areas by Time Period.


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46.1

0.45

958.

88Cla

udia

n?

Ach

aia

Min

turn

oM

intu

rnae

2658

0.45

1508

.00

2C C

E (

Had

rian

ic)

Latiu

m

Pom

pei

iPom

pei

i24

.554

.70.

4513

40.1

5Rep

ublic

an ((1

30-1

20)

I

Rom

aRom

e-Iu

lia41

890.

4636

49.0

0Rep

ublic

an/A

ugu

stan

Latiu

m

Soca

nic

eM

unic

ipiu

m D

ardan

oru

m(-

icum

)14

.330

.40.

4743

4.72

2C C

E (

2/2)

Moes

ia S

up.

Tad

mor

Pal

myr

a35

750.

4726

2.00

1-3C

CE

Syria

St. Rem

yG

lanum

21.4

44.5

0.48

952.

30Augu

stan

Nar

bonen

sis

Rom

aRom

e-U

lpia

54.5

113.

80.

4862

02.1

02C

CE (

Tra

janic

)La

tium

.../.

..


oder

n N

ame

Site

Wid

thLe

ngt

hW

/Lm

²D

ate

Reg

/Pro

v

Sago

nte

Sagu

ntu

m18

.337

.80.

4869

1.74

Augu

stan

Tar

raco

nen

sis

Trier

Augu

sta

Tre

vero

rum

27.5

456

.13

0.49

1545

.82

4C C

E (

1/4)

Bel

gica

Mar

tigny

Oct

oduru

s (F

oru

m C

laudii)

218

.537

.50.

4969

3.75

1C C

E (

Cla

udia

n)

Rae

tia

Dje

mila

Cuic

ul-Ve

stia

ria

1224

0.50

288.

004C

CE (

367/

372)

Num

idia

Trier

Augu

sta

Tre

vero

rum

I13

250.

5232

5.00

1C C

EBel

gica

Byr

saCar

thag

e43

.36

83.2

80.

5236

11.0

22C

CE (

2/2)

Afr

ica

Pro

con.

Linte

rno

Lite

rnum

24.5

470.

5211

51.5

0Rep

ublic

anI

Luni

Luna-

S. B

ldg.

15.9

30.5

0.52

484.

951C

CE?

VII

Tim

gad

Tham

uga

di

1529

0.52

435.

002C

CE (

Tra

j/H

adrian

ic)

Num

idia

Ard

eaArd

ea23

.845

.80.

5310

90.0

4Rep

ublic

an (10

0-80

)La

tium

Zouag

ha

Sabra

tha

I26

.448

.50.

5412

80.4

01C

CE (

70-8

0)Tripolit

ania

Kas

ar P

har

aoun

Volu

bili

s20

.838

.60.

5480

2.88

3C C

E (

Seve

ran)

Mau

reta

nia

Lepci

sLe

ptis

Mag

na-

Vetu

s25

.245

.50.

5511

46.6

01C

CE (

1/2)

Tripolis

M’D

aouro

uch

Mad

aura

-Vet

us

8.2

14.6

0.56

119.

723C

CE (

Seve

ran)

Afr

ica

Pro

con.

Zouag

ha

Sabra

tha

II27

500.

5613

50.0

0?

Tripolis

Bolo

nia

Bae

lo C

laudia

18.3

31.6

0.58

262.

281C

CE (

ca. 70

)Ib

eria

Kem

pte

nCam

bodunum

23.6

44.1

0.59

1040

.76

3/4

1C C

EBel

gica

Pes

toPae

stum

22.6

38.0

50.

5985

9.93

Augu

stan

(1-

3 CE)

III

Rose

lleRuse

llae

17.6

29.4

0.60

517.

44Augu

stoTib

eria

nVII

(Anci

ent) C

orinth

Corinth

-Julia

n23

.55

38.4

30.

6190

5.03

1C C

E (

1/10

)Ach

aia

(Anci

ent) C

orinth

Corinth

-South

23.5

038

.52

0.61

905.

221C

CE (

4/4)

Ach

aia

Vosg

esG

rand (

Andes

ina?

)20

.233

.40.

6167

4.68

1C C

E (

end)

Lugd

unen

sis

Sepin

oSa

epin

ium

18.1

29.7

0.61

535.

761C

CE (

Tib

eria

n+)

IV

Mag

dal

ensb

erg

Virunum

?18

.129

.60.

6153

5.76

Augu

stan

Noricu

m

Bav

aiBag

acum

14.7

23.6

0.62

346.

921C

CE

Bel

gica

Vale

ria

Vale

ria

1930

.50.

6257

9.50

1C C

E (

Cla

udia

n)

Tar

raco

nen

sis

Fano

Fanum

Fortunae

29.5

747

.31

0.63

1398

.96

Augu

stan

VI

Fasa

no

Gnat

hia

21.7

34.5

0.63

748.

65Augu

stan

II

Ord

ona

Her

donia

26.7

542

.00

0.64

1123

.50

Augu

stan

(3/

2 BCE)

II

Antic

a O

stia

Ost

ia23

.536

.50.

6485

7.75

2C C

E (

152)

Latiu

m

Zouag

ha

Sabra

tha-

Nova

19.8

28.6

0.67

566.

282/

2 4C

CE

Tripolis

Rom

aRom

a-Bas

ilica

Nova

6596

0.68

6240

.00

4C A

C (

post

31

3)La

tium

Cap

ena

Lucu

s Fe

ronia

e13

.619

.60.

6926

6.56

1C C

E (

/14-

20)

VII

Tak

embrit

Sigu

s/Si

ga19

.627

.75

0.71

543.

902C

CE (

1/4)

Num

idia

.../.

..


Moder

n N

ame

Site

Wid

thLe

ngt

hW

/Lm

²D

ate

Reg

/Pro

v

Kham

issa

Thuburs

icum

-Vet

us

28.4

39.1

0.73

1110

.44

2C C

EN

um

idia

Anse

donia

Cosa

27.3

350.

7895

5.50

Rep

ublic

an (15

0 BCE)

VII

Sange

min

iCar

sula

e23

290.

7966

7.00

1C C

EVI

Shaq

qa

Shaq

qa

18.3

19.8

0.92

362.

342C

CE (

4/4)

Syria

Bulla

Reg

iaBulla

Reg

ia-1

23?

231.

0052

9.00

2C C

E (

Had

rian

ic)

Afr

ica

Moder

n N

ame

Site

Lengt

hW

idth

W/L

m²

Dat

eReg

/Pro

v

Rom

aRom

e-Aem

elia

95.6

22.5

0.24

2151

.00

Rep

ublic

an/A

ugu

stan

Latiu

m

Pal

estrin

aPra

enes

te55

240.

4413

20.0

0Rep

ublic

an (2C

BCE)

Latiu

m

Pom

pei

iPom

pei

i54

.724

.50.

4513

40.1

5Rep

ublic

an ((1

30-1

20)

I

Rom

aRom

e-Iu

lia89

410.

4636

49.0

0Rep

ublic

an/A

ugu

stan

Latiu

m

Linte

rno

Lite

rnum

4724

.50.

5211

51.5

0Rep

ublic

anI

Ard

eaArd

ea45

.823

.80.

5310

90.0

4Rep

ublic

an (10

0-80

BCE)

Latiu

m

Anse

donia

Cosa

3527

.30.

7895

5.50

Rep

ublic

an (15

0 BCE)

VII

Car

soli

Car

seoli

--

-Rep

ublic

anIV

Sezz

aSe

tia-

--

Rep

ublic

anLa

tium

Tiv

oli

Tib

ur

-25

.6-

Rep

ublic

anLa

tium

Ala

tri

Ale

triu

m-

--

Rep

ublic

an (13

0-12

0 BCE)

Latiu

m

Alfed

ena

Aufiden

a-

--

Rep

ublic

an (3C

BCE)

IV

Copia

Copia

/Thurii

--

-Rep

ublic

an (ea

rly1

C B

CE)

III

Monte

sarc

hio

Cau

diu

m-

--

Rep

ublic

an (m

id1C

BCE)

II

|

Table

2. Rat

ios

of W

idth

to L

engt

h P

rese

nte

d a

s D

ecim

als.

|

Table

3. Rep

ublic

an P

erio

d.


oder

n N

ame

Site

Lengt

hW

idth

W/L

m²

Dat

eReg

/Pro

v

Am

purias

Em

porion

508.

40.

1742

0.00

Augu

stan

Tar

raco

nen

sis

Civ

idal

eFo

rum

Iulii

37.4

7.85

0.21

293.

59Augu

stan

(1C

BCE)

X

Mar

tigny

Oct

oduru

s (F

oru

m C

laudii)

156

.512

0.21

678.

00Augu

stan

?Rae

tia

Coru

na

del

Conde

Clu

nia

83.6

25.4

0.30

2123

.44

Augu

stan

Tar

raco

nen

sis

Velle

iaVe

leia

35.3

11.7

0.33

413.

01Augu

stan

(15

BCE)

VII

I

Tar

raco

Tar

rago

na

74.8

27.6

0.37

2064

.48

Augu

stan

+Tar

raco

nen

sis

Ast

org

aAst

urica

Augu

sta

6625

.50.

3916

83.0

0Augu

stan

Tar

raco

nen

sis

Luni

Luna

6024

0.40

1440

.00

Augu

stoTib

eria

nVII

Cas

tel R

ousi

llion

Rusc

ino

47.8

190.

4090

8.20

Augu

stan

?N

arbonen

sis

Ben

evag

ienna

Augu

sta

Bag

iennoru

m58

240.

4113

92.0

0Augu

stan

IX

Coim

bra

Conim

briga

133

13.6

0.41

448.

80Augu

stan

Lusi

tania

St. Rem

yG

lanum

44.5

21.4

0.48

952.

30Augu

stan

Nar

bonen

sis

Sago

nte

Sagu

ntu

m37

.818

.30.

4869

1.74

Augu

stan

Tar

raco

nen

sis

Pes

toPae

stum

38.0

522

.60.

5985

9.93

Augu

stan

(1-

3 CE)

III

Rose

lleRuse

llae

29.4

17.6

0.60

517.

44Augu

stoTib

eria

nVII

(Anci

ent) C

orinth

Corinth

-Julia

n38

.43

23.5

50.

6190

5.03

Augu

stan

(2

BCE-4

/5 C

E)

Ach

aia

Mag

dal

ensb

erg

Virunum

?29

.618

.10.

6153

5.76

Augu

stan

Noricu

m

Fano

Fanum

Fortunae

47.3

129

.57

0.63

1398

.96

Augu

stan

VI

Fasa

no

Gnat

hia

34.5

21.7

0.63

748.

65Augu

stan

II

Ord

ona

Her

donia

42.0

026

.75

0.64

1123

.50

Augu

stan

(3/

2 BCE)

II

Cin

goli

Cin

gulu

m-

--

Augu

stan

(1C

BCE)

V

Pouzz

ole

sPute

oli

--

-Augu

stan

I

|

Table

4. Augu

stan

Per

iod.


Moder

n N

ame

Site

Lengt

hW

idth

W/L

m²

Dat

eReg

/Pro

v

Vid

y-Va

ud

Louso

nna

69.5

170.

2411

81.5

01C

CE (

2/4)

Nar

bonen

sis

Citl

uk

Aeq

uum

, Colo

nia

Cla

udia

59.5

200.

3411

90.0

01C

CE (

Cla

udia

n?)

Dal

mat

ia

Feurs

Foru

m S

egusi

avoru

m67

.523

.30.

3515

72.7

51C

CE (

Tib

eria

n)

Gau

l

Monte

ner

odom

oIu

vanum

36.0

413

.20.

3747

5.73

1C C

E (

Julio

-Cla

udia

n)

IV

Ave

zzan

oAlb

a Fu

cens

5021

.80.

4410

90.0

01C

CE (

1/2)

IV

Vols

inii

Bols

ena

5725

.70.

4514

64.9

01C

CE (

50-7

0)VII

(Anci

ent) C

orinth

Corinth

-North

46.1

20.8

0.45

958.

881C

CE (

Cla

udia

n?)

Ach

aia

Mar

tigny

Oct

oduru

s (F

oru

m C

laudii)

237

.518

.50.

4969

3.75

1C C

E (

Cla

udia

n)

Rae

tia

Lepci

sLe

ptis

Mag

na-

Vetu

s45

.525

.20.

5511

46.6

01C

CE (

1/2)

Tripolis

Kem

pte

nCam

bodunum

44.1

23.6

0.59

1040

.76

1C C

E 3

/4Bel

gica

Sepin

oSa

epin

ium

29.7

18.1

0.61

535.

761C

CE (

Tib

eria

n+)

IV

Vale

ria

Vale

ria

30.5

190.

6257

9.50

1C C

E (

Cla

udia

n)

Tar

raco

nen

sis

Cap

ena

Lucu

s Fe

ronia

e19

.613

.60.

6926

6.56

1C C

E (

14-2

0)VII

Cal

atay

ud

Bilb

ilis

--

-1C

CE (

Tib

eria

n)

Iber

ia

Zad

arIa

dar

--

-1C

CE (

1/2)

Illy

ricu

m

Otric

oli

Ocr

iculu

m-

--

1C C

E (

Cla

udia

n)

VI

|

Table

5. Ju

lio-C

laudia

n P

erio

d.


Moder

n N

ame

Site

Lengt

hW

idth

W/L

m²

Dat

eReg

/Pro

v

Am

purias

Em

porion

508.

40.

1742

0.00

Augu

stan

Tar

raco

nen

sis

Civ

idal

eFo

rum

Iulii

37.4

7.85

0.21

293.

59Augu

stan

(1C

BC)

X

Mar

tigny

Oct

oduru

s (F

oru

m C

laudii)

156

.512

0.21

678.

00Augu

stan

?Rae

tia

Vid

y-Va

ud

Louso

nna

69.5

170.

2411

81.5

01C

CE (

2/4)

Nar

bonen

sis

Coru

na

del

Conde

Clu

nia

83.6

25.4

0.30

2123

.44

Augu

stan

Tar

raco

nen

sis

Velle

iaVe

leia

35.3

11.7

0.33

413.

01Augu

stan

(15

BC)

VII

I

Citl

uk

Aeq

uum

, Colo

nia

Cla

udia

59.5

200.

3411

90.0

01C

CE (

Cla

udia

n?)

Dal

mat

ia

Feurs

Foru

m S

egusi

avoru

m67

.523

.30.

3515

72.7

51C

CE (

Tib

eria

n)

Gau

l

Monte

ner

odom

oIu

vanum

36.0

413

.20.

3747

5.73

1C C

E (

Julio

-Cla

udia

n)

IV

Tar

raco

Tar

rago

na

74.8

27.6

0.37

2064

.48

Augu

stan

+Tar

raco

nen

sis

Ast

org

aAst

urica

Augu

sta

6625

.50.

3916

83.0

0Augu

stan

Tar

raco

nen

sis

Luni

Luna

6024

0.40

1440

.00

Augu

stoTib

eria

nVII

Cas

tel R

ousi

llion

Rusc

ino

47.8

190.

4090

8.20

Augu

stan

?N

arbonen

sis

Ben

evag

ienna

Augu

sta

Bag

iennoru

m58

240.

4113

92.0

0Augu

stan

IX

Coim

bra

Conim

briga

133

13.6

0.41

448.

80Augu

stan

Lusi

tania

Ave

zzan

oAlb

a Fu

cens

5021

.80.

4410

90.0

01C

CE (

1/2)

IV

Vols

inii

Bols

ena

5725

.70.

4514

64.9

01C

CE (

50-7

0 CE)

VII

(Anci

ent) C

orinth

Corinth

-North

46.1

20.8

0.45

958.

881C

CE (

Cla

udia

n?)

Ach

aia

St. Rem

yG

lanum

44.5

21.4

0.48

952.

30Augu

stan

Nar

bonen

sis

Sago

nte

Sagu

ntu

m37

.818

.30.

4869

1.74

Augu

stan

Tar

raco

nen

sis

Mar

tigny

Oct

oduru

s (F

oru

m C

laudii)

237

.518

.50.

4969

3.75

1C C

E (

Cla

udia

n)

Rae

tia

Lepci

sLe

ptis

Mag

na-

Vetu

s45

.525

.20.

5511

46.6

01C

CE (

1/2)

Tripolis

Kem

pte

nCam

bodunum

44.1

23.6

0.59

1040

.76

1C C

E (

3/4)

Bel

gica

Pes

toPae

stum

38.0

522

.60.

5985

9.93

Augu

stan

(1-

3 CE)

III

Rose

lleRuse

llae

29.4

17.6

0.60

517.

44Augu

stoTib

eria

nVII

(Anci

ent) C

orinth

Corinth

-Julia

n38

.43

23.5

50.

6190

5.03

Augu

stan

(2B

C-4

/5CE)

Ach

aia

Sepin

oSa

epin

ium

29.7

18.1

0.61

535.

761C

CE (

Tib

eria

n+)

IV

Mag

dal

ensb

erg

Virunum

?29

.618

.10.

6153

5.76

Augu

stan

Noricu

m

Vale

ria

Vale

ria

30.5

190.

