The Awik-awik: Revitalization of Rights-based Fisheries in Jor Bay, East Lombok, Indonesia (by Dedi S.Adhuri)

The Awik-awik:Revitalization of Right-based Fisheries in Jor Bay, East Lombok,

Indonesia

Dedi S. Adhuri ([email protected])Research Center for Society and Culture, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)Jakarta, INDONESIA

The Outline

• Introduction

• Scene Setting of the Fishery

• The User-rights story

• The gains and pain

• Lessons learned

Ecosystem Approach to Small Scale Tropical Marine Fisheries (EAFM)?

• EAFM is a holistic approach to fisheries management that involves the entire socio-biotic system.

• The FAO definition is“....an ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF) strives to balance diverse societal objectives, by taking account of the knowledge and uncertainties of biotic, abiotic and human components of ecosystems and their interactions and applying an integrated approach to fisheries within ecologically meaningful boundaries.”

• An ecosystem approach is different from the way fisheries have been management historically where the focus is usually on a single species.

Introduction

Testing & adoption of Development plan

Practical Steps for the development of EAFM

Technology

Economy

Fish resources

Institutions

Habitat

Focus Group

discussions

Workshop

Key Informant

interview

Stakeholder Consultations:

Diagnosis

Setting of Indicators (resource condition & community needs)

&

Fisheries Management Plan (based

on EAFM)

Year 1

Years 2

and 3

Output (sustainable livelihoods, food, income,

education)

Social

Scene Setting of the Fishery

The Site

Lombok Island

Settlement

Settlement Settlement

The location

Agriculture land

Jor Bay

Total Area : 1000 Ha.

2 Village communities (4,115 HHs; 12,227 people)

1,475 floating cages for lobster and grouper grow-out

27 Ha Brackish fish pond

The Fisheries

Lift nets Gill net Circling net

247 boats ( 212 with small engines)

The Use Rights Story

District regulation on participatory fisheries management did not work on the ground; lack of

government support for its implementation

Possible over-exploitation and pollution (:

squid fisheries has collapsed, marine

culture was introuble).

Low income from fisheries (Poverty)

Coastal abrasion that threatened

settlement

User conflicts:

Fishers – AQ farmers),

Local vs outside fishers (with more advance

or destructive gears/techniques)

Pond AQ vs Marine culture

Environmentally unfriendly pond AQ

The diagnosis: Challenges and Opportunities for fisheries management

Management plan/options

1. Revitalization of Traditional Awik-awik Management (in Jor Bay)

2. Mangrove Planting

3. Deployment of squid attractors and shallow Water FAD

4. Livelihood supports:- Training for boat engine repair; - Training for AQ and marine culture up-

grade; - Women group livelihoods support

Revitalization of Traditional (Awik-awik)

Objectives :1. Re-establish traditional regulation for EAFM2. Establish co-management organization (committee)

for implementing EAFM

Approach:1. “Development from the bottom’ (Community

discussions/workshops from settlement levels (12 workshops), village (2 workshops) up to sub-distric levels (2 workshops)

2. Problems identification and regulation formulation

Main elements:1. defines management area (Kawasan Teluk Jor);

2. regulates the use of the area (i.e: fishing, floating cage,fish farming and fish pond farming)

3. regulates habitat and coastal resources conservation ( i.e mangrove, fish resources, coral reef and sea grass conservation, sand and rock mining prohibitions)

4. sets fines for any wrong doing against the regulations.

5. appoints the Pemangku Awik-awik Teluk Jor (PATJ) as the implementing agency for the bay management

The Awik-awik

The Management Area

6. Squid Attractor and Shallow Water FAD Introduction

Objectives:

1. stimulate resettlement of squid population

2. re-establish squid fisheries (management)

3. creating fish’s shelter for increasing fish population in adjacent water

4. increase productivity for coastal fisheries

5. Provide incentive for the development of EAFM

Mangrove Planting

Objectives :

1. Rehabilate mangrove forest2. Increase coastal productivity 3. Increase posibilities for the development of

mangrove related livelihoods4. Stimulate the development of EAFM

Approach :Community-based mangrove planting, maintenance and management

Location of mangrove plantings

10 Ha

Funded by IMACS and TNCActivities led by LPSDN

Mangrove seedlings (Rhizophora mucronata and Rhizophora stylosa)

Squid attractor prototypes

Fish Aggregating Device (FAD)

In class training

Making squid collector

Livelihood supports

Training on post harvest processing and

marketing development.

Training on aquaculture improvement,

focusing on grouper floating cage culture.

Training on mechanic for fisheries related

machineries/engines/motors

Training on household financial

management

The Gains and the Pain

Squid eggs

Squid population is re-building

The management institution is in place although not perfect (need some improvement)

More control and monitoring over the management area (: no more destructive fishing, decrease conflict within and between different users, relative balance between ecosystem use and nurture )

New products and better marketing

30% survival rate

No apparent result from AQ and Marine culture

Lessons Learned

Starts from local opportunities and challenges

Participatory and collaborative

Balance options of environtmental rehabilitation/enchancement and livelihoods development (short term and long term gains)

Exit Stategy and sustainability

Community is not a single compact entity: negotiations start from below

Supporting Institutions