The ASHRAE Building Energy Labeling Program · ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1 ‐2010 Energy Standard for ... distribution, like net zero or net positive buildings 8 August 2014 ASHRAE

THE ASHRAE BUILDING ENERGY LABELING PROGRAM William P. Bahnfleth, PhD, PE, FASHRAE, FASME The Pennsylvania State University ASHRAE Region X CRC August 8, 2014

Outline • Background • ASHRAE’s Labeling Program –Overview • In-Operation bEQ Details • Qualifications for Performing Ratings • Relationship of bEQ to Other Programs • Current Status • Summary • Further Information

8 August 2014 ASHRAE Region X CRC

Background


Labeling = Energy Certification

L. Pérez-Lombard, et al. 2009. Energy and Buildings 41: 272-278.

• Description of energy use characteristics • Information for prospective users concerning efficiency • Options for improvement


Objectives/Benefits of Labeling • Promote energy efficiency in real estate market

• Identify energy efficiency measures

• Support regulation of building efficiency

• Add to building performance database


What can ASHRAE contribute? • Credibility

• Technical capability • Experience as a consensus standards developer • Growing emphasis on building performance

• As a global organization, provide support for mandatory programs worldwide


Other Ratings that Address Energy Use • EU regulatory requirements • Singapore Green Mark • US EPA ENERGY STAR • US DOE Commercial Building Energy Asset Score (in development)

• USGBC LEED – sustainability rating • GBI Green Globes – sustainability rating • BOMA 360 – Energy one of six O&M-focused criteria

• State and city disclosure programs



Source: http://www.buildingrating.org/ updated 8/14

http://www.buildingrating.org/



Coverage of Current Disclosure Policies


Source: http://www.buildingrating.org/ updated 4/14


Value to professionals and owners • Professionals

• New service for consulting firms and others • Required certifications demonstrate competency

• Owners • Benchmarking • Participation enhances a company’s image reputation • Economic benefit of improving design and operation • Potential for mandatory labeling and related requirements in future


Key Issues • Modeled or measured • New or existing • Performance index • Energy labeling scale • What data are modeled/collected and by whom • Energy modeling/measurement methods • Identification of energy efficiency measures • Communication of data and results • Implementation: voluntary vs. mandatory


ASHRAE’s Labeling Program - Overview


Building Energy Quotient (bEQ) • As Designed rating

• New or existing building • Based on as-built conditions • Rates quality of building design • Based on energy model by certified modeler (BEMP or PE in

jurisdiction) • In Operation rating

• Existing buildings • Based on metered energy use • Rates combined effect of design and operation • Requires at least 18 months of operation for new buildings • Includes ASHRAE Level 1 audit by certified assessor (BEAP or PE

in jurisdiction)


Performance Index • What is measured?

• Site energy • Source energy • On-site renewables • Emissions

• What is the reference case? • Occupancy • Climate zone

• Normalized Source Energy Use Intensity • Modeled (As Designed) or

measured (In Operation) energy per unit of area

• Represent as % of modeled or calculated reference value

• Includes on-site renewables


As Designed bEQ • EUIStandard

• Source energy use of actual building design computed using standard occupancy and operational schedules

• Site-source conversion based on typical conversion factors

• EUIMedian • From EUI table in workbook or ENERGY STAR Target finder for

covered types (ENERGY STAR link to be phased out)

100StandardAs Designed

Median

EUIbEQEUI

= ⋅


As-Designed Modeling Rules • Adapted from

• Informative Appendix G Performance Rating Method (PRM) of ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1‐2010 Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low‐Rise Residential Buildings

• COMNET Commercial Buildings Energy Modeling Guidelines and Procedures, from RESNET Publication Number 2010‐001 dated August 16, 2010

• U.S. Department of Energy Commercial Reference Building Models of the National Building Stock, NREL/TP‐5500‐46861 dated February 2011.


As-Designed Median EUI Table


In Operation bEQ • EUIMetered

• Metered energy use intensity

• EUIMedian • Based on methodology of ASHRAE Standard 100 (in revision) • Normalized for climate and operating hours • Calculated automatically in workbook based on user input

100MeteredIn Operation

Median

EUIbEQEUI

= ⋅


As Designed & In Operation Rating Coordination?

• Ideally, could compare asset and operational rating

• However...