6257

9.50

1C C

E (

Cla

udia

n)

Tar

raco

nen

sis

Fano

Fanum

Fortunae

47.3

129

.57

0.63

1398

.96

Augu

stan

VI

Fasa

no

Gnat

hia

34.5

21.7

0.63

748.

65Augu

stan

II

Ord

ona

Her

donia

42.0

026

.75

0.64

1123

.50

Augu

stan

(3/

2 BC)

II

.../.

..


|

Table

6. Augu

stan

and Julio

-Cla

udia

n P

erio

ds.

Moder

n N

ame

Site

Lengt

hW

idth

W/L

m²

Dat

eReg

/Pro

v

Cap

ena

Lucu

s Fe

ronia

e19

.613

.60.

6926

6.56

1C C

E (

/14-

20 C

E)

VII

Cal

atay

ud

Bilb

ilis

--

-1C

CE (

Tib

eria

n)

Iber

ia

Cin

goli

Cin

gulu

m-

--

Augu

stan

(1C

BC)

V

Zad

arIa

dar

--

-1C

CE (

1/2)

Illy

ricu

m

Otric

oli

Ocr

iculu

m-

--

1C C

E (

Cla

udia

n)

VI

Pouzz

ole

sPute

oli

--

-Augu

stan

I

Moder

n N

ame

Site

Lengt

hW

idth

W/L

m²

Dat

eReg

/Pro

v

Coim

bra

Conim

briga

239

.55.

50.

1421

7.25

1C C

E (

Flav

ian)

Lusi

tania

Cai

stor-

by-

Norw

ich

Venta

Ice

noru

m53

.99.

10.

1749

0.49

1-2C

CE

Brita

nnia

Zugl

ioFo

rum

Iuliu

m C

arnic

um

38.5

7.45

0.19

286.

831C

CE (

Flav

ian)

X

Deu

tsch

-Alte

nburg

Car

nuntu

m13

428

.75

0.21

385.

251C

CE (

post

73)

Pan

nonia

Silc

hes

ter

Cal

leva

Arteb

atum

7117

.70.

2512

56.7

01C

CE (

Flav

ian)

Brita

nnia

Ciren

cest

erCoriniu

m D

obunnoru

m99

.97

26.5

20.

2726

51.2

01C

CE (

late

)Brita

nnia

Cae

rwen

tVe

nta

Silu

rum

4913

.50.

2866

1.50

1-2C

CE

Brita

nnia

Vero

na

Vero

na

7525

0.33

1875

.00

1C C

E (

Flav

ian)

X

Bav

aiBag

acum

-Eas

t Com

ple

x79

28.2

0.36

2227

.80

1C C

EBel

gica

Bre

scia

Brixi

a45

18.7

50.

4284

3.75

1C C

E (

Flav

ian)

X

Tad

mor

Pal

myr

a75

350.

4726

2.00

1-3C

CE

Syria

Trier

Augu

sta

Tre

vero

rum

I25

130.

5232

5.00

1C C

EBel

gica

Luni

Luna-

S. B

ldg.

30.5

15.9

0.52

484.

951C

CE?

VII

Zouag

ha

Sabra

tha

I48

.526

.40.

5412

80.4

01C

CE (

70-8

0)Tripolit

ania

Bolo

nia

Bae

lo C

laudia

31.6

18.3

0.58

262.

281C

CE (

ca. 70

)Ib

eria

(Anci

ent) C

orinth

Corinth

-South

38.5

223

.50

0.61

905.

221C

CE (

4/4)

Ach

aia

Vosg

esG

rand (

Andes

ina?

)33

.420

.20.

6167

4.68

1C C

E (

end)

Lugd

unen

sis

Bav

aiBag

acum

23.6

14.7

0.62

346.

921C

CE

Bel

gica

Sange

min

iCar

sula

e29

230.

7966

7.00

1C C

EVI

Mac

tar

Mac

taris

--

-1C

CE (

88)

Afr

ica

Sale

/Rab

atSa

la-

--

1C C

E (

end/b

egin

2C)

Mau

reta

nia

Subeq

uan

aSu

per

aequum

--

-1C

CE

IV

Ter

raci

na

Tar

raci

na

--

-1C

CE

Latiu

m

Teb

essa

Thev

este

(?)

--

-1C

CE

Afr

ica

Pro

con.

Vais

on-la-

Rom

aine

Vasi

o V

oco

ntio

rum

-12

.6-

1C C

E?

Nar

bonen

sis

|

Table

7. Fl

avia

n a

nd N

on-S

pec

ific

1st C

entu

ry C

E.


Moder

n N

ame

Site

Lengt

hW

idth

W/L

m²

Dat

eReg

/Pro

v

Coim

bra

Conim

briga

239

.55.

50.

1421

7.25

1C C

E (

Flav

ian)

Lusi

tania

Am

purias

Em

porion

508.

40.

1742

0.00

Augu

stan

Tar

raco

nen

sis

Cai

stor-

by-

Norw

ich

Venta

Ice

noru

m53

.99.

10.

1749

0.49

1-2C

CE

Brita

nnia

Zugl

ioFo

rum

Iuliu

m C

arnic

um

38.5

7.45

0.19

286.

831C

CE (

Flav

ian)

X

Deu

tsch

-Alte

nburg

Car

nuntu

m13

428

.75

0.21

385.

251C

CE (

post

73)

Pan

nonia

Civ

idal

eFo

rum

Iulii

37.4

7.85

0.21

293.

59Augu

stan

(1C

BC)

X

Mar

tigny

Oct

oduru

s (F

oru

m C

laudii)

156

.512

0.21

678.

00Augu

stan

?Rae

tia

Vid

y-Va

ud

Louso

nna

69.5

170.

2411

81.5

01C

CE (

2/4)

Nar

bonen

sis

Silc

hes

ter

Cal

leva

Arteb

atum

7117

.70.

2512

56.7

01C

CE (

Flav

ian)

Brita

nnia

Ciren

cest

erCoriniu

m D

obunnoru

m99

.97

26.5

20.

2726

51.2

01C

CE (

late

)Brita

nnia

Cae

rwen

tVe

nta

Silu

rum

4913

.50.

2866

1.50

1-2C

CE

Brita

nnia

Coru

na

del

Conde

Clu

nia

83.6

25.4

0.30

2123

.44

Augu

stan

Tar

raco

nen

sis

Velle

iaVe

leia

35.3

11.7

0.33

413.

01Augu

stan

(15

BC)

VII

I

Vero

na

Vero

na

7525

0.33

1875

.00

1C C

E (

Flav

ian)

X

Citl

uk

Aeq

uum

, Colo

nia

Cla

udia

59.5

200.

3411

90.0

01C

CE (

Cla

udia

n?)

Dal

mat

ia

Feurs

Foru

m S

egusi

avoru

m67

.523

.30.

3515

72.7

51C

CE (

Tib

eria

n)

Gau

l

Bav

aiBag

acum

-Eas

t Com

ple

x79

28.2

0.36

2227

.80

1C C

EBel

gica

Monte

ner

odom

oIu

vanum

36.0

413

.20.

3747

5.73

1C C

E (

Julio

-Cla

udia

n)

IV

Tar

raco

Tar

rago

na

74.8

27.6

0.37

2064

.48

Augu

stan

+Tar

raco

nen

sis

Ast

org

aAst

urica

Augu

sta

6625

.50.

3916

83.0

0Augu

stan

Tar

raco

nen

sis

Luni

Luna

6024

0.40

1440

.00

Augu

stoTib

eria

nVII

Cas

tel R

ousi

llion

Rusc

ino

47.8

190.

4090

8.20

Augu

stan

?N

arbonen

sis

Ben

evag

ienna

Augu

sta

Bag

iennoru

m58

240.

4113

92.0

0Augu

stan

IX

Coim

bra

Conim

briga

133

13.6

0.41

448.

80Augu

stan

Lusi

tania

Bre

scia

Brixi

a45

18.7

50.

4284

3.75

1C C

E (

Flav

ian)

X

Ave

zzan

oAlb

a Fu

cens

5021

.80.

4410

90.0

01C

CE (

1/2)

IV

Vols

inii

Bols

ena

5725

.70.

4514

64.9

01C

CE (

50-7

0)VII

(Anci

ent) C

orinth

Corinth

-North

46.1

20.8

0.45

958.

881C

CE (

Cla

udia

n?)

Ach

aia

Tad

mor

Pal

myr

a75

350.

4726

2.00

1-3C

CE

Syria

St. Rem

yG

lanum

44.5

21.4

0.48

952.

30Augu

stan

Nar

bonen

sis

Sago

nte

Sagu

ntu

m37

.818

.30.

4869

1.74

Augu

stan

Tar

raco

nen

sis

Mar

tigny

Oct

oduru

s (F

oru

m C

laudii)

237

.518

.50.

4969

3.75

1C C

E (

Cla

udia

n)

Rae

tia

Trier

Augu

sta

Tre

vero

rum

I25

130.

5232

5.00

1C C

EBel

gica

Luni

Luna-

S. B

ldg.

30.5

15.9

0.52

484.

951C

CE?

VII

.../.

..


Moder

n N

ame

Site

Lengt

hW

idth

W/L

m²

Dat

eReg

/Pro

v

Zouag

ha

Sabra

tha

I48

.526

.40.

5412

80.4

01C

CE (

70-8

0)Tr

ipolit

ania

Lepci

sLe

ptis

Mag

na-

Vetu

s45

.525

.20.

5511

46.6

01C

CE (

1/2)

Trip

olis

Bolo

nia

Bae

lo C

laudia

31.6

18.3

0.58

262.

281C

CE (

ca. 70

)Ib

eria

Kem

pte

nCam

bodunum

44.1

23.6

0.59

1040

.76

1C C

E 3

/4Bel

gica

Pes

toPae

stum

38.0

522

.60.

5985

9.93

Augu

stan

(1-

3 CE)

III

Rose

lleRuse

llae

29.4

17.6

0.60

517.

44A

ugu

stoTib

eria

nVII

(Anci

ent)

Corinth

Corinth

-Julia

n38

.43

23.5

50.

6190

5.03

Augu

stan

(2B

C-4

/5CE

Ach

aia

(Anci

ent)

Corinth

Corinth

-South

38.5

223

.50

0.61

905.

221C

CE (

4/4)

Ach

aia

Vosg

esG

rand (

Andes

ina?

)33

.420

.20.

6167

4.68

1C C

E (

end)

Lugd

unen

sis

Sepin

oSa

epin

ium

29.7

18.1

0.61

535.

761C

CE (

Tib

eria

n+)

IV

Mag

dal

ensb

erg

Virunum

?29

.618

.10.

6153

5.76

Augu

stan

Noricu

m

Bav

aiBag

acum

23.6

14.7

0.62

346.

921C

CE

Bel

gica

Val

eria

Vale

ria

30.5

190.

6257

9.50

1C C

E (

Cla

udia

n)

Tarr

aconen

sis

Fano

Fanum

Fortunae

47.3

129

.57

0.63

1398

.96

Augu

stan

VI

Fasa

no

Gnat

hia

34.5

21.7

0.63

748.

65A

ugu

stan

II

Ord

ona

Her

donia

42.0

026

.75

0.64

1123

.50

Augu

stan

(3/

2 B

C)

II

Cap

ena

Lucu

s Fe

ronia

e19

.613

.60.

6926

6.56

1C C

E (

14-2

0)VII

Sange

min

iCar

sula

e29

230.

7966

7.00

1C C

EVI

Cal

atay

ud

Bilb

ilis

--

-1C

CE (

Tib

eria

n)

Iber

ia

Cin

goli

Cin

gulu

m-

--

Augu

stan

(1C

BC)

V

Zad

aIa

dar

--

-1C

CE (

1/2)

Illy

ricu

m

Mac

tar

Mac

taris

--

-1C

CE (

88)

Afric

a

Otr

icoli

Ocr

iculu

m-

--

1C C

E (

Cla

udia

n)

VI

Pouzz

ole

sPute

oli

--

-A

ugu

stan

I

Sale

/Rab

atSa

la-

--

1C C

E (

end/b

egin

2C)

Mau

reta

nia

Subeq

uan

aSu

per

aequum

--

-1C

CE

IV

Ter

raci

na

Tarr

acin

a-

--

1C C

ELa

tium

Teb

essa

Thev

este

(?)

--

-1C

CE

Afric

a Pro

con.

Vai

son-la-

Rom

aine

Vasi

o V

oco

ntio

rum

-12

.6-

1C C

E?

Nar

bonen

sis

|

Table

8. Augu

stan

and F

irst

Cen

tury

CE.


Moder

n N

ame

Site

Lengt

hW

idth

W/L

m²

Dat

eReg

/Pro

v

Izm

irSm

yrna

159

270.

1742

93.0

02C

CE (

mid

)Asi

a

Exe

ter

Isca

Dum

nonio

rum

51ca

. 9

0.18

459.

002C

CE

Brita

nnia

Szek

esfe

her

var

Gors

ium

-Her

culia

5511

0.20

605.

002C

CE (

Tra

janic

?)Pan

nonia

Duklja

Docl

ea48

140.

2967

2.00

2C C

E (

1/4)

Illy

ricu

m

Burn

um

Munic

ipiu

m B

urn

ista

rum

58.2

18.1

0.31

1053

.42

2C C

E (

Tra

janic

)D

alm

atia

Leic

este

rRat

ae C

oriet

auvo

rum

47.0

714

.94

0.32

703.

232C

CE

Brita

nnia

Glo

uce

ster

Gle

vum

6321

0.33

1323

.00

2C C

EBrita

nnia

Santo

rini

Ther

a33

.810

0.34

338.

002C

CE (

102-

116)

Cre

ta

Kre

mna

Ban

asa

Vale

ntia

34.5

120.

3541

4.00

2C C

E?

Mau

reta

nia

Shah

atCre

mna

5519

0.35

1045

.00

2C C

E (

Had

rian

ic)

Gal

atia

Sidi al

i bou D

jenoun

Cyr

ene

66.3

22.9

0.35

1518

.27

2C C

E (

Had

rian

ic?)

Cyr

ene

Dje

mila

Cuic

ul-Ju

lia37

.513

.50.

3650

6.25

2C C

E (

ca. 16

9)N

um

idia

Wro

xter

Asc

alon

87.9

340.

3729

88.6

02C

CE (

late

/ear

ly 3

C)

Judae

a

Asc

alon

Viroco

niu

m61

.522

.50.

3713

83.7

52C

CE (

129)

Brita

nnia

Sreb

renic

aD

om

avia

31.0

11.9

0.38

368.

902C

CE?

Dal

mat

ia

Alis

e-St

. Rei

ne

Ale

sia

33.5

013

0.39

435.

502C

CE

Gau

l

Sam

aria

/Seb

astia

Sam

aria

/Seb

aste

75.5

29.5

0.39

2227

.25

2C C

EJu

dae

a

Tries

teTer

gest

e58

22.5

0.39

1305

.00

2C C

E (

Tra

janic

)X

Xan

ten

Vete

ra62

.024

.40.

3915

12.8

02C

CE (

Tra

janic

?)G

erm

ania

Bet

h S

hea

nSc

yopolis

6528

0.43

1820

.00

2C C

EJu

dae

a

Tef

essa

dAugu

sta

Rau

rica

65.5

28.5

0.44

1866

.75

2C C

E (

mid

)G

aul

Aost

aTip

asa

35.5

515

.50.

4455

1.03

2C C

E (

end)

Mau

reta

nia

Min

turn

oM

intu

rnae

5826

0.45

1508

.00

2C C

E (

Had

rian

ic)

Latiu

m

Soca

nic

eM

unic

ipiu

m D

ardan

oru

m(-

icum

)30

.414

.30.

4743

4.72

2C C

E (

2/2)

Moes

ia S

up.

Rom

aRom

e-U

lpia

113.

854

.50.

4862

02.1

02C

CE (

Tra

janic

)La

tium

Byr

saCar

thag

e83

.28

43.3

60.

5236

11.0

22C

CE (

2/2)

Afr

ica

Pro

con.

Tim

gad

Tham

uga

di

2915

0.52

435.

002C

CE (

Tra

j/H

adrian

ic)

Num

idia

Antic

a O

stia

Ost

ia36

.523

.50.

6485

7.75

2C C

E (

152)

Latiu

m

Tak

embrit

Sigu

s/Si

ga27

.75

19.6

0.71

543.

902C

CE (

1/4)

Num

idia

Kham

issa

Thuburs

icum

-Vet

us

39.1

28.4

0.73

1110

.44

2C C

EN

um

idia

Shaq

qa

Shaq

qa

19.8

18.3

0.92

362.

342C

CE (

4/4)

Syria

Bulla

Reg

iaBulla

Reg

ia-1

2323

?1.

0052

9.00

2C C

E (

Had

rian

ic)

Afr

ica

Bou-G

har

aAbel

la-

--

2C C

EI

.../.

..


