The Articles of Confederation - The first government of the United States - Confederation of Thirteen States - Congress ran government- no federal executive or judicial branch (one branch) - each state had one vote - bills needed 2/3 majority to clear - amendments needed unanimous decision - weak central government, power really in each state government
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The Articles of Confederation -The first government of the United States -Confederation of Thirteen States -Congress ran government- no federal executive.
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The Articles of Confederation- The first government of the United States
- Confederation of Thirteen States
- Congress ran government- no federal executive or judicial branch (one branch)
- each state had one vote
- bills needed 2/3 majority to clear
- amendments needed unanimous decision
- weak central government, power really in each state government
Problems with the Articles1. No power to tax - could request money from the states
- $50 million debt after Revolution
2. No power to enforce treaties or laws- British in the Northwest, Spain and Florida
3. No power to regulate commerce- tariffs
- states quarrel over boundaries and taxed goods from neighboring states
- hindered trade throughout the nation
4. The National Economy - Taxes, Money Supply and Shays’s Rebellion in Massachusetts
A Success of the Articles: The Northwest Ordinance- Lands Northwest of the Ohio River
- Land Ordinance of 1785 and 1787 - Divided into towns of 36 square miles
- 36 lots of one square mile (640 acres)- one lot reserved for school
- outlawed slavery in entire area and ensured freedom of religion and trial by jury
- when population 60,000 could become state
The Constitutional Convention- May 1787 – Philadelphia, Pennsylvania- 55 Delegates representing the states- Decided to write a new constitution – Republic –
strengthen the federal government- George Washington serves as president
A. Representation – New Jersey and Virginia Plans – The Great (CT) Compromise - Bicameral Congress
B. Presidential Elections – Federalists v. Antifederalists - Electoral College
C. Slave Trade – North v. South - 1808
D. Counting Slaves – North v. South - 3/5 Compromise
E. Commerce – North v. South - Cannot regulate exports, only imports, tariffs
F. Taxation – Federalists v. Antifederalists - Imports not Exports, Excises not Incomes
- Needed 9 of 13 States to approve at special conventions
- Two Sides – Federalists and Anti-federalists- Why was it ratified?- Articles ineffectiveness- Federalists had a plan- The Federalist Papers – 85 Essays- Hamilton, Madison, and Jay
- George Washington- One Final Compromise – The Bill of Rights – First Ten Amendments – Limits Government Power and Protects Rights
Federalists Anti-Federalists
Federalists Anti-Federalists
America’s history-
Representation - Virginia House of Burgesses, Mayflower Compact
Civil Liberties – Freedom of Religion
Enlightenment Ideas –
John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu, Voltaire
British History – Magna Carta, Bill of Rights
Ancient Greece and Rome
- Supreme Law of the Land- Rule by Law- Popular Sovereignty- Federal Republic
– Representative Democracy- Federalism – Division of powers between levels of government (State and Federal)- Three Branches - Separation of Powers
- Legislative – Congress
- Executive – President and VP
- Judicial – Federal Court System
- Limited Powers – Federalism, Separation of Powers, Checks and Balances, Bill of Rights
Congress – Senate and House of RepresentativesHouse – 435 members
- based on population –census every 10 years
- direct election- 25 years old, 7 years citizen, resident- Two year Terms- Elect Speaker of the House
Senate – 2 from each state- six year terms- chosen by state legislators until 17th
amendment – now direct election- 30 years old, 9 years citizen, resident- VP is president