• Modeling for asset rating based on standardized assumptions • In Operation rating reflects behavior of real occupants, may include

loads not modeled in asset rating

• Modeling rules need to achieve ~ median EUI for real buildings


Rating Scale Approaches Statistical Technical Potential

Compare value to mean of actual distribution Compare to what is possible, practical, typical as defined by codes

Technical potential scales can rate performance that falls outside the current distribution, like net zero or net positive buildings


Technical Potential vs. Statistical Scale


bEQ Scale Definitions Rating Scale Rating Description

≤0 A+ Zero Net Energy 1-25 A High Performance 26-55 A- Very Good 56-85 B Efficient 86-115 C Average

116-145 D Inefficient >145 F Unsatisfactory

Original descriptions and scale ranges have been adjusted based on pilot results.


bEQ Communication • bEQ Workbook

• Documents Rating Calculation • Provides Supplemental Information

• bEQ Certificate • Contains Key Building Information • Satisfies Disclosure Requirements • Provides Info for Tenants & Governments

• bEQ Dashboard • Illustrates Level of Performance

• bEQ Plaque • Public Display of Building’s Rating


Communication- Workbook • Completed by the professional

• Submitted electronically to ASHRAE for rating


Communication – bEQ Certificate • More detailed documentation including,

• Site/source use by energy source type • Electric demand • Energy cost • Energy saving features • Subsystem energy use • IEQ screening • …


bEQ Certificate


Communication – bEQ Dashboard


Illustrates level of performance

Communication - bEQ Plaque

One label for both ratings


In-Operation bEQ Details


Process • Owner retains and pays assessor directly based on

negotiated fees • Assessor performs assessment (including Level 1 audit)

and completes forms (Excel spreadsheet) • Forms are uploaded to ASHRAE web site together with

signed Terms and Conditions form • Assessor pays $500 registration fee to ASHRAE when

submitting • Submittal is reviewed/approved by bEQ Committee • Complaint procedure for disputed ratings


Workbook – Terms and Conditions


Form 1 - Building Characteristics • Building contact person

• Year of construction • Area, floors • Brief description • Renovation history • Commissioning history • On-site renewables • Other performance credentials


Form 2 – Energy Calculations


Form 3 – IEQ Screening • Confirm that IEQ has not been compromised by pursuit of energy efficiency • Measurements in

identified areas • Optional survey • Comfort • Lighting • Ventilation


Form 4 – Suggestions for Additional Energy Savings • Envelope • Lighting • HVAC • Utility Operation • Based on judgment of assessor

• Include rough cost and payback estimate


Form 5 – Energy End-Use Breakdown

• Optional, if data is available

• Assessor fills in table and pie chart is generated automatically


Qualifications to Perform Ratings


Required Qualifications • As Designed rating – Building Energy Modeling

Professional (BEMP) www.ashrae.org/BEMP • In Operation rating – Building Energy Assessment

Professional (BEAP) www.ashrae.org/BEAP • Alternatively, PE in jurisdiction of rating • ASHRAE Certification information web page

http://www.ashrae.org/education--certification/certification ASHRAE certifications require • Combination of education and experience • Mastery of specified body of knowledge (pass exam) • Periodic renewal


http://www.ashrae.org/BEMP

http://www.ashrae.org/BEAP

http://www.ashrae.org/education--certification/certification

Building Energy Modeling Professional

• Certify ability to: • evaluate and choose • use and calibrate • interpret the results of

energy modeling software applied to new and existing buildings

• ~240 currently certified


Building Energy Assessment Professional

• Certify ability to audit and analyze residential, commercial, and industrial buildings, including: • determining project scope • collecting data • analyzing building performance • interpreting results • evaluating alternatives • recommending energy

conservation measures • assisting with ECM

implementation • ~290 currently certified


Find certified individuals at ASHRAE web


BEAP & BEMP Certifications


bEQ vis a vis Other Programs


Europe • Directive 2002/91/EC On the energy performance of buildings • Standard EN 15217 Energy performance of buildings—

methods for expressing energy performance and for energy certification of buildings (2007)

• Explicit effort to learn from EU experience

Austria

England & Wales

Greece

Italy


ENERGY STAR (US EPA) • Statistical rating – recognizes top 25% of buildings of similar type • Pass/no-pass • Awarded to ~9000 buildings of ~120,000 evaluated 1999 - 2009 • Based on 2003 CBECS data most ENERGY STAR buildings would

receive a “B” or better bEQ

Type 25% 50% bEQ Grade Description Retail 64 128 50 A- Very Good Office-Mixed 108 167 65 B Efficient Hospital 378 414 91 C Average Dormitory 92 116 79 B Average Median -- -- 64 B Efficient

Based on data from Energy Performance Measurement Institute http://epminst.us


http://epminst.us/

Effect of Distribution Shape - Example Two hypothetical building types with normal distributions of EUI: same mean, different standard deviation


Effect of Distribution Shape – 2003 CBECS

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 25 50 75 100

Perc

ent o

f Med

ian

EUI

Percentile of Building Type EUI

Refrigerated Warehouse

Medical Office (diagnostic)

Hotel

Hospital/Inpatient Health

75 Energy Star

Minimum ENERGY STAR EUI varies from 15% to 91% of median

Based on 2003 CBECS analysis by Energy Performance Measurement Institute http://epminst.us


http://epminst.us/

0

25

50

75

100

Refr

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ated

War

ehou

se

Vaca

nt

Vehi

cle

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age/

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ance

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nmen

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lture

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se

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ir Sh

op

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ypes

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)