Moder

n N

ame

Site

Lengt

hW

idth

W/L

m²

Dat

eReg

/Pro

v

Trip

oli

Corfi

niu

m-

--

2C C

EIV

Ave

llaFe

rentin

um

--

-2C

CE

Latiu

m

Corfi

nio

Gig

this

--

-2C

CE

Afr

ica

Fere

nto

Lepci

s M

agna-

Mai

or

--

-2C

CE (

102)

Trip

olis

Lepci

sLe

pci

s M

agna-

Ulp

ia-

--

2C C

E (

Traj

anic

?)Tr

ipolis

Sbei

tlaO

ea-

--

2C C

EA

fric

a Pro

con.

Lepci

sSu

fetu

la-

--

2C C

E (

mid

)A

fric

a Pro

con.

|

Table

9. Se

cond C

entu

ry C

.

Moder

n N

ame

Site

Lengt

hW

idth

W/L

w²

Dat

eReg

/Pro

v

Announa

Tib

ilis

297.

50.

2621

7.50

3C C

E (

210/

211)

Num

idia

Bel

kis

Asp

endos

105.

4826

.90.

2628

37.4

13C

CE (

end)

Asi

a

Aquile

iaAquile

ia89

.229

0.33

2586

.80

3C C

E (

Seve

ran)

X

Laden

burg

Lopodunum

-Civ

itas

Ulp

ia69

.226

.90.

3918

61.4

83C

CE

Bel

gica

Lepci

sLe

ptis

Mag

na-

Seve

rian

a88

.836

0.41

3196

.80

3C C

E (

216)

Tripolis

Kas

ar P

har

aoun

Volu

bili

s38

.620

.80.

5480

2.88

3C C

E (

Seve

ran)

Mau

reta

nia

M’D

aouro

uch

Mad

aura

-Vet

us

14.6

8.2

0.56

119.

723C

CE (

Seve

ran)

Afr

ica

Pro

con.

Vazi

Sar

ra-

--

3C C

EM

aure

tania

Bulla

Reg

iaBulla

Reg

ia-2

23-

-3C

CE (

2/2)

Afr

ica

|

Table

10.

Third C

entu

ry C

E.


Moder

n N

ame

Site

Lengt

hW

idth

W/L

m²

Dat

eReg

/Pro

v

Dje

mila

Cuic

ul-Fo

rum

Cec

ina

Alb

inus

3614

0.39

504.

004C

CE (

364/

367)

Num

idia

Trier

Augu

sta

Tre

vero

rum

56.1

327

.54

0.49

1545

.82

4C C

E (

1/4)

Bel

gica

Dje

mila

Cuic

ul-Ve

stia

ria

2412

0.50

288.

004C

CE (

367/

372)

Num

idia

Zouag

ha

Sabra

tha-

Nova

28.6

19.8

0.67

566.

284C

CE (

post

313

)Tripolis

Rom

aRom

a-Bas

ilica

Nova

9665

0.68

6240

.00

4C A

C (

post

31

3)La

tium

M’D

aouro

uch

Mad

aura

-Nova

--

-4C

CE

Afr

ica

Pro

con.

Ben

venen

toBen

even

tum

--

-4C

CE

II

Cirta

Const

antin

e-

--

4C C

E (

362)

Num

idia

Bej

aVa

ga-

--

4C C

E (

377)

Afr

ica

Pro

con.

Rheg

gio

Rheg

ium

--

-4C

CE (

or

5C)

III

|

Table

11.

Fourth C

entu

ry.


Moder

n N

ame

Site

Lengt

hW

idth

W/L

m²

Dat

eReg

/Pro

v

Ala

tri

Ale

triu

m-

--

Rep

ublic

an (13

0-12

0)La

tium

Ard

eaArd

ea45

.823

.80.

5310

90.0

4Rep

ublic

an (10

0-80

)La

tium

Fere

nto

Fere

ntin

um

--

-2C

CE

Latiu

m

Min

turn

oM

intu

rnae

5826

0.45

1508

.00

2C C

E (

Had

rian

ic)

Latiu

m

Antic

a O

stia

Ost

ia36

.523

.50.

6485

7.75

2C C

E (

152)

Latiu

m

Pal

estrin

aPra

enes

te55

240.

4413

20.0

0Rep

ublic

an (2C

BCE)

Latiu

m

Rom

aRom

a-Bas

ilica

Nova

9665

0.68

6240

.00

4C A

C (

post

31

3)La

tium

Rom

aRom

e-Aem

elia

95.6

22.5

0.24

2151

.00

Rep

ublic

an/A

ugu

stan

Latiu

m

Rom

aRom

e-Iu

lia89

410.

4636

49.0

0Augu

stan

(12

BCE/1

2 CE)

Latiu

m

Rom

aRom

e-U

lpia

113.

854

.50.

4862

02.1

02C

CE (

Tra

janic

)La

tium

Sezz

aSe

tia-

--

Rep

ublic

anLa

tium

Ter

raci

na

Tar

raci

na

--

-1C

CE

Latiu

m

Tiv

oli

Tib

ur

-25

.6-

Rep

ublic

anLa

tium

Velle

tri

Velit

rae

--

-?

Latiu

m

Ave

llaAbel

la-

--

2C C

EI

Ave

llinum

Abel

linum

--

-?

I

Com

pulte

ria

Cubulte

ria

--

-?

I

Linte

rno

Lite

rnum

4724

.50.

5211

51.5

0Rep

ublic

anI

Pom

pei

iPom

pei

i54

.724

.50.

4513

40.1

5Rep

ublic

an (13

0-12

0)I

Pouzz

ole

sPute

oli

--

-Augu

stan

I

Sora

Sora

e-

--

I

Ben

venen

toBen

even

tum

--

-4C

CE

II

Monte

sarc

hio

Cau

diu

m-

--

Rep

ublic

an (m

id1C

BCE)

II

Fasa

no

Gnat

hia

34.5

21.7

0.63

748.

65Augu

stan

II

Ord

ona

Her

donia

42.0

026

.75

0.64

1123

.50

Augu

stan

(3/

2 BCE)

II

Copia

Copia

/Thurii

--

-Rep

ublic

an (ea

rly1

C B

CE)

III

Pes

toPae

stum

38.0

522

.60.

5985

9.93

Augu

stan

(1-

3 CE)

III

Rheg

gio

Rheg

ium

--

-4C

CE (

or

5C)

III

Ave

zzan

oAlb

a Fu

cens

5021

.80.

4410

90.0

01C

CE (

1/2)

IV

Alfed

ena

Aufiden

a-

--

Rep

ublic

an (3C

BCE)

IV

Car

soli

Car

seoli

--

-Rep

ublic

anIV

Corfi

nio

Corfi

niu

m-

--

2C C

EIV

Faifoli

Fagi

fula

e-

--

?IV

.../.

..


oder

n N

ame

Site

Lengt

hW

idth

W/L

m²

Dat

eReg

/Pro

v

Ves

covi

oFo

rum

Novu

m-

--

?IV

Monte

ner

odom

oIu

vanum

36.0

413

.20.

3747

5.73

1C C

E (

Julio

-Cla

udia

n)

IV

Sepin

oSa

epin

ium

29.7

18.1

0.61

535.

761C

CE (

Tib

eria

n+)

IV

Subeq

uan

aSu

per

aequum

--

-1C

CE

IV

Cin

goli

Cin

gulu

m-

--

Augu

stan

(1C

BCE)

V

Piti

no

Septe

mped

a-

--

?V

Trei

a-M

ura

Trea

--

-?

V

Sange

min

iCar

sula

e29

230.

7966

7.00

1C C

EV

I

Fano

Fanum

Fortunae

47.3

129

.57

0.63

1398

.96

Augu

stan

VI

Otric

oli

Ocr

iculu

m-

--

1C C

E (

Cla

udia

n)

VI

Sass

ofe

rrat

o/S

entin

oSe

ntiu

m-

--

?V

I

Spole

toSp

ole

tium

--

-?

VI

Vols

inii

Bols

ena

5725

.70.

4514

64.9

01C

CE (

50-7

0)V

II

Bolg

nia

Bononia

--

-?

VII

Anse

donia

Cosa

3527

.30.

7895

5.50

Rep

ublic

an (

150

BCE)

VII

Cap

ena

Lucu

s Fe

ronia

e19

.613

.60.

6926

6.56

1C C

E (

14-2

0)V

II

Luni

Luna

6024

0.40

1440

.00

Augu

stoTib

eria

nV

II

Luni

Luna-

S. B

ldg.

30.5

15.9

0.52

484.

951C

CE?

VII

Rose

lleRuse

llae

29.4

17.6

0.60

517.

44A

ugu

stoTib

eria

nV

II

Vel

leia

Vel

eia

35.3

11.7

0.33

413.

01A

ugu

stan

(15

BCE)

VII

I

Ben

evag

ienna

Augu

sta

Bag

iennoru

m58

240.

4113

92.0

0A

ugu

stan

IX

Alti

no

Alti

num

--

-?

X

Aquile

iaA

quile

ia89

.229

0.33

2586

.80

3C C

E (

Seve

ran)

X

Bre

scia

Brixi

a45

18.7

50.

4284

3.75

1C C

E (

Flav

ian)

X

Civ

idal

eFo

rum

Iulii

37.4

7.85

0.21

293.

59A

ugu

stan

(1C

BCE)

X

Zugl

ioFo

rum

Iuliu

m C

arnic

um

38.5

7.45

0.19

286.

831C

CE

X

Trie

ste

Terg

este

5822

.50.

3913

05.0

02C

CE (

Traj

anic

)X

Ver

ona

Ver

ona

7525

0.33

1875

.00

1C C

E (

Flav

ian)

X

(Anci

ent)

Corinth

Corinth

-Julia

n38

.43

23.5

50.

6190

5.03

1C C

E (

1/10

)A

chai

a

(Anci

ent)

Corinth

Corinth

-North

46.1

20.8

0.45

958.

88Cla

udia

n?

Ach

aia

(Anci

ent)

Corinth

Corinth

-South

38.5

223

.50

0.61

905.

221C

CE (

4/4)

Ach

aia

Bulla

Reg

iaB

ulla

Reg

ia-1

2323

?1.

0052

9.00

2C C

E (

Had

rian

ic)

Afr

ica

Bulla

Reg

iaB

ulla

Reg

ia-2

23-

-3C

CE (

2/2)

Afr

ica

.../.

..


Moder

n N

ame

Site

Lengt

hW

idth

W/L

m²

Dat

eReg

/Pro

v

Bou-G

har

aG

igth

is-

--

2C C

EA

fric

a

Mac

tar

Mac

taris

--

-88

CE

Afr

ica

Byr

saCar

thag

e83

.28

43.3

60.

5236

11.0

22C

CE (

2/2)

Afr

ica

Pro

con.

M’D

aouro

uch

Mad

aura

-Nova

--

-4C

CE

Afr

ica

Pro

con.

M’D

aouro

uch

Mad

aura

-Vet

us

14.6

8.2

0.56

119.

723C

CE (

Seve

ran)

Afr

ica

Pro

con.

Trip

oli

Oea

--

-2C

CE

Afr

ica

Pro

con.

Sbei

tlaSu

fetu

la-

--

2C C

E (

mid

)A

fric

a Pro

con.

Tebes

saThev

este

(?)

--

-1C

CE

Afr

ica

Pro

con.

Bej

aVag

a-

--

4C C

E (

377)

Afr

ica

Pro

con.

Bel

kis

Asp

endos

105.

4826

.90.

2628

37.4

13C

CE (

end)

Asi

a

Izm

irSm

yrna

159

270.

1742

93.0

02C

CE (

mid

)A

sia

Trie

rA

ugu

sta

Trev

eroru

m56

.13

27.5

40.

4915

45.8

24C

CE (

1/4)

Bel

gica

Trie

rA

ugu

sta

Trev

eroru

m I

2513

0.52

325.

001C

CE

Bel

gica

Bav

aiB

agac

um

23.6

14.7

0.62

346.

921C

CE

Bel

gica

Bav

aiB

agac

um

-Eas

t Com

ple

x79

28.2

0.36

2227

.80

1C C

EB

elgi

ca

Kem

pte

nCam

bodunum

44.1

23.6

0.59

1040

.76

3/4

1C C

EB

elgi

ca

Laden

burg

Lopodunum

-Civ

itas

Ulp

ia69

.226

.90.

3918

61.4

83C

CE

Bel

gica

Tourn

aiTo

urn

acum

--

--

Bel

gica

Silc

hes

ter

Cal

leva

Arteb

atum

7117

.70.

2512

56.7

01C

CE (

Flav

ian)

Brita

nnia

Ciren

cest

erCoriniu

m D

obunnoru

m99

.97

26.5

20.

2726

51.2

01C

CE, la

teB

rita

nnia

Glo

uce

ster

Gle

vum

6321

0.33

1323

.00

2C C

EB

rita

nnia

Exe

ter

Isca

Dum

nonio

rum

51ca

. 9

0.18

459.

002C

CE

Brita

nnia

Leic

este

rRat

ae C

oriet

auvo

rum

47.0

714

.94

0.32

703.

232C

CE

Brita

nnia

Cai

stor-

by-

Norw

ich

Ven

ta I

cenoru

m53

.99.

10.

1749

0.49

1-2C

CE

Brita

nnia

Cae

rwen

tVen

ta S

iluru

m49

13.5

0.28

661.

501-

2C C

EB

rita

nnia

Wro

xter

Viroco

niu

m61

.522

.50.

3713

83.7

52C

CE (

129)

Brita

nnia

Santo

rini

Ther

a33

.810

0.34

338.

002C

CE (

102-

116)

Cre

ta

Shah

atCyr

ene

66.3

22.9

0.35

1518

.27

2C C

E (

Had

rian

ic?)

Cyr

ene

Xan

ten

Colo

nia

Ulp

ia T

raia

na

Augu

sta

6317

0.27

1071

.00

Dac

ia

Citl

uk

Aeq

uum

, Colo

nia

Cla

udia

59.5

200.

3411

90.0

01C

CE (

Cla

udia

n?)

Dal

mat

ia

Sreb

renic

aD

om

avia

31.0

11.9

0.38

368.

902C

CE?

Dal

mat

ia

Burn

um

Munic

ipiu

m B

urn

ista

rum

58.2

18.1

0.31

1053

.42

2C C

E (

Traj

anic

)D

alm

atia

.../.

..


oder

n N

ame

Site

Lengt

hW

idth

W/L

m²

Dat

eReg

/Pro

v

Kre

mna

Cre

mna

5519

0.35

1045

.00

2C C

E (

Had

rian

ic)

Gal

atia

Alis

e-St

. Rei

ne

Ale

sia

33.5

013

0.39

435.

502C

CE

Gau

l

Aost

aA

ugu

sta

Rau

rica

65.5

28.5

0.44

1866

.75

2C C

E (

mid

)G

aul

Feurs

Foru

m S

egusi

avoru

m67

.523

.30.

3515

72.7

51C

CE (

Tib

eria

n)

Gau

l

Xan

ten

Vet

era

62.0

24.4

0.39

1512

.80

2C C

E (

Traj

anic

?)G

erm

ania

Bolo

nia

Bae

lo C

laudia

31.6

18.3

0.58

262.

281C

CE (

ca. 70

)Ib

eria

Cal

atay

ud

Bilb

ilis

--

-1C

CE (

Tib

eria

n)

Iber

ia

Dukl

jaD

ocl

ea48

140.

2967

2.00

2C C

E (

1/4)

Illy

ricu

m

Zad

arIa

dar

--

-1/

2 1C

CE

Illy

ricu

m

Asc

alon

Asc

alon

87.9

340.

3729

88.6

02C

CE (

late

/ear

ly 3

C)

Judae

a

Sam

aria

/Seb

astia

Sam

aria

/Seb

aste

75.5

29.5

0.39

2227

.25

2C C

EJu

dae

a

Bet

h S

hea

nSc

yopolis

6528

0.43

1820

.00

2C C

EJu

dae

a

Vosg

esG

rand (

Andes

ina?

)33

.420

.20.

6167

4.68

1C C

E (

end)

Lugd

unen

sis

Coim

bra

Conim

briga

133

13.6

0.41

448.

80A

ugu

stan

Lusi

tania

Coim

bra

Conim

briga

239

.55.

50.

1421

7.25

1C C

E (

Flav

ian)

Lusi

tania

Phili

ppi

Phili

ppi

--

--

Mac

edonia

Vaz

i Sa

rra

--

-3C

CE

Mau

reta

nia

Sidi al

i bou D

jenoun

Ban

asa

Val

entia

34.5

120.

3541

4.00

2C C

E?

Mau

reta

nia

Bet

tioua/

Sain

t-Le

uPortus

Mag

nus

185.

80.

3210

4.40

-M

aure

tania

Sale

/Rab

atSa

la-

--

1C C

E (

end/b

egin

2C)

Mau

reta

nia

Tefe

ssad

Tip

asa

35.5

515

.50.

4455

1.03

2C C

E (

end)

Mau

reta

nia

Kas

ar P

har

aoun

Volu

bili

s38

.620

.80.

5480

2.88

3C C

E (

Seve

ran)

Mau

reta

nia

Ghig

hen

Oes

cus

--

--

Moes

ia

Soca

nic

eM

unic

ipiu

m D

ardan

oru

m(-

icum

)30

.414

.30.

4743

4.72

2C C

E (

2/2)

Moes

ia S

up.

St. Rem

yG

lanum

44.5

21.4

0.48

952.

30A

ugu

stan

Nar

bonen

sis

Vid

y-Vau

dLo

uso

nna

69.5

170.

2411

81.5

02/

4 1C

CE

Nar

bonen

sis

Cas

tel Rouss

illon

Rusc

ino

47.8

190.

4090

8.20

Augu

stan

?N

arbonen

sis

Vai

son-la-

Rom

aine

Vas

io V

oco

ntio

rum

-12

.6-

1C C

E?

Nar

bonen

sis

Mag

dal

ensb

erg

Virunum

?29

.618

.10.

6153

5.76

Augu

stan

Noricu

m

Cirta

Const

antin

e-

--

4C C

E (

362)

Num

idia

Dje

mila

Cuic

ul-Fo

rum

Cec

ina

Alb

inus

3614

0.39

504.

004C

CE (

364/

367)

Num

idia

Dje

mila

Cuic

ul-Ju

lia37

.513

.50.

3650

6.25

2C C

E (

ca. 16

9)N

um

idia

Dje

mila

Cuic

ul-Ves

tiaria

2412

0.50

288.

004C

CE (

367/

372)

Num

idia

Tak

embrit

Sigu

s/Si

ga27

.75

19.6

0.71

543.

902C

CE (

1/4)

Num

idia

.../.

..


Moder

n N

ame

Site

Lengt

hW

idth

W/L

m²

Dat

eReg

/Pro

v

Tim

gad

Tham

uga

di

2915

0.52

435.

002C

CE (

Traj

/HCErian

)N

um

idia

Kham

issa

Thuburs

icum

-Vet

us

39.1

28.4

0.73

1110

.44

2C C

EN

um

idia

Announa

Tib

ilis

297.

50.

2621

7.50

3C C

E (

210/

211)

Num

idia

Deu

tsch

-Alte

nburg

Car

nuntu

m13

428

.75

0.21

385.

251C

CE (

post

73)

Pan

nonia

Szek

esfe

her

var

Gors

ium

-Her

culia

5511

0.20

605.

002C

CE (

Traj

anic

?)Pan

nonia

Mar

tigny

Oct

oduru

s (F

oru

m C

laudii)

156

.512

0.21

678.

00A

ugu

stan

?Rae

tia

Mar

tigny

Oct

oduru

s (F

oru

m C

laudii)

237

.518

.50.

4969

3.75

1C C

E (

Cla

udia

n)

Rae

tia

Tad

mor

Pal

myr

a75

350.

4726

2.00

1-3C

CE

Syria

Shaq

qa

Shaq

qa

19.8

18.3

0.92

362.

342C

CE (

4/4)

Syria

Ast

org

aA

sturica

Augu

sta

6625

.50.

3916

83.0

0A

ugu

stan

Tarr

aconen

sis

Coru

na

del

Conde

Clu

nia

83.6

25.4

0.30

2123

.44

Augu

stan

Tarr

aconen

sis

Am

purias

Em

porion

508.

40.

1742

0.00

Augu

stan

Tarr

aconen

sis

Sago

nte

Sagu

ntu

m37

.818

.30.

4869

1.74

Augu

stan

Tarr

aconen

sis

Tar

raco

Tar

rago

na

74.8

27.6

0.37

2064

.45

Augu

stan

+Ta

rrac

onen

sis

Val

eria

Val

eria

30.5

190.

6257

9.50

1C C

E (

Cla

udia

n)

Tarr

aconen

sis

Lepci

sLe

pci

s M

agna-

mai

or

--

-2C

CE (

102)

Trip

olis

Lepci

sLe

pci

s M

agna-

Ulp

ia-

--

2C C

E (

Traj

anic

?)Tr

ipolis

Lepci

sLe

ptis

Mag

na-

Seve

rian

a88

.836

0.41

3196

.80

3C C

E (

216)

Trip

olis

Lepci

sLe

ptis

Mag

na-

Vet

us

45.5

25.2

0.55

1146

.60

1C C

E (

1/2)

Trip

olis

Zouag

ha

Sabra

tha

II50

270.

5613

50.0

0?

Trip

olis

Zouag

ha

Sabra

tha-

Nova

28.6

19.8

0.67

566.

282/

2 4C

CE

Trip

olis

Zouag

ha

Sabra

tha

I48

.526

.40.

5412

80.4

01C

CE (

70-8

0)Tr

ipolit

ania

|

Table

12.

Bas

ilica

s by

Reg

ion a

nd P

rovi

nce

.


oder

n N

ame

Site

Lengt

hW

idth

W/L

m²

Dat

eReg

/Pro

v

Zugl

ioFo

rum

Iuliu

m C

arnic

um

38.5

7.45

0.19

286.

831C

CD

X

Civ

idal

eFo

rum

Iulii

37.4

7.85

0.21

293.

59Augu

stan

(1C

BCE)

X

Rom

aRom

e-Aem

elia

95.6

22.5

0.24

2151

.00

Rep

ublic

an/A

ugu

stan

Latiu

m

Aquile

iaAquile

ia89

.229

0.33

2586

.80

3C C

D (

Seve

ran)

X

Velle

iaVe

leia

35.3

11.7

0.33

413.

01Augu

stan

(15

BCE)

VII

I

Vero

na

Vero

na

7525

0.33

1875

.00

1C C

D (

Flav

ian)

X

Monte

ner

odom

oIu

vanum

36.0

413

.20.

3747

5.73

1C C

D (

Julio

-Cla

udia

n)

IV

Tries

teTer

gest

e58

22.5

0.39

1305

.00

2C C

D (

Tra

janic

)X

Luni

Luna

6024

0.40

1440

.00

Augu

stoTib

eria

nVII

Ben

evag

ienna

Augu

sta

Bag

iennoru

m58

240.

4113

92.0

0Augu

stan

IX

Bre

scia

Brixi

a45

18.7

50.

4284

3.75

1C C

D (

Flav

ian)

X

Ave

zzan

oAlb

a Fu

cens

5021

.80.

4410

90.0

01C

CD

(1/

2)IV

Pal

estrin

aPra

enes

te55

240.

4413

20.0

0Rep

ublic

an (2C

BCE)

Latiu

m

Vols

inii

Bols

ena

5725

.70.

4514

64.9

01C

CD

(50

-70)

VII

Min

turn

oM

intu

rnae

5826

0.45

1508

.00

2C C

D (

Had

rian

ic)

Latiu

m

Pom

pei

iPom

pei

i54

.724

.50.

4513

40.1

5Rep

ublic

an (13

0-12

0)I

Rom

aRom

e-Iu

lia89

410.

4636

49.0

0Rep

ublic

an/A

ugu

stan

Latiu

m

Rom

aRom

e-U

lpia

113.

854

.50.

4862

02.1

02C

CD

(Tra

janic

)La

tium

Linte

rno

Lite

rnum

4724

.50.

5211

51.5

0Rep

ublic

anI

Luni

Luna-

S. B

ldg.

30.5

15.9

0.52

484.

951C

CD

?VII

Ard

eaArd

ea45

.823

.80.

5310

90.0

4Rep

ublic

an (10

0-80

)La

tium

Pes

toPae

stum

38.0

522

.60.

5985

9.93

Augu

stan

(1-

3 CD

)II

I

Rose

lleRuse

llae

29.4

17.6

0.60

517.

44Augu

stoTib

eria

nVII

Sepin

oSa

epin

ium

29.7

18.1

0.61

535.

761C

CD

(Tib

eria

n+)

IV

Fano

Fanum

Fortunae

47.3

129

.57

0.63

1398

.96

Augu

stan

VI

Fasa

no

Gnat

hia

34.5

21.7

0.63

748.

65Augu

stan

II

Ord

ona

Her

donia

42.0

026

.75

0.64

1123

.50

Augu

stan

(3/

2 BCE)

II

Antic

a O

stia

Ost

ia36

.523

.50.

6485

7.75

2C C

D (

152)

Latiu

m

Rom

aRom

a-Bas

ilica

Nova

9665

0.68

6240

.00

4C A

C (

post

31

3)La

tium

Cap

ena

Lucu

s Fe

ronia

e19

.613

.60.

6926

6.56

1C C

D (

/14-

20)

VII

Anse

donia

Cosa

3527

.30.

7895

5.50

Rep

ublic

an (15

0 BCE)

VII

Sange

min

iCar

sula

e29

230.

7966

7.00

1C C

DVI

Ave

llaAbel

la-

--

2C C

DI

.../.

..


oder

n N

ame

Site

Lengt

hW

idth

W/L

m²

Dat

eReg

/Pro

v

Ave

llino

Abel

linum

--

-?

I

Ala

tri

Ale

triu

m-

--

Rep

ublic

an (

130-

120)

Latiu

m

Alti

no

Alti

num

--

-?

X

Alfe

den

aAufiden

a-

--

Rep

ublic

an (

3C B

CE)

IV

Ben

venen

toBen

even

tum

--

-4C

CD

II

Bolg

nia

Bononia

--

-?

VII

Car

soli

Car

seoli

--

-Rep

ublic

anIV

Monte

sarc

hio

Cau

diu

m-

--

Rep

ublic

an (

mid

1C B

CE)

II

Cin

goli

Cin

gulu

m-

--

Augu

stan

(1C

BCE))

V

Copia

Copia

/Thurii

--

-Rep

ublic

an (

early1

C B

CE)

III

Corfi

nio

Corfi

niu

m-

--

2C C

DIV

Com

pulte

ria

Cubulte

ria

--

-?

I

Faifo

liFa

gifu

lae

--

-?

IV

Fere

nto

Fere

ntin

um

--

-2C

CD

Latiu

m

Vesc

ovi

oFo

rum

Novu

m-

--

?IV

Otric

oli

Ocr

iculu

m-

--

1C C

D (

Cla

udia

n)

VI

Pouzz

ole

sPute

oli

--

-A

ugu

stan

I

Rheg

gio

Rheg

ium

--

-4C

CD

(or

5C)

III

Sass

ofe

rrat

o/S

entin

oSe

ntiu

m-

--

?V

I

Piti

no

Septe

mped

a-

--

?V

Sezz

aSe

tia-

--

Rep

ublic

anLa

tium

Sora

Sora

e-

--

I

Spole

toSp

ole

tium

--

-?

VI

Subeq

uan

aSu

per

aequum

--

-1C

CD

IV

Terr

acin

aTa

rrac

ina

--

-1C

CD

Latiu

m

Tiv

oli

Tib

ur

-25

.6-

Rep

ublic

anLa

tium

Trei

a-M

ura

Trea

--

-?

V

Velle

tri

Velit

rae

--

-?

Latiu

m

|

Table

13.

Ita

lian P

enin

sula

.


oder

n N

ame

Site

Lengt

hW

idth

W/L

m²

Dat

eReg

/Pro

v

Coim

bra

Conim

briga

239

.55.

50.

1421

7.25

1C C

E (

Flav

ian)

Lusi

tania

Am

purias

Em

porion

508.

40.

1742

0.00

Augu

stan

Tar

raco

nen

sis

Cai

stor-

by-

Norw

ich

Venta

Ice

noru

m53

.99.

10.

1749

0.49

1-2C

CE

Brita

nnia

Exe

ter

Isca

Dum

nonio

rum

51ca

. 9

0.18

459.

002C

CE

Brita

nnia

Szek

esfe

her

var

Gors

ium

-Her

culia

5511

0.20

605.

002C

CE (

Tra

janic

?)Pan

nonia

Deu

tsch

-Alte

nburg

Car

nuntu

m13

428

.75

0.21

385.

251C

CE (

post

73)

Pan

nonia

Mar

tigny

Oct

oduru

s (F

oru

m C

laudii)

156

.512

0.21

678.

00Augu

stan

?Rae

tia

Vid

y-Va

ud

Louso

nna

69.5

170.

2411

81.5

02/

4 1C

CE

Nar

bonen

sis

Silc

hes

ter

Cal

leva

Arteb

atum

7117

.70.

2512

56.7

01C

CE (

Flav

ian)

Brita

nnia

Announa

Tib

ilis

297.

50.

2621

7.50

3C C

E (

210/

211)

Num

idia

Ciren

cest

erCoriniu

m D

obunnoru

m99

.97

26.5

20.

2726

51.2

01C

CE, la

teBrita

nnia

Cae

rwen

tVe

nta

Silu

rum

4913

.50.

2866

1.50

1-2C

CE

Brita

nnia

Duklja

Docl

ea48

140.

2967

2.00

2C C

E (

1/4)

Illy

ricu

m

Coru

na

del

Conde

Clu

nia

83.6

25.4

0.30

2123

.44

Augu

stan

Tar

raco

nen

sis

Bet

tioua/

Sain

t-Le

uPortus

Mag

nus

185.

80.

3210

4.40

-M

aure

tania

Leic

este

rRat

ae C

oriet

auvo

rum

47.0

714

.94

0.32

703.

232C

CE

Brita

nnia

Glo

uce

ster

Gle

vum

6321

0.33

1323

.00

2C C

EBrita

nnia

Sidi al

i bou D

jenoun

Ban

asa

Vale

ntia

34.5

120.

3541

4.00

2C C

E?

Mau

reta

nia

Kre

mna

Cre

mna

5519

0.35

1045

.00

2C C

E (

Had

rian

ic)

Gal

atia

Feurs

Foru

m S

egusi

avoru

m67

.523

.30.

3515

72.7

51C

CE (

Tib

eria

n)

Gau

l

Bav

aiBag

acum

-Eas

t Com

ple

x79

28.2

0.36

2227

.80

1C C

EBel

gica

Dje

mila

Cuic

ul-Ju

lia37

.513

.50.

3650

6.25

2C C

E (

ca. 16

9)N

um

idia

Tar

raco

Tar

rago

na

74.8

27.6

0.37

2064

.48

Augu

stan

+Tar

raco

nen

sis

Wro

xter

Viroco

niu

m61

.522

.50.

3713

83.7

52C

CE (

129)

Brita

nnia

Alis

e-St

. Rei

ne

Ale

sia

33.5

013

0.39

435.

502C

CE

Gau

l

Ast

org

aAst

urica

Augu

sta

6625

.50.

3916

83.0

0Augu

stan

Tar

raco

nen

sis

Dje

mila

Cuic

ul-Fo

rum

Cec

ina

Alb

inus

3614

0.39

504.

004C

CE (

364/

367)

Num

idia

Laden

burg

Lopodunum

-Civ

itas

Ulp

ia69

.226

.90.

3918

61.4

83C

CE

Bel

gica

Xan

ten

Vete

ra62

.024

.40.

3915

12.8

02C

CE (

Tra

janic

?)G

erm

ania

Cas

tel R

ouss

illon

Rusc

ino

47.8

190.

4090

8.20

Augu

stan

?N

arbonen

sis

Coim

bra

Conim

briga

133

13.6

0.41

448.

80Augu

stan

Lusi

tania

Lepci

sLe

ptis

Mag

na-

Seve

rian

a88

.836

0.41

3196

.80

3C C

E (

216)

Tripolis

Aost

aAugu

sta

Rau

rica

65.5

28.5

0.44

1866

.75

2C C

E (

mid

)G

aul

.../.

..


oder

n N

ame

Site

Lengt

hW

idth

W/L

m²

Dat

eReg

/Pro

v

Tefe

ssad

Tip

asa

35.5

515

.50.

4455

1.03

2C C

E (

end)

Mau

reta

nia

St. Rem

yG

lanum

44.5

21.4

0.48

952.

30A

ugu

stan

Nar

bonen

sis

Sago

nte

Sagu

ntu

m37

.818

.30.

4869

1.74

Augu

stan

Tar

raco

nen

sis

Trie

rAugu

sta

Trev

eroru

m56

.13

27.5

40.

4932

5.00

4C C

E (

1/4)

Bel

gica

Mar

tigny

Oct

oduru

s (F

oru

m C

laudii)

237

.518

.50.

4969

3.75

1C C

E (

Cla

udia

n)

Rae

tia

Dje

mila

Cuic

ul-Ve

stia

ria

2412

0.50

288.

004C

CE (

367/

372)

Num

idia

Trie

rAugu

sta

Trev

eroru

m I

2513

0.52

325.

001C

CE

Bel

gica

Byr

saCar

thag

e83

.28

43.3

60.

5236

11.0

22C

CE (

2/2)

Afr

ica

Pro

con.

Tim

gad

Tham

uga

di

2915

0.52

435.

002C

CE (

Traj

/Had

rian

ic)

Num

idia

Zouag

ha

Sabra

tha

I48

.526

.40.

5412

80.4

01C

CE (

70-8

0)Tr

ipolit

ania

Kas

ar P

har

aoun

Volu

bili

s38

.620

.80.

5480

2.88

3C C

E (

Seve

ran)

Mau

reta

nia

Lepci

sLe

ptis

Mag

na-

Vetu

s45

.525

.20.