Conv

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iddl

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osta

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oror

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Median, 64

C "Average" (86-115)

B "Efficient" (56-85)

A- "Very Good" (26-55)

A "High Performance" (1-25)

In Operation bEQ for Minimum ENERGY STAR

Based on 2003 CBECS analysis by Energy Performance Measurement Institute http://epminst.us

bEQ differentiates more – all 75 ENERGY STAR, but four bEQ levels


http://epminst.us/

LEED (USGBC) • 110 point scale covering site, water, energy/atmosphere,

materials/resources, IEQ, innovation/design process • 40 points for minimum “certified” rating, 50/60/80 for

silver/gold/platinum

• New Construction • Prerequisite 10% better than ASHRAE 90.1-2007 • Energy efficiency: 1 – 19 points for exceeding ASHRAE 90.1 by 12 to 48% • “technical potential” basis

• Existing Buildings

• Prerequisite 69 ENERGY STAR equivalent • Energy efficiency 1 – 18 points for ENERGY STAR equivalent 71 – 95 • “statistical” basis

• bEQ could serve as a consistent energy rating method for both


Green Globes (GBI) • 1000 point scale • New buildings

• 390 points for energy • Existing buildings

• 350 points for energy efficiency • ANSI standard • bEQ an approved compliance path (1 of 4)


US Department of Energy Commercial Building Energy Asset Score


http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/commercial/assetscore.html



DOE Commercial Building Asset Score


Program Implementation


bEQ Development Plan

Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

ASHRAE Labeling Program Kick-off

Pilot Buildings Selected

Modeling certification available

In Operation Pilot Period

As Designed Pilot Period

Assessor Certification Available

In Operation Rating Launched

11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

bEQ Program - Rollout Schedule

20102009

2009 2010 2011 2012

2011 2012


In Operation Rating Pilot


In Operation Pilot • Rated 21high profile buildings around the U.S.–from some

of the largest private and public landlords • Building characteristics

• Mostly office buildings, pre-1900 to post-2005, median 1985 • <100,000 sf to >1,000,000 sf • DOE climate zones 2 – 6 • Most ENERGY STAR rated

• Provisional assessors (pre-BEAP)


In Operation Pilot Findings • Most good buildings will get a grade of “B” – some better,

some worse (Pilot: 5 A-, 14 B, 2 C using adjusted scale) • Energy savings opportunities seen as most beneficial

aspect of program • Occupant surveys were not accepted in the marketplace • Typical professional hours 35-40 for ratings • Building personnel need to be engaged


Issues from In Operation Rating Pilot • Need to maintain differentiation from ENERGY STAR and

other alternative programs to secure marketplace niche (bEQ is a step beyond)

• Costs for obtaining labels • Extending rating normalization to additional building types • Reaction of owners to less than stellar ratings?

• Scale was adjusted based on pilot results • Nine of twenty-one pilot buildings requested labels: 4 A- rated

buildings and 5 B rated buildings


As Designed Rating Pilot


Issues/Approach • Compared model of actual building with reference building

• Modeling rules for schedules, plug loads, etc.? • What is the baseline? • What is the significance of modeler effect?

• To maximize ability to compare with operational rating (CBECS-based for US) use DOE Benchmark Building models for small, medium, large office buildings with ASHRAE Standard 90.1-1989 equipment efficiencies

• To investigate modeler effect, each pilot building was modeled by 2-3 BEMPs


Current Status


As of August 2014 • In-Operation Rating

• Launched in March 2012 • Covers 42 building types as of May 2013 • Just transitioned to all Standard 100 methodology EUIs • First labeled building: Philadelphia Navy Yard Building 101 • 14 submissions, 11 labels (1 A, 2 A-, 4 B, 4 C), 1 pending, 2

withdrawn

• As-Designed Rating • Limited launch starting May 15, 2013 • Three categories – Food Sales, Office, Retail – 8 types covered • No buildings submitted to date


Limited Time Offer! Rate Now and Save! • July 30 – November 30, 2014 • ASHRAE member • Qualified to do bEQ ratings

• BEMP or PE in jurisdiction (As Designed) • BEAP or PE in jurisdiction (In Operation)

• Two free submissions – save $500


Summary


Summary • ASHRAE’s bEQ labelling program...

• voluntary building energy certification program (to date) • technical potential rating that draws on successful features of other

US and European building certifications • complements or could complent other green building rating

systems and energy certification programs • can be a tool to stimulate adoption of high performance building

techniques


Further Information • ASHRAE bEQ web site: http://www.buildingenergyquotient.org/

• General Questions: [email protected]

• Technical Questions: [email protected]

• Background

• Pérez-Lombard, L., J. Ortiz, R. Gonález, I. Maestre. 2009. A review of benchmarking, rating and labelling concepts within the framework of building energy certification schemes. Energy and Buildings 41: 272-278.

• Bill Bahnfleth [email protected]


http://www.buildingenergyquotient.org/

mailto:[email protected]