5511

46.6

01C

CE (

1/2)

Trip

olis

M’D

aouro

uch

Mad

aura

-Vet

us

14.6

8.2

0.56

119.

723C

CE (

Seve

ran)

Afr

ica

Pro

con.

Zouag

ha

Sabra

tha

II50

270.

5613

50.0

0?

Trip

olis

Bolo

nia

Bae

lo C

laudia

31.6

18.3

0.58

262.

281C

CE (

ca. 70

)Ib

eria

Kem

pte

nCam

bodunum

44.1

23.6

0.59

1040

.76

3/4

1C C

EB

elgi

ca

Vosg

esG

rand (

Andes

ina?

)33

.420

.20.

6167

4.68

1C C

E (

end)

Lugd

unen

sis

Mag

dal

ensb

erg

Virunum

?29

.618

.10.

6153

5.76

Augu

stan

Noricu

m

Bav

aiBag

acum

23.6

14.7

0.62

346.

921C

CE

Bel

gica

Vale

ria

Vale

ria

30.5

190.

6257

9.50

1C C

E (

Cla

udia

n)

Tar

raco

nen

sis

Zouag

ha

Sabra

tha-

Nova

28.6

19.8

0.67

566.

282/

2 4C

CE

Trip

olis

Take

mbrit

Sigu

s/Si

ga27

.75

19.6

0.71

543.

902C

CE (

1/4)

Num

idia

Kham

issa

Thuburs

icum

-Vet

us

39.1

28.4

0.73

1110

.44

2C C

EN

um

idia

Bulla

Reg

iaBulla

Reg

ia-1

2323

?1.

0052

9.00

2C C

E (

Had

rian

ic)

Afr

ica

Vazi

Sar

ra-

--

3C C

EM

aure

tania

Cal

atay

ud

Bilb

ilis

--

-1C

CE (

Tib

eria

n)

Iber

ia

Bulla

Reg

iaBulla

Reg

ia-2

23-

-3C

CE (

2/2)

Afr

ica

Cirta

Const

antin

e-

--

4C C

E (

362)

Num

idia

Bou-G

har

aG

igth

is-

--

2C C

EA

fric

a

Zad

arIa

dar

--

-1/

2 1C

CE

Illy

ricu

m

Lepci

sLe

pci

s M

agna-

mai

or

--

-2C

CE (

102)

Trip

olis

Lepci

sLe

pci

s M

agna-

Ulp

ia-

--

2C C

E (

Traj

anic

?)Tr

ipolis

Mac

tar

Mac

taris

--

-88

CE

Afr

ica

.../.

..


Moder

n N

ame

Site

Lengt

hW

idth

W/L

m²

Dat

eReg

/Pro

v

M’D

aouro

uch

Mad

aura

-Nova

--

-4C

CE

Afr

ica

Pro

con.

Trip

oli

Oea

--

-2C

CE

Afr

ica

Pro

con.

Sale

/Rab

atSa

la-

--

1C C

E (

end/b

egin

2C)

Mau

reta

nia

Sbei

tlaSu

fetu

la-

--

2C C

E (

mid

)A

fric

a Pro

con.

Tebes

saThev

este

(?)

--

-1C

CE

Afr

ica

Pro

con.

Tourn

aiTo

urn

acum

--

--

Bel

gica

Bej

aVa

ga-

--

4C C

E (

377)

Afr

ica

Pro

con.

Vais

on-la-

Rom

aine

Vasi

o V

oco

ntio

rum

-12

.6-

1C C

E?

Nar

bonen

sis

|

Table

14.

Wes

tern

Em

pire

Exc

ludin

g th

e Ital

ian P

enin

sula

.

Moder

n N

ame

Site

Lengt

hW

idth

W/L

m²

Dat

eReg

/Pro

v

Izm

irSm

yrna

159

270.

1742

93.0

02C

CE (

mid

)Asi

a

Bel

kis

Asp

endos

105.

4826

.90.

2628

37.4

13C

CE (

end)

Asi

a

Xan

ten

Colo

nia

Ulp

ia T

raia

na

Augu

sta

6317

0.27

1071

.00

2C (

Tra

janic

?)D

acia

Burn

um

Munic

ipiu

m B

urn

ista

rum

58.2

18.1

0.31

1053

.00

2C C

E (

Tra

janic

)D

alm

atia

Santo

rini

Ther

a33

.810

0.34

338.

002C

CE (

102-

116)

Cre

ta

Citl

uk

Aeq

uum

, Colo

nia

Cla

udia

59.5

200.

3411

90.0

01C

CE (

Cla

udia

n?)

Dal

mat

ia

Shah

atCyr

ene

66.3

22.9

0.35

1518

.27

2C C

E (

Had

rian

ic?)

Cyr

ene

Asc

alon

Asc

alon

87.9

340.

3729

88.6

02C

CE (

late

/ear

ly 3

C)

Judae

a

Sreb

renic

aD

om

avia

31.0

11.9

0.38

368.

902C

CE?

Dal

mat

ia

Sam

aria

/Seb

astia

Sam

aria

/Seb

aste

75.5

29.5

0.39

2227

.25

2C C

EJu

dae

a

Bet

h S

hea

nSc

yopolis

6528

0.43

1820

.00

2C C

EJu

dae

a

(Anci

ent)

Corinth

Corinth

-North

46.1

20.8

0.45

958.

88Cla

udia

n?

Ach

aia

Soca

nic

eM

unic

ipiu

m D

ardan

oru

m(-

icum

)30

.414

.30.

4743

4.72

2C C

E (

2/2)

Moes

ia S

up.

Tad

mor

Pal

myr

a75

350.

4726

2.00

1-3C

CE

Syria

(Anci

ent)

Corinth

Corinth

-Julia

n38

.43

23.5

50.

6190

5.03

1C C

E (

1/10

)Ach

aia

(Anci

ent)

Corinth

Corinth

-South

38.5

223

.50

0.61

905.

221C

CE (

4/4)

Ach

aia

Shaq

qa

Shaq

qa

19.8

18.3

0.92

362.

342C

CE (

4/4)

Syria

Phili

ppi

Phili

ppi

--

-M

aced

onia

Ghig

hen

Oes

cus

--

-M

oes

ia

|

Table

15.

Eas

tern

Em

pire


oder

n N

ame

Site

Lengt

hW

idth

W/L

m²

Dat

eReg

/Pro

v

Bet

tioua/

Sain

t-Le

uPortus

Mag

nus

185.

80.

3210

4.40

-M

aure

tania

M’D

aouro

uch

MCEau

ra-V

etus

14.6

8.2

0.56

119.

723C

CE (

Seve

ran)

Afr

ica

Pro

con.

Coim

bra

Conim

briga

239

.55.

50.

1421

7.25

1C C

E (

Flav

ian)

Lusi

tania

Announa

Tib

ilis

297.

50.

2621

7.50

3C C

E (

210/

211)

Num

idia

Tad

mor

Pal

myr

a75

350.

4726

2.00

1-3C

CE

Syria

Bolo

nia

Bae

lo C

laudia

31.6

18.3

0.58

262.

281C

CE (

ca. 70

)Ib

eria

Cap

ena

Lucu

s Fe

ronia

e19

.613

.60.

6926

6.56

1C C

E (

14-2

0)VII

Zugl

ioFo

rum

Iuliu

m C

arnic

um

38.5

7.45

0.19

286.

831C

CE

X

Dje

mila

Cuic

ul-Ve

stia

ria

2412

0.50

288.

004C

CE (

367/

372)

Num

idia

Civ

idal

eFo

rum

Iulii

37.4

7.85

0.21

293.

59Augu

stan

(1C

BC)

X

Trier

Augu

sta

Tre

vero

rum

I25

130.

5232

5.00

1C C

EBel

gica

Santo

rini

Ther

a33

.810

0.34

338.

002C

CE (

102-

116)

Cre

ta

Bav

aiBag

acum

23.6

14.7

0.62

346.

921C

CE

Bel

gica

Shaq

qa

Shaq

qa

19.8

18.3

0.92

362.

342C

CE (

4/4)

Syria

Sreb

renic

aD

om

avia

31.0

11.9

0.38

368.

902C

CE?

Dal

mat

ia

Deu

tsch

-Alte

nburg

Car

nuntu

m13

428

.75

0.21

385.

251C

CE (

post

73)

Pan

nonia

Velle

iaVe

leia

35.3

11.7

0.33

413.

01Augu

stan

(15

BC)

VII

I

Sidi al

i bou D

jenoun

Ban

asa

Vale

ntia

34.5

120.

3541

4.00

2C C

E?

Mau

reta

nia

Am

purias

Em

porion

508.

40.

1742

0.00

Augu

stan

Tar

raco

nen

sis

Soca

nic

eM

unic

ipiu

m D

ardan

oru

m(-

icum

)30

.414

.30.

4743

4.72

2C C

E (

2/2)

Moes

ia S

up.

Tim

gad

Tham

uga

di

2915

0.52

435.

002C

CE (

Tra

j/H

adrian

)N

um

idia

Alis

e-St

. Rei

ne

Ale

sia

33.5

013

0.39

435.

502C

CE

Gau

l

Coim

bra

Conim

briga

133

13.6

0.41

448.

80Augu

stan

Lusi

tania

Exe

ter

Isca

Dum

nonio

rum

51ca

. 9

0.18

459.

002C

CE

Brita

nnia

Monte

ner

odom

oIu

vanum

36.0

413

.20.

3747

5.73

1C C

E (

Julio

-Cla

udia

n)

IV

Luni

Luna-

S. B

ldg.

30.5

15.9

0.52

484.

951C

CE?

VII

Cai

stor-

by-

Norw

ich

Venta

Ice

noru

m53

.99.

10.

1749

0.49

1-2C

CE

Brita

nnia

Dje

mila

Cuic

ul-Fo

rum

Cec

ina

Alb

inus

3614

0.39

504.

004C

CE (

364/

367)

Num

idia

Dje

mila

Cuic

ul-Ju

lia37

.513

.50.

3650

6.25

2C C

E (

ca. 16

9)N

um

idia

Rose

lleRuse

llae

29.4

17.6

0.60

517.

44Augu

stoTib

eria

nVII

Bulla

Reg

iaBulla

Reg

ia-1

2323

?1.

0052

9.00

2C C

E (

Had

rian

ic)

Afr

ica

Sepin

oSa

epin

ium

29.7

18.1

0.61

535.

761C

CE (

Tib

eria

n+)

IV

Mag

dal

ensb

erg

Virunum

?29

.618

.10.

6153

5.76

Augu

stan

Noricu

m

Take

mbrit

Sigu

s/Si

ga27

.75

19.6

0.71

543.

902C

CE (

1/4)

Num

idia

.../.

..


Moder

n N

ame

Site

Lengt

hW

idth

W/L

m²

Dat

eReg

/Pro

v

Tefe

ssad

Tip

asa

35.5

515

.50.

4455

1.03

2C C

E (

end)

Mau

reta

nia

Zouag

ha

Sabra

tha-

Nova

28.6

19.8

0.67

566.

282/

2 4C

CE

Trip

olis

Val

eria

Vale

ria

30.5

190.

6257

9.50

1C C

E (

Cla

udia

n)

Tarr

aconen

sis

Szek

esfe

her

var

Gors

ium

-Her

culia

5511

0.20

605.

002C

CE (

Traj

anic

?)Pan

nonia

Cae

rwen

tVe

nta

Silu

rum

4913

.50.

2866

1.50

1-2C

CE

Brita

nnia

Sange

min

iCar

sula

e29

230.

7966

7.00

1C C

EV

I

Dukl

jaD

ocl

ea48

140.

2967

2.00

2C C

E (

1/4)

Illy

ricu

m

Vosg

esG

rand (

Andes

ina?

)33

.420

.20.

6167

4.68

1C C

E (

end)

Lugd

unen

sis

Mar

tigny

Oct

oduru

s (F

oru

m C

laudii)

156

.512

0.21

678.

00Augu

stan

?Rae

tia

Sago

nte

Sagu

ntu

m37

.818

.30.

4869

1.74

Augu

stan

Tarr

aconen

sis

Mar

tigny

Oct

oduru

s (F

oru

m C

laudii)

237

.518

.50.

4969

3.75

1C C

E (

Cla

udia

n)

Rae

tia

Leic

este

rRat

ae C

oriet

auvo

rum

47.0

714

.94

0.32

703.

232C

CE

Brita

nnia

Fasa

no

Gnat

hia

34.5

21.7

0.63

748.

65Augu

stan

II

Kas

ar P

har

aoun

Volu

bili

s38

.620

.80.

5480

2.88

3C C

E (

Seve

ran)

Mau

reta

nia

Bre

scia

Brixi

a45

18.7

50.

4284

3.75

1C C

E (

Flav

ian)

X

Antic

a O

stia

Ost

ia36

.523

.50.

6485

7.75

2C C

E (

152)

Latiu

m

Pes

toPae

stum

38.0

522

.60.

5985

9.93

Augu

stan

(1-

3 CE)

III

(Anci

ent) C

orinth

Corinth

-Julia

n38

.43

23.5

50.

6190

5.03

1C C

E (

1/10

)A

chai

a

(Anci

ent) C

orinth

Corinth

-South

38.5

223

.50

0.61

905.

221C

CE (

4/4)

Ach

aia

Cas

tel Rousi

llion

Rusc

ino

47.8

190.

4090

8.20

Augu

stan

?N

arbonen

sis

St. Rem

yG

lanum

44.5

21.4

0.48

952.

30Augu

stan

Nar

bonen

sis

Anse

donia

Cosa

3527

.30.

7895

5.50

Rep

ublic

an (

150

BC)

VII

(Anci

ent) C

orinth

Corinth

-North

46.1

20.8

0.45

958.

88Cla

udia

n?

Ach

aia

Kem

pte

nCam

bodunum

44.1

23.6

0.59

1040

.76

3/4

1C C

EB

elgi

ca

Kre

mna

Cre

mna

5519

0.35

1045

.00

2C C

E (

Had

rian

ic)

Gal

atia

Burn

um

Munic

ipiu

m B

urn

ista

rum

58.2

18.1

0.31

1053

.42

2C C

E (

Traj

anic

)D

alm

atia

Xan

ten

Colo

nia

Ulp

ia T

raia

na

Augu

sta

6317

0.27

1071

.00

Dac

ia

Ave

zzan

oAlb

a Fu

cens

5021

.80.

4410

90.0

01C

CE (

1/2)

IV

Ard

eaArd

ea45

.823

.80.

5310

90.0

4Rep

ublic

an (

100-

80)

Latiu

m

Kham

issa

Thuburs

icum

-Vet

us

39.1

28.4

0.73

1110

.44

2C C

EN

um

idia

Ord

ona

Her

donia

42.0

026

.75

0.64

1123

.50

Augu

stan

(3/

2 BC)

II

Lepci

sLe

ptis

Mag

na-

Vetu

s45

.525

.20.

5511

46.6

01C

CE (

1/2)

Trip

olis

.../.

..


Moder

n N

ame

Site

Lengt

hW

idth

W/L

m²

Dat

eReg

/Pro

v

Linte

rno

Lite

rnum

4724

.50.

5211

51.5

0Rep

ublic

anI

Vid

y-Vau

dLo

uso

nna

69.5

170.

2411

81.5

02/

4 1C

CE

Nar

bonen

sis

Citl

uk

Aeq

uum

, Colo

nia

Cla

udia

59.5

200.

3411

90.0

01C

CE (

Cla

udia

n?)

Dal

mat

ia

Silc

hes

ter

Cal

leva

Arteb

atum

7117

.70.

2512

56.7

01C

CE (

Flav

ian)

Brita

nnia

Zouag

ha

Sabra

tha

I48

.526

.40.

5412

80.4

01C

CE (

70-8

0)Tr

ipolit

ania

Trie

ste

Terg

este

5822

.50.

3913

05.0

02C

CE (

Traj

anic

)X

Pal

estrin

aPra

enes

te55

240.

4413

20.0

0Rep

ublic

an (

2C B

C)

Latiu

m

Glo

uce

ster

Gle

vum

6321

0.33

1323

.00

2C C

EB

rita

nnia

Pom

pei

iPom

pei

i54

.724

.50.

4513

40.1

5Rep

ublic

an (

(130

-120

)I

Zouag

ha

Sabra

tha

II50

270.

5613

50.0

0?

Trip

olis

Wro

xter

Viroco

niu

m61

.522

.50.

3713

83.7

52C

CE (

129)

Brita

nnia

Ben

evag

ienna

Augu

sta

Bag

iennoru

m58

240.

4113

92.0

0Augu

stan

IX

Fano

Fanum

Fortunae

47.3

129

.57

0.63

1398

.96

Augu

stan

VI

Luni

Luna

6024

0.40

1440

.00

Augu

stoTib

eria

nV

II

Vols

inii

Bols

ena

5725

.70.

4514

64.9

01C

CE (

50-7

0)V

II

Min

turn

oM

intu

rnae

5826

0.45

1508

.00

2C C

E (

Had

rian

ic)

Latiu

m

Xan

ten

Vete

ra62

.024

.40.

3915

12.8

02C

CE (

Traj

anic

?)G

erm

ania

Shah

atCyr

ene

66.3

22.9

0.35

1518

.27

2C C

E (

Had

rian

ic?)

Cyr

ene

Trie

rAugu

sta

Trev

eroru

m56

.13

27.5

40.

4915

45.8

24C

CE (

1/4)

Bel

gica

Feurs

Foru

m S

egusi

avoru

m67

.523

.30.

3515

72.7

51C

CE (

Tib

eria

n)

Gau

l

Ast

org

aAst

urica

Augu

sta

6625

.50.

3916

83.0

0Augu

stan

Tarr

aconen

sis

Bet

h S

hea

nSc

yopolis

6528

0.43

1820

.00

2C C

EJu

dae

a

Laden

burg

Lopodunum

-Civ

itas

Ulp

ia69

.226

.90.

3918

61.4

83C

CE

Bel

gica

Aost

aAugu

sta

Rau

rica

65.5

28.5

0.44

1866

.75

2C C

E (

mid

)G

aul

Vero

na

Vero

na

7525

0.33

1875

.00

1C C

E (

Flav

ian)

X

Tarr

aco

Tarr

agona

74.8

27.6

0.37

2064

.48

Augu

stan

+Ta

rrac

onen

sis

Coru

na

del

Conde

Clu

nia

83.6

25.4

0.30

2123

.44

Augu

stan

Tarr

aconen

sis

Rom

aRom

e-Aem

elia

95.6

22.5

0.24

2151

.00

Rep

ublic

an/A

ugu

stan

Latiu

m

Sam

aria

/Seb

astia

Sam

aria

/Seb

aste

75.5

29.5

0.39

2227

.25

2C C

EJu

dae

a

Bav

aiBag

acum

-Eas

t Com

ple

x79

28.2

0.36

2227

.80

1C C

EB

elgi

ca

Aquile

iaAquile

ia89

.229

0.33

2586

.80

3C C

E (

Seve

ran)

X

Ciren

cest

erCoriniu

m D

obunnoru

m99

.97

26.5

20.

2726

51.2

01C

CE, la

teB

rita

nnia

Bel

kis

Asp

endos

105.

4826

.90.

2628

37.4

13C

CE (

end)

Asi

a

Asc

alon

Asc

alon

87.9

340.

3729

88.6

02C

CE (

late

/ear

ly 3

C)

Judae

a

.../.

..


|

Table

16.

Bas

ilica

s So

rted

by

Are

a in

Squar

e M

eter

s.

Moder

n N

ame

Site

Lengt

hW

idth

W/L

m²

Dat

eReg

/Pro

v

Lepci

sLe

ptis

Mag

na-

Seve

rian

a88

.836

0.41

3196

.80

3C C

E (

216)

Trip

olis

Byr

saCar

thag

e83

.28

43.3

60.

5236

11.0

22C

CE (

2/2)

Afr

ica

Pro

con.

Rom

aRom

e-Iu

lia89

410.

4636

49.0

0Rep

ublic

an/A

ugu

stan

Latiu

m

Izm

irSm

yrna

159

270.

1742

93.0

02C

CE (

mid

)A

sia

Rom

aRom

e-U

lpia

113.

854

.50.

4862

02.1

02C

CE (

Traj

anic

)La

tium

Rom

aRom

a-Bas

ilica

Nova

9665

0.68

6240

.00

4C A

C (

post

313

)La

tium

Moder

n N

ame

Site

Lengt

hW

idth

W/L

m²

Dat

eReg

/Pro

v

Sreb

renic

aD

om

avia

31.0

11.9

0.38

368.

902C

CE?

Dal

mat

ia

Alis

e-St

. Rei

ne

Ale

sia

33.5

013

0.39

435.

502C

CE

Gau

l

Coim

bra

Conim

briga

133

13.6

0.41

448.

80Augu

stan

Lusi

tania

Monte

ner

odom

oIu

vanum

36.0

413

.20.

3747

5.73

1C C

E (

Julio

-Cla

udia

n)

IV

Dje

mila

Cuic

ul-Fo

rum

Cec

ina

Alb

inus

3614

0.39

504.

004C

CE (

364/

367)

Num

idia

Cas

tel R

ousi

llion

Rusc

ino

47.8

190.

4090

8.20

Augu

stan

?N

arbonen

sis

Tries

teTer

gest

e58

22.5

0.39

1305

.00

2C C

E (

Tra

janic

)X

Wro

xter

Viroco

niu

m61

.522

.50.

3713

83.7

52C

CE (

129)

Brita

nnia

Ben

evag

ienna

Augu

sta

Bag

iennoru

m58

240.

4113

92.0

0Augu

stan

IX

Luni

Luna

6024

0.40

1440

.00

Augu

stoTib

eria

nVII

Xan

ten

Vete

ra62

.024

.40.

3915

12.8

02C

CE (

Tra

janic

?)G

erm

ania

Ast

org

aAst

urica

Augu

sta

6625

.50.

3916

83.0

0Augu

stan

Tar

raco

nen

sis

Laden

burg

Lopodunum

-Civ

itas

Ulp

ia69

.226

.90.

3918

61.4

83C

CE

Bel

gica

Tar

raco

Tar

rago

na

74.8

27.6

0.37

2064

.48

Augu

stan

+Tar

raco

nen

sis

Sam

aria

/Seb

astia

Sam

aria

/Seb

aste

75.5

29.5

0.39

2227

.25

2C C

EJu

dae

a

Asc

alon

Asc

alon

87.9

340.

3729

88.6

02C

CE (

late

/ear

ly 3

C)

Judae

a

Lepci

sLe

ptis

Mag

na-

Seve

rian

a88

.836

0.41

3196

.80

3C C

E (

216)

Tripolis

|

Table

17.

Focu

s at

0.3

9 So

rted

by

Are

a in

Squar

e M

eter

s.


Moder

n N

ame

Site

Lengt

hW

idth

W/L

m²

Dat

eReg

/Pro

v

Bav

aiBag

acum

23.6

14.7

0.62

346.

921C

CE

Bel

gica

Rose

lleRuse

llae

29.4

17.6

0.60

517.

44Augu

stoTib

eria

nVII

Mag

dal

ensb

erg

Virunum

?29

.618

.10.

6153

5.76

Augu

stan

Noricu

m

Sepin

oSa

epin

ium

29.7

18.1

0.61

535.

761C

CE (

Tib

eria

n+)

IV

Vale

ria

Vale

ria

30.5

190.

6257

9.50

1C C

E (

Cla

udia

n)

Tar

raco

nen

sis

Vosg

esG

rand (

Andes

ina?

)33

.420

.20.

6167

4.68

1C C

E (

end)

Lugd

unen

sis

Fasa

no

Gnat

hia

34.5

21.7

0.63

748.

65Augu

stan

II

Antic

a O

stia

Ost

ia36

.523

.50.

6485

7.75

2C C

E (

152)

Latiu

m

Pes

toPae

stum

38.0

522

.60.

5985

9.93

Augu

stan

(1-

3 CE)

III

(Anci

ent) C

orinth

Corinth

-Julia

n38

.43

23.5

50.

6190

5.03

1C C

E (

1/10

)Ach

aia

(Anci

ent) C

orinth

Corinth

-South

38.5

223

.50

0.61

905.

221C

CE (

4/4)

Ach

aia

Kem

pte

nCam

bodunum

44.1

23.6

0.59

1040

.76

3/4

1C C

EBel

gica

Ord

ona

Her

donia

42.0

026

.75

0.64

1123

.50

Augu

stan

(3/

2 BCE)

II

Fano

Fanum

Fortunae

47.3

129

.57

0.63

1398

.96

Augu

stan

VI

|

Table

18.

Focu

s at

0.6

1 So

rted

by

Are

a in

Squar

e M

eter

s.

Moder

n N

ame

Site

Lengt

hW

idth

W/L

m²

Dat

eReg

/Pro

v

Santo

rini

Ther

a33

.810

0.34

338.

002C

CE (

102-

116)

Cre

ta

Velle

iaVe

leia

35.3

11.7

0.33

413.

01Augu

stan

(15

BC)

VII

I

Sidi al

i bou D

jenoun

Ban

asa

Vale

ntia

34.5

120.

3541

4.00

2C C

E?

Mau

reta

nia

Dje

mila

Cuic

ul-Ju

lia37

.513

.50.

3650

6.25

2C C

E (

ca. 16

9)N

um

idia

Kre

mna

Cre

mna

5519

0.35

1045

.00

2C C

E (

BCE)

Gal

atia

Citl

uk

Aeq

uum

, Colo

nia

Cla

udia

59.5

200.

3411

90.0

01C

CE (

Cla

udia

n?)

Dal

mat

ia

Glo

uce

ster

Gle

vum

6321

0.33

1323

.00

2C C

EBrita

nnia

Shah

atCyr

ene

66.3

22.9

0.35

1518

.27

2C C

E (

BCE?)

Cyr

ene

Feurs

Foru

m S

egusi

avoru

m67

.523

.30.

3515

72.7

51C

CE (

Tib

eria

n)

Gau

l

Vero

na

Vero

na

7525

0.33

1875

.00

1C C

E (

Flav

ian)

X

Bav

aiBag

acum

-Eas

t Com

ple

x79

28.2

0.36

2227

.80

1C C

EBel

gica

Aquile

iaAquile

ia89

.229

0.33

2586

.80

3C C

E (

Seve

ran)

X

|

Table

19.

Focu

s at

0.3

3 So

rted

by

Are

a in

Squar

e M

eter

s.


Moder

n N

ame

Site

Lengt

hW

idth

W/L

m²

Dat

eReg

/Pro

v

Tef

esse

dt

Tip

asa

35.5

515

.50.

4455

1.03

2C C

E (

end)

Mau

reta

nia

Bre

scia

Brixi

a45

18.7

50.

4284

3.75

1C C

E (

Flav

ian)

X

(Anci

ent) C

orinth

Corinth

-North

46.1

20.8

0.45

958.

88Cla

udia

n?

Ach

aia

Ave

zzan

oAlb

a Fu

cens

5021

.80.

4410

90.0

01C

CE (

1/2)

IV

Pal

estrin

aPra

enes

te55

240.

4413

20.0

0Rep

ublic

an (2C

BCE)

Latiu

m

Pom

pei

iPom

pei

i54

.724

.50.

4513

40.1

5Rep

ublic

an ((1

30-1

20)

I

Vols

inii

Bols

ena

5725

.70.

4514

64.9

01C

CE (

50-7

0)VII

Min

turn

oM

intu

rnae

5826

0.45

1508

.00

2C C

E (

BCE)

Latiu

m

Bet

h S

hea

nSc

yopolis

6528

0.43

1820

.00

2C C

EJu

dae

a

Aost

aAugu

sta

Rau

rica

65.5

28.5

0.44

1866

.75

2C C

E (

mid

)G

aul

Rom

aRom

e-Iu

lia89

410.

4636

49.0

0Rep

ublic

an/A

ugu

stan

Latiu

m

|

Table

20.

Focu

s at

0.4

4 So

rted

by

Are

a in

Squar

e M

eter

s.

Moder

n N

ame

Site

Lengt

hW

idth

W/L

m²

Dat

eReg

/Pro

v

Announa

Tib

ilis

297.

50.

2621

7.50

3C C

E (

210/

211)

Num

idia

Cae

rwen

tVe

nta

Silu

rum

4913

.50.

2866

1.50

1-2C

CE

Brita

nnia

Xan

ten

Colo

nia

Ulp

ia T

raia

na

Augu

sta

6317

0.27

1071

.00

Dac

ia

Vid

y-Va

ud

Louso

nna

69.5

170.

2411

81.5

02/

4 1C

CE

Nar

bonen

sis

Silc

hes

ter

Cal

leva

Arteb

atum

7117

.70.

2512

56.7

01C

CE (

Flav

ian)

Brita

nnia

Rom

aRom

e-Aem

elia

95.6

22.5

00.

2421

51.0

0Rep

ublic

an/A

ugu

stan

Latiu

m

Ciren

cest

erCoriniu

m D

obunnoru

m99

.97

26.5

20.

2726

51.2

01C

CE, la

teBrita

nnia

Bel

kis

Asp

endos

105.

4826

.90.

2628

37.4

13C

CE (

end)

Asi

a

|

Table

21.

Focu

s at

0.2

6 So

rted

by

Are

a in

Squar

e M

eter

s.


Moder

n N

ame

Site

Lengt

hW

idth

W/L

m²

Dat

eReg

/Pro

v

Tad

mor

Pal

myr

a75

350.

4726

2.00

1-3C

CE

Syria

Dje

mila

Cuic

ul-Ve

stia

ria

2412

0.50

288.

004C

CE (

367/

372)

Num

idia

Soca

nic

eM

unic

ipiu

m D

ardan

oru

m(-

icum

)30

.414

.30.

4743

4.72

2C C

E (

2/2)

Moes

ia S

up.

Sago

nte

Sagu

ntu

m37

.818

.30.

4869

1.74

Augu

stan

Tar

raco

nen

sis

Mar

tigny

Oct

oduru

s (F

oru

m C

laudii)

237

.518

.50.

4969

3.75

1C C

E (

Cla

udia

n)

Rae

tia

St. Rem

yG

lanum

44.5

21.4

0.48

952.

30Augu

stan

Nar

bonen

sis

Trier

Augu

sta

Tre

vero

rum

56.1

327

.54

0.49

1545

.82

4C C

E (

1/4)

Bel

gica

Rom

aRom

e-U

lpia

113.

854

.50.

4862

02.1

02C

CE (

Tra

janic

)La

tium

|

Table

22.

Focu

s at

0.4

8 So

rted

by

Are

a in

Squar

e M

eter

s.

Moder

n N

ame

Site

Lengt

hW

idth

W/L

m²

Dat

eReg

/Pro

v

Trier

Augu

sta

Tre

vero

rum

I25

130.

5232

5.00

1C C

EBel

gica

Tim

gad

Tham

uga

di

2915

0.52

435.

002C

CE (

Tra

j/H

adrian

)N

um

idia

Luni

Luna-

S. B

ldg.

30.5

15.9

0.52

484.

951C

CE?

VII

Kas

ar P

har

aoun

Volu

bili

s38

.620

.80.

5480

2.88

3C C

E (

Seve

ran)

Mau

reta

nia

Ard

eaArd

ea45

.823

.80.

5310

90.0

4Rep

ublic

an (10

0-80

)La

tium

Linte

rno

Lite

rnum

4724

.50.

5211

51.5

0Rep

ublic

anI

Zouag

ha

Sabra

tha

I48

.526

.40.

5412

80.4

01C

CE (

70-8

0)Tripolit

ania

Byr

saCar

thag

e83

.28

43.3

60.

5236

11.0

22C

CE (

2/2)

Afr

ica

Pro

con.

|

Table

23.

Focu

s at

0.5

2 So

rted

by

Are

a in

Squar

e M

eter

s.


oder

n N

ame

Site

Lengt

hW

idth

W/L

m²

Dat

eReg

/Pro

v

Anse

donia

Cosa

3527

.30.

7895

5.50

Rep

ublic

an (15

0 BCE)

VII

Ard

eaArd

ea45

.823

.80.

5310

90.0

4Rep

ublic

an (10

0-80

BCE)

Latiu

m

Linte

rno

Lite

rnum

4724

.50.

5211

51.5

0Rep

ublic

anI

Pal

estrin

aPra

enes

te55

240.

4413

20.0

0Rep

ublic

an (2C

BCE)

Latiu

m

Pom

pei

iPom

pei

i54

.724

.50.

4513

40.1

5Rep

ublic

an (13

0-12

0)I

Rom

aRom

e-Aem

elia

95.6

22.5

0.24

2151

.00

Rep

ublic

an/A

ugu

stan

Latiu

m

Rom

aRom

e-Iu

lia89

410.

4636

49.0

0Rep

ublic

an/A

ugu

stan

Latiu

m

Car

soli

Car

seoli

--

-Rep

ublic

anIV

Sezz

aSe

tia-

--

Rep

ublic

anLa

tium

Tiv

oli

Tib

ur

-25

.6-

Rep

ublic

anLa

tium

Ala

tri

Ale

triu

m-

--

Rep

ublic

an (13

0-12

0 BCE)

Latiu

m

Alfed

ena

Aufiden

a-

--

Rep

ublic

an (3C

BCE)

IV

Copia

Copia

/Thurii

--

-Rep

ublic

an (ea

rly1

C B

CE)

III

Monte

sarc

hio

Cau

diu

m-

--

Rep

ublic

an (m

id1C

BCE)

II

|

Table

24.

Rep

ublic

an P

erio

d S

orted

by

Squar

e M

eter

s.


Moder

n N

ame

Site

Lengt

hW

idth

W/L

m²

Dat

eReg

/Pro

v

Civ

idal

eFo

rum

Iulii

37.4

7.85

0.21

293.

59Augu

stan

(1C

BCE)

X

Velle

iaVe

leia

35.3

11.7

0.33

413.

01Augu

stan

(15

BCE)

VII

I

Am

purias

Em

porion

508.

40.

1742

0.00

Augu

stan

Tar

raco

nen

sis

Coim

bra

Conim

briga

133

13.6

0.41

448.

80Augu

stan

Lusi

tania

Rose

lleRuse

llae

29.4

17.6

0.60

517.

44Augu

stoTib

eria

nVII

Mag

dal

ensb

erg

Virunum

?29

.618

.10.

6153

5.76

Augu

stan

Noricu

m

Mar

tigny

Cla

udii)

156

.512

0.21

678.

00Augu

stan

?Rae

tia

Sago

nte

Sagu

ntu

m37

.818

.30.

4869

1.74

Augu

stan

Tar

raco

nen

sis

Fasa

no

Gnat

hia

34.5

21.7

0.63

748.

65Augu

stan

II

Pes

toPae

stum

38.0

522

.60.

5985

9.93

Augu

stan

(1-

3 CE)

III

(Anci

ent) C

orinth

Corinth

-Julia

n38

.43

23.5

50.

6190

5.03

Augu

stan

(2

BCE-4

/5 C

E)

Ach

aia

Cas

tel R

ousi

llion

Rusc

ino

47.8

190.

4090

8.20

Augu

stan

?N

arbonen

sis

St. Rem

yG

lanum

44.5

21.4

0.48

952.

30Augu

stan

Nar

bonen

sis

Ord

ona

Her

donia

42.0

026

.75

0.64

1123

.50

Augu

stan

(3/

2 BCE)

II

Ben

evag

ienna

Bag

iennoru

m58

240.

4113

92.0

0Augu

stan

IX

Fano

Fanum

Fortunae

47.3

129

.57

0.63

1398

.96

Augu

stan

VI

Luni

Luna

6024

0.40

1440

.00

Augu

stoTib

eria

nVII

Ast

org

aAst

urica

Augu

sta

6625

.50.

3916

83.0

0Augu

stan

Tar

raco

nen

sis

Tar

raco

Tar

rago

na

74.8

27.6

0.37

2064

.48

Augu

stan

+Tar

raco

nen

sis

Coru

na

del

Conde

Clu

nia

83.6

25.4

0.30

2123

.44

Augu

stan

Tar

raco

nen

sis

Cin

goli

Cin

gulu

m-

--

Augu

stan

(1C

BCE)

V

Pouzz

ole

sPute

oli

Cau

diu

m-

--

Augu

stan

I

|

Table

25.

Augu

stan

Per

iod S

orted

by

Are

a in

Squar

e M

eter

s.


oder

n N

ame

Site

Lengt

hW

idth

W/L

m²

Dat

eReg

/Pro

v

Civ

idal

eFo

rum

Iulii

37.4

7.85

0.21

293.

59Augu

stan

(1C

BCE)

X

Velle

iaVe

leia

35.3

11.7

0.33

413.

01Augu

stan

(15

BCE)

VII

I

Am

purias

Em

porion

508.

40.

1742

0.00

Augu

stan

Tar

raco

nen

sis

Coim

bra

Conim

briga

133

13.6

0.41

448.

80Augu

stan

Lusi

tania

Rose

lleRuse

llae

29.4

17.6

0.60

517.

44Augu

stoTib

eria

nVII

Mag

dal

ensb

erg

Virunum

?29

.618

.10.

6153

5.76

Augu

stan

Noricu

m

Mar

tigny

Oct

oduru

s (F

oru

m C

laudii)

156

.512

0.21

678.

00Augu

stan

?Rae

tia

Sago

nte

Sagu

ntu

m37

.818

.30.

4869

1.74

Augu

stan

Tar

raco

nen

sis

Fasa

no

Gnat

hia

34.5

21.7

0.63

748.

65Augu

stan

II

Pes

toPae

stum

38.0

522

.60.

5985

9.93

Augu

stan

(1-

3 CE)

III

(Anci

ent) C

orinth

Corinth

-Julia

n38

.43

23.5

50.

6190

5.03

Augu

stan

(2

BCE-4

/5 C

E)

Ach

aia

Cas

tel R

ousi

llion

Rusc

ino

47.8

190.

4090

8.20

Augu

stan

?N

arbonen

sis

St. Rem

yG

lanum

44.5

21.4

0.48

952.

30Augu

stan

Nar

bonen

sis

Anse

donia

Cosa

3527

.30.

7895

5.50

Rep

ublic

an (15

0 BCE)

VII

Ard

eaArd

ea45

.823

.80.

5310

90.0

4Rep

ublic

an (10

0-80

BCE)

Latiu

m

Ord

ona

Her

donia

42.0

026

.75

0.64

1123

.50

Augu

stan

(3/

2 BCE)

II

Linte

rno

Lite

rnum

4724

.50.

5211

51.5

0Rep

ublic

anI

Pal

estrin

aPra

enes

te55

240.

4413

20.0

0Rep

ublic

an (2C

BCE)

Latiu

m

Pom

pei

iPom

pei

i54

.724

.50.

4513

40.1

5Rep

ublic

an (13

0-12

0)I

Ben

evag

ienna

Augu

sta

Bag

iennoru

m58

240.

4113

92.0

0Augu

stan

IX

Fano

Fanum

Fortunae

47.3

129

.57

0.63

1398

.96

Augu

stan

VI

Luni

Luna

6024

0.40

1440

.00

Augu

stoTib

eria

nVII

Ast

org

aAst

urica

Augu

sta

6625

.50.

3916

83.0

0Augu

stan

Tar

raco

nen

sis

Tar

raco

Tar

rago

na

74.8

27.6

0.37

2064

.48

Augu

stan

+Tar

raco

nen

sis

Coru

na

del

Conde

Clu

nia

83.6

25.4

0.30

2123

.44

Augu

stan

Tar

raco

nen

sis

Rom

aRom

e-Aem

elia

95.6

22.5

0.24

2151

.00

Rep

ublic

an/A

ugu

stan

Latiu

m

Rom

aRom

e-Iu

lia89

410.

4636

49.0

0Rep

ublic

an/A

ugu

stan

Latiu

m

Car

soli

Car

seoli

--

-Rep

ublic

anIV

Sezz

aSe

tia-

--

Rep

ublic

anLa

tium

Tiv

oli

Tib

ur

-25

.6-

Rep

ublic

anLa

tium

Ala

tri

Ale

triu

m-

--

Rep

ublic

an (13

0-12

0 BCE)

Latiu

m

Alfed

ena

Aufiden

a-

--

Rep

ublic

an (3C

BCE)

IV

Copia

Copia

/Thurii

--

-Rep

ublic

an (ea

rly1

C B

CE)

III

Monte

sarc

hio

Cau

diu

m-

--

Rep

ublic

an (m

id1C

BCE)

II

|

Table

26.

Rep

ublic

an a

nd A

ugu

stan

Per

iods

Sorted

by

Are

a in

Squar

e M

eter

s.


Moder

n N

ame

Site

Lengt

hW

idth

W/L

m²

Dat

eReg

/Pro

v

Cap

ena

Lucu

s Fe

ronia

e19

.613

.60.

6926

6.56

1C C

E (

/14-

20)

VII

Monte

ner

odom

oIu

vanum

36.0

413

.20.

3747

5.73

1C C

E (

Julio

-Cla

udia

n)

IV

Sepin

oSa

epin

ium

29.7

18.1

0.61

537.

571C

CE (

Tib

eria

n+)

IV

Vale

ria

Vale

ria

30.5

190.

6257

9.50

1C C

E (

Cla

udia

n)

Tar

raco

nen

sis

Mar

tigny

Oct

oduru

s (F

oru

m C

laudii)

237

.518

.50.

4969

3.75

1C C

E (

Cla

udia

n)

Rae

tia

(Anci

ent) C

orinth

Corinth

-North

46.1

20.8

0.45

958.

881C

CE (

Cla

udia

n?)

Ach

aia

Kem

pte

nCam

bodunum

44.1

23.6

0.59

1040

.76

1C C

E 3

/4Bel

gica

Ave

zzan

oAlb

a Fu

cens

5021

.80.

4410

90.0

01C

CE (

1/2)

IV

Lepci

sLe

ptis

Mag

na-

Vetu

s45

.525

.20.

5511

46.6

01C

CE (

1/2)

Tripolis

Vid

y-Va

ud

Louso

nna

69.5

170.

2411

81.5

01C

CE (

2/4)

Nar

bonen

sis

Citl

uk

Aeq

uum

, Colo

nia

Cla

udia

59.5

200.

3411

90.0

01C

CE (

Cla

udia

n?)

Dal

mat

ia

Vols

inii

Bols

ena

5725

.70.

4514

64.9

01C

CE (

50-7

0)VII

Feurs

Foru

m S

egusi

avoru

m67

.523

.30.

3515

72.7

51C

CE (

Tib

eria

n)

Gau

l

Cal

atay

ud

Bilb

ilis

--

-1C

CE (

Tib

eria

n)

Iber

ia

Zad

arIa

dar

--

-1C

CE (

1/2)

Illy

ricu

m

Otric

oli

Ocr

iculu

m-

--

1C C

E (

Cla

udia

n)

VI

|

Table

27.

Julio

-Cla

udia

n P

erio

d S

orted

by

Are

a in

Squar

e M

eter

s.


oder

n N

ame

Site

Lengt

hW

idth

W/L

m²

Dat

eReg

/Pro

v

Cap

ena

Lucu

s Fe

ronia

e19

.613

.60.

6926

6.56

1C C

E (

/14-

20)

VII

Civ

idal

eFo

rum

Iulii

37.4

7.85

0.21

293.

59Augu

stan

(1C

BCE)

X

Velle

iaVe

leia

35.3

11.7

0.33

413.

01Augu

stan

(15

BCE)

VII

I

Am

purias

Em

porion

508.

40.

1742

0.00

Augu

stan

Tar

raco

nen

sis

Coim

bra

Conim

briga

133

13.6

0.41

448.

80Augu

stan

Lusi

tania

Monte

ner

odom

oIu

vanum

36.0

413

.20.

3747

5.73

1C C

E (

Julio

-Cla

udia

n)

IV

Rose

lleRuse

llae

29.4

17.6

0.60

517.

44Augu

stoTib

eria

nVII

Mag

dal

ensb

erg

Virunum

?29

.618

.10.

6153

5.76

Augu

stan

Noricu

m

Sepin

oSa

epin

ium

29.7

18.1

0.61

537.

571C

CE (

Tib

eria

n+)

IV

Vale

ria

Vale

ria

30.5

190.

6257

9.50

1C C

E (

Cla

udia

n)

Tar

raco

nen

sis

Mar

tigny

Oct

oduru

s (F

oru

m C

laudii)

156

.512

0.21

678.

00Augu

stan

?Rae

tia

Sago

nte

Sagu

ntu

m37

.818

.30.

4869

1.74

Augu

stan

Tar

raco

nen

sis

Mar

tigny

Oct

oduru

s (F

oru

m C

laudii)

237

.518

.50.

4969

3.75

1C C

E (

Cla

udia

n)

Rae

tia

Fasa

no

Gnat

hia

34.5

21.7

0.63

748.

65Augu

stan

II

Pes

toPae

stum

38.0

522

.60.

5985

9.93

Augu

stan

(1-

3 CE)

III

(Anci

ent) C

orinth

Corinth

-Julia

n38

.43

23.5

50.

6190

5.03

Augu

stan

(2

BCE-4

/5 C

E)

Ach

aia

Cas

tel R

ousi

llion

Rusc

ino

47.8

190.

4090

8.20

Augu

stan

?N

arbonen

sis

St. Rem

yG

lanum

44.5

21.4

0.48

952.

30Augu

stan

Nar

bonen

sis

(Anci

ent) C

orinth

Corinth

-North

46.1

20.8

0.45

958.

881C

CE (

Cla

udia

n?)

Ach

aia

Kem

pte

nCam

bodunum

44.1

23.6

0.59

1040

.76

1C C

E 3

/4Bel

gica

Ave

zzan

oAlb

a Fu

cens

5021

.80.

4410

90.0

01C

CE (

1/2)

IV

Ord

ona

Her

donia

42.0

026

.75

0.64

1123

.50

Augu

stan

(3/

2 BCE)

II

Lepci

sLe

ptis

Mag

na-

Vetu

s45

.525

.20.

5511

46.6

01C

CE (

1/2)

Tripolis

Vid

y-Va

ud

Louso

nna

69.5

170.

2411

81.5

01C

CE (

2/4)

Nar

bonen

sis

Citl

uk

Aeq

uum

, Colo

nia

Cla

udia

59.5

200.

3411

90.0

01C

CE (

Cla

udia

n?)

Dal

mat

ia

Ben

evag

ienna

Augu

sta

Bag

iennoru

m58

240.

4113

92.0

0Augu

stan

IX

Fano

Fanum

Fortunae

47.3

129

.57

0.63

1398

.96

Augu

stan

VI

Luni

Luna

6024

0.40

1440

.00

Augu

stoTib

eria

nVII

Vols

inii

Bols

ena

5725

.70.

4514

64.9

01C

CE (

50-7

0)VII

Feurs

Foru

m S

egusi

avoru

m67

.523

.30.

3515

72.7

51C

CE (

Tib

eria

n)

Gau

l

Ast

org

aAst

urica

Augu

sta

6625

.50.

3916

83.0

0Augu

stan

Tar

raco

nen

sis

Tar

raco

Tar

rago

na

74.8

27.6

0.37

2064

.48

Augu

stan

+Tar

raco

nen

sis...

/...


Moder

n N

ame

Site

Lengt

hW

idth

W/L

m²

Dat

eReg

/Pro

v

Coru

na

del

Conde

Clu

nia

83.6

25.4

0.30

2123

.44

Augu

stan

Tarr

aconen

sis

Cin

goli

Cin

gulu

m-

--

Augu

stan

(1C

BCE)

V

Pouzz

ole

sPute

oli

--

-Augu

stan

I

Cal

atay

ud

Bilb

ilis

--

-1C

CE (

Tib

eria

n)

Iber

ia

Zad

arIa

dar

--

-1C

CE (

1/2)

Illy

ricu

m

Otric

oli

Ocr

iculu

m-

--

1C C

E (

Cla

udia

n)

VI

|

Table

28.

Augu

stan

and Julio

-Cla

udia

n P

erio

ds

Sorted

by

Are

a in

Squar

e M

eter

s.


Moder

n N

ame

Site

Lengt

hW

idth

W/L

m²

Dat

eReg

/Pro

v

Coim

bra

Conim

briga

239

.55.

50.

1421

7.25

1C C

E (

Flav

ian)

Lusi

tania

Tad

mor

Pal

myr

a75

350.

4726

2.00

1-3C

CE

Syria

Bolo

nia

Bae

lo C

laudia

31.6

18.3

0.58

262.

281C

CE (

ca. 70

)Ib

eria

Zugl

ioFo

rum

Iuliu

m C

arnic

um

38.5

7.45

0.19

286.

831C

CE (

Flav

ian)

X

Trier

Augu

sta

Tre

vero

rum

I25

130.

5232

5.00

1C C

EBel

gica

Bav

aiBag

acum

23.6

14.7

0.62

346.

921C

CE

Bel

gica

Deu

tsch

-Alte

nburg

Car

nuntu

m13

428

.75

0.21

385.

251C

CE (

post

73)

Pan

nonia

Luni

Luna-

S. B

ldg.

30.5

15.9

0.52

484.

951C

CE?

VII

Cai

stor-

by-

Norw

ich

Venta

Ice

noru

m53

.99.

10.

1749

0.49

1-2C

CE

Brita

nnia

Cae

rwen

tVe

nta

Silu

rum

4913

.50.

2866

1.50

1-2C

CE

Brita

nnia

Sange

min

iCar

sula

e29

230.

7966

7.00

1C C

EVI

Vosg

esG

rand (

Andes

ina?

)33

.420

.20.

6167

4.68

1C C

E (

end)

Lugd

unen

sis

Bre

scia

Brixi

a45

18.7

50.

4284

3.75

1C C

E (

Flav

ian)

X

(Anci

ent) C

orinth

Corinth

-South

38.5

223

.50

0.61

905.

221C

CE (

4/4)

Ach

aia

Silc

hes

ter

Cal

leva

Arteb

atum

7117

.70.

2512

56.7

01C

CE (

Flav

ian)

Brita

nnia

Zouag

ha

Sabra

tha

I48

.526

.40.

5412

80.4

01C

CE (

70-8

0)Tripolit

ania

Vero

na

Vero

na

7525

0.33

1875

.00

1C C

E (

Flav

ian)

X

Bav

aiBag

acum

-Eas

t Com

ple

x79

28.2

0.36

2227

.80

1C C

EBel

gica

Ciren

cest

erCoriniu

m D

obunnoru

m99

.97

26.5

20.

2726

51.2

01C

CE (

late

)Brita

nnia

Mac

tar

Mac

taris

--

1C C

E (

88)

Afr

ica

Sale

/Rab

atSa

la-

-1C

CE (

end/b

egin

2C)

Mau

reta

nia

Subeq

uan

aSu

per

aequum

--

1C C

EIV

Ter

raci

na

Tar

raci

na

--

1C C

ELa

tium

Teb

essa

Thev

este

(?)

--

1C C

EAfr

ica

Pro

con.

Vais

on-la-

Rom

aine

Vasi

o V

oco

ntio

rum

-12

.61C

CE?

Nar

bonen

sis

|

Table

29.

Fla

vian

and F

irst

Cen

tury

CE o

f U

nce

rtai

n D

ate

Sorted

by

Are

a in

Squar

e M

eter

s.


Moder

n N

ame

Site

Lengt

hW

idth

W/L

m²

Dat

eReg

/Pro

v

Coim

bra

Conim

briga

239

.55.

50.

1421

7.25

1C C

E (

Flav

ian)

Lusi

tania

Tad

mor

Pal

myr

a75

350.

4726

2.00

1-3C

CE

Syria

Bolo

nia

Bae

lo C

laudia

31.6

18.3

0.58

262.

281C

CE (

ca. 70

)Ib

eria

Cap

ena

Lucu

s Fe

ronia

e19

.613

.60.

6926

6.56

1C C

E (

/14-

20)

VII

Zugl

ioFo

rum

Iuliu

m C

arnic

um

38.5

7.45

0.19

286.

831C

CE (

Flav

ian)

X

Civ

idal

eFo

rum

Iulii

37.4

7.85

0.21

293.

59Augu

stan

(1C

BC)

X

Trier

Augu

sta

Tre

vero

rum

I25

130.

5232

5.00

1C C

EBel

gica

Bav

aiBag

acum

23.6

14.7

0.62

346.

921C

CE

Bel

gica

Deu

tsch

-Alte

nburg

Car

nuntu

m13

428

.75

0.21

385.

251C

CE (

post

73)

Pan

nonia

Velle

iaVe

leia

35.3

11.7

0.33

413.

01Augu

stan

(15

BC)

VII

I

Am

purias

Em

porion

508.

40.

1742

0.00

Augu

stan

Tar

raco

nen

sis

Coim

bra

Conim

briga

133

13.6

0.41

448.

80Augu

stan

Lusi

tania

Monte

ner

odom

oIu

vanum

36.0

413

.20.

3747

5.73

1C C

E (

Julio

-Cla

udia

n)

IV

Luni

Luna-

S. B

ldg.

30.5

15.9

0.52

484.

951C

CE?

VII

Cai

stor-

by-

Norw

ich

Venta

Ice

noru

m53

.99.

10.

1749

0.49

1-2C

CE

Brita

nnia

Rose

lleRuse

llae

29.4

17.6

0.60

517.

44Augu

stoTib

eria

nVII

Mag

dal

ensb

erg

Virunum

?29

.618

.10.

6153

5.76

Augu

stan

Noricu

m

Sepin

oSa

epin

ium

29.7

18.1

0.61

537.

571C

CE (

Tib

eria

n+)

IV

Vale

ria

Vale

ria

30.5

190.

6257

9.50

1C C

E (

Cla

udia

n)

Tar

raco

nen

sis

Cae

rwen

tVe

nta

Silu

rum

4913

.50.

2866

1.50

1-2C

CE

Brita

nnia

Sange

min

iCar

sula

e29

230.

7966

7.00

1C C

EVI

Vosg

esG

rand (

Andes

ina?

)33

.420

.20.

6167

4.68

1C C

E (

end)

Lugd

unen

sis

Mar

tigny

Oct

oduru

s (F

oru

m C

laudii)

156

.512

0.21

678.

00Augu

stan

?Rae

tia

Sago

nte

Sagu

ntu

m37

.818

.30.

4869

1.74

Augu

stan

Tar

raco

nen

sis

Mar

tigny

Oct

oduru

s (F

oru

m C

laudii)

237

.518

.50.

4969

3.75

1C C

E (

Cla

udia

n)

Rae

tia

Fasa

no

Gnat

hia

34.5

21.7

0.63

748.

65Augu

stan

II

Bre

scia

Brixi

a45

18.7

50.

4284

3.75

1C C

E (

Flav

ian)

X

Pes

toPae

stum

38.0

522

.60.

5985

9.93

Augu

stan

(1-

3 CE)

III

(Anci

ent) C

orinth

Corinth

-Julia

n38

.43

23.5

50.

6190

5.03

Augu

stan

(2B

C-4

/5CE

Ach

aia

(Anci

ent) C

orinth

Corinth

-South

38.5

223

.50

0.61

905.

221C

CE (

4/4)

Ach

aia

Cas

tel R

ousi

llion

Rusc

ino

47.8

190.

4090

8.20

Augu

stan

?N

arbonen

sis

St. Rem

yG

lanum

44.5

21.4

0.48

952.

30Augu

stan

Nar

bonen

sis

.../.

..


|

Table

30.

Augu

stan

and F

irst

Cen

tury

CE S

orted

by

Are

a in

Squar

e M

eter

s.

Moder

n N

ame

Site

Lengt

hW

idth

W/L

m²

Dat

eReg

/Pro

v

(Anci

ent) C

orinth

Corinth

-North

46.1

20.8

0.45

958.

881C

CE (

Cla

udia

n?)

Ach

aia

Kem

pte

nCam

bodunum

44.1

23.6

0.59

1040

.76

1C C

E 3

/4Bel

gica

Ave

zzan

oAlb

a Fu

cens

5021

.80.

4410

90.0

01C

CE (

1/2)

IV

Ord

ona

Her

donia

42.0

026

.75

0.64

1123

.50

Augu

stan

(3/

2 B

C)

II

Lepci

sLe

ptis

Mag

na-

Vetu

s45

.525

.20.

5511

46.6

01C

CE (

1/2)

Trip

olis

Vid

y-Vau

dLo

uso

nna

69.5

170.

2411

81.5

01C

CE (

2/4)

Nar

bonen

sis

Citl

uk

Aeq

uum

, Colo

nia

Cla

udia

59.5

200.

3411

90.0

01C

CE (

Cla

udia

n?)

Dal

mat

ia

Silc

hes

ter

Cal

leva

Arteb

atum

7117

.70.

2512

56.7

01C

CE (

Flav

ian)

Brita

nnia

Zouag

ha

Sabra

tha

I48

.526

.40.

5412

80.4

01C

CE (

70-8

0)Tr

ipolit

ania

Ben

evag

ienna

Augu

sta

Bag

iennoru

m58

240.

4113

92.0

0A

ugu

stan

IX

Fano

Fanum

Fortunae

47.3

129

.57

0.63

1398

.96

Augu

stan

VI

Luni

Luna

6024

0.40

1440

.00

Augu

stoTib

eria

nVII

Vols

inii

Bols

ena

5725

.70.

4514

64.9

01C

CE (

50-7

0)VII

Feurs

Foru

m S

egusi

avoru

m67

.523

.30.

3515

72.7

51C

CE (

Tib

eria

n)

Gau

l

Ast

org

aAst

urica

Augu

sta

6625

.50.

3916

83.0

0A

ugu

stan

Tarr

aconen

sis

Ver

ona

Vero

na

7525

0.33

1875

.00

1C C

E (

Flav

ian)

X

Tar

raco

Tarr

agona

74.8

27.6

0.37

2064

.48

Augu

stan

+Ta

rrac

onen

sis

Coru

na

del

Conde

Clu

nia

83.6

25.4

0.30

2123

.44

Augu

stan

Tarr

aconen

sis

Rom

aRom

e-Aem

elia

95.6

22.5

0.24

2151

.00

Rep

ublic

an/A

ugu

stan

Latiu

m

Bav

aiBag

acum

-Eas

t Com

ple

x79

28.2

0.36

2227

.80

1C C

EBel

gica

Ciren

cest

erCoriniu

m D

obunnoru

m99

.97

26.5

20.

2726

51.2

01C

CE (

late

)Brita

nnia

Rom

aRom

e-Iu

lia89

410.

4636

49.0

0A

ugu

stan

(12

BC/1

2 CE)

Latiu

m

Cal

atay

ud

Bilb

ilis

--

-1C

CE (

Tib

eria

n)

Iber

ia

Cin

goli

Cin

gulu

m-

--

Augu

stan

(1C

BC)

V

Zad

aIa

dar

--

-1C

CE (

1/2)

Illy

ricu

m

Mac

tar

Mac

taris

--

-1C

CE (

88)

Afric

a

Otric

oli

Ocr

iculu

m-

--

1C C

E (

Cla

udia

n)

VI

Pouzz

ole

sPute

oli

--

-A

ugu

stan

I

Sale

/Rab

atSa

la-

--

1C C

E (

end/b

egin

2C)

Mau

reta

nia

Subeq

uan

aSu

per

aequum

--

-1C

CE

IV

Terr

acin

aTa

rrac

ina

--

-1C

CE

Latiu

m

Tebes

saThev

este

(?)

--

-1C

CE

Afric

a Pro

con.

Vai

son-la-

Rom

aine

Vas

io V

oco

ntio

rum

-12

.6-

1C C

E?

Nar

bonen

sis


Moder

n N

ame

Site

Lengt

hW

idth

W/L

m²

Dat

eReg

/Pro

v

Santo

rini

Ther

a33

.810

0.34

338.

002C

CE (

102-

116)

Cre

ta

Shaq

qa

Shaq

qa

19.8

18.3

0.92

362.

342C

CE (

4/4)

Syria

Sreb

renic

aD

om

avia

31.0

11.9

0.38

368.

902C

CE?

Dal

mat

ia

Kre

mna

Ban

asa

Vale

ntia

34.5

120.

3541

4.00

2C C

E?

Mau

reta

nia

Soca

nic

eM

unic

ipiu

m D

ardan

oru

m(-

icum

)30

.414

.30.

4743

4.72

2C C

E (

2/2)

Moes

ia S

up.

Tim

gad

Tham

uga

di

2915

0.52

435.

002C

CE (

Tra

j/H

adrian

ic)

Num

idia

Alis

e-St

. Rei

ne

Ale

sia

33.5

013

0.39

435.

502C

CE

Gau

l

Exe

ter

Isca

Dum

nonio

rum

51ca

. 9

0.18

459.

002C

CE

Brita

nnia

Dje

mila

Cuic

ul-Ju

lia37

.513

.50.

3650

6.25

2C C

E (

ca. 16

9)N

um

idia

Bulla

Reg

iaBulla

Reg

ia-1

2323

?1.

0052

9.00

2C C

E (

Had

rian

ic)

Afr

ica

Tak

embrit

Sigu

s/Si

ga27

.75

19.6

0.71

543.

902C

CE (

1/4)

Num

idia

Aost

aTip

asa

35.5

515

.50.

4455

1.03

2C C

E (

end)

Mau

reta

nia

Szek

esfe

her

var

Gors

ium

-Her

culia

5511

0.20

605.

002C

CE (

Tra

janic

?)Pan

nonia

Duklja

Docl

ea48

140.

2967

2.00

2C C

E (

1/4)

Illy

ricu

m

Leic

este

rRat

ae C

oriet

auvo

rum

47.0

714

.94

0.32

703.

232C

CE

Brita

nnia

Antic

a O

stia

Ost

ia36

.523

.50.

6485

7.75

2C C

E (

152)

Latiu

m

Shah

atCre

mna

5519

0.35

1045

.00

2C C

E (

Had

rian

ic)

Gal

atia

Burn

um

Munic

ipiu

m B

urn

ista

rum

58.2

18.1

0.31

1053

.42

2C C

E (

Tra

janic

)D

alm

atia

Kham

issa

Thuburs

icum

-Vet

us

39.1

28.4

0.73

1110

.44

2C C

EN

um

idia

Tries

teTer

gest

e58

22.5

0.39

1305

.00

2C C

E (

Tra

janic

)X

Glo

uce

ster

Gle

vum

6321

0.33

1323

.00

2C C

EBrita

nnia

Asc

alon

Viroco

niu

m61

.522

.50.

3713

83.7

52C

CE (

129)

Brita

nnia

Min

turn

oM

intu

rnae

5826

0.45

1508

.00

2C C

E (

Had

rian

ic)

Latiu

m

Xan

ten

Vete

ra62

.024

.40.

3915

12.8

02C

CE (

Tra

janic

?)G

erm

ania

Sidi al

i bou D

jenoun

Cyr

ene

66.3

22.9

0.35

1518

.27

2C C

E (

Had

rian

ic?)

Cyr

ene

Bet

h S

hea

nSc

yopolis

6528

0.43

1820

.00

2C C

EJu

dae

a

Tef

essa

dAugu

sta

Rau

rica

65.5

28.5

0.44

1866

.75

2C C

E (

mid

)G

aul

Sam

aria

/Seb

astia

Sam

aria

/Seb

aste

75.5

29.5

0.39

2227

.25

2C C

EJu

dae

a

Wro

xter

Asc

alon

87.9

340.

3729

88.6

02C

CE (

late

/ear

ly 3

C)

Judae

a

Byr

saCar

thag

e83

.28

43.3

60.

5236

11.0

22C

CE (

2/2)

Afr

ica

Pro

con.

Izm

irSm

yrna

159

270.

1742

93.0

02C

CE (

mid

)Asi

a

Rom

aRom

e-U

lpia

113.

854

.50.

4862

02.1

02C

CE (

Tra

janic

)La

tium

Bou-G

har

aAbel

la-

--

2C C

EI

.../.

..


|

Table

31.

Sec

ond C

entu

ry C

E S

orted

by

Are

a in

Squar

e M

eter

s.

Moder

n N

ame

Site

Lengt

hW

idth

W/L

m²

Dat

eReg

/Pro

v

Trip

oli

Corfi

niu

m-

--

2C C

EIV

Ave

llaFe

rentin

um

--

-2C

CE

Latiu

m

Corfi

nio

Gig

this

--

-2C

CE

Afr

ica

Fere

nto

Lepci

s M

agna-

mai

or

--

-2C

CE (

102)

Trip

olis

Lepci

sLe

pci

s M

agna-

Ulp

ia-

--

2C C

E (

Traj

anic

?)Tr

ipolis

Sbei

tlaO

ea-

--

2C C

EA

fric

a Pro

con.

Lepci

sSu

fetu

la-

--

2C C

E (

mid

)A

fric

a Pro

con.

Moder

n N

ame

Site

Lengt

hW

idth

W/L

m²

Dat

eReg

/Pro

v

M’D

aouro

uch

Mad

aura

-Vet

us

14.6

8.2

0.56

119.

723C

CE (

Seve

ran)

Afr

ica

Pro

con.

Announa

Tib

ilis

297.

50.

2621

7.50

3C C

E (

210/

211)

Num

idia

Kas

ar P

har

aoun

Volu

bili

s38

.620

.80.

5480

2.88

3C C

E (

Seve

ran)

Mau

reta

nia

Laden

burg

Lopodunum

-Civ

itas

Ulp

ia69

.226

.90.

3918

61.4

83C

CE

Bel

gica

Aquile

iaAquile

ia89

.229

0.33

2586

.80

3C C

E (

Seve

ran)

X

Bel

kis

Asp

endos

105.

4826

.90.

2628

37.4

13C

CE (

end)

Asi

a

Lepci

sLe

ptis

Mag

na-

Seve

rian

a88

.836

0.41

3196

.80

3C C

E (

216)

Tripolis

Vazi

Sar

ra-

--

3C C

EM

aure

tania

Bulla

Reg

iaBulla

Reg

ia-2

23-

-3C

CE (

2/2)

Afr

ica

|

Table

32.

Third C

entu

ry C

E S

orted

by

Are

a in

Squar

e M

eter

s.


Moder

n N

ame

Site

Lengt

hW

idth

W/L

m²

Dat

eReg

/Pro

v

Dje

mila

Cuic

ul-Ve

stia

ria

2412

0.50

288.

004C

CE (

367/

372)

Num

idia

Dje

mila

Cuic

ul-Fo

rum

Cec

ina

Alb

inus

3614

0.39

504.

004C

CE (

364/

367)

Num

idia

Zouag

ha

Sabra

tha-

Nova

28.6

19.8

0.67

566.

284C

CE (

2/2)

Tripolis

Trier

Augu

sta

Tre

vero

rum

56.1

327

.54

0.49

1545

.82

4C C

E (

1/4)

Bel

gica

Rom

aRom

a-Bas

ilica

Nova

9665

0.68

6240

.00

4C A

C (

post

31

3)La

tium

M’D

aouro

uch

Mad

aura

-Nova

--

-4C

CE

Afr

ica

Pro

con.

Ben

venen

toBen

even

tum

--

-4C

CE

II

Cirta

Const

antin

e-

--

4C C

E (

362)

Num

idia

Bej

aVa

ga-

--

4C C

E (

377)

Afr

ica

Pro

con.

Rheg

gio

Rheg

ium

--

-4C

CE (

or

5C)

III

|

Table

33.

Fourth C

entu

ry C

E S

orted

by

Are

a in

Squar

e M

eter

s.


| Fig. 1. Interior elevation of the south aisle of the Julian Basilica (drawn by the author).

| Fig. 2. Interior perspective, south end, drawn by James Herbst, architect of the Corinth excavations.

The Basilica at Fano and the Vitruvian Norm

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