The Art of War1.pptx

PREPARED BY:

Lamia Galal Ahmed Merhan Azzam Ibrahim Mohamed Gamal Mohamed Ahmed Nasr Noha Omar Hussein

CONTENTS

Introduction Strategic Assessment Doing Battle Planning Siege Formation Force Force Of Momentum Emptiness and fullness Armed Struggle Adaptation Maneuvering Armies Terrain Nine Grounds Fire attack On The Use of Spies

INTRODUCTION

The book has been written over two thousand years ago during a period of prolonged civil warfare by mysterious Chinese warrior philosopher.

This book will give you deep knowledge to be aware of disturbance before disturbance, to be aware of danger before danger, to be aware of destruction before destruction, simply to be good mature leader and how to take the best preventive and corrective actions.

The text is composed of 13 chapters, each of which is devoted to one aspect of warfare

The following topics are the summary of Master Sun & another eleven selected interpreters.  

STRATEGIC ASSESSMENT

Military action: is important to the all countries, it is the ground of death & life so it is necessary to examine it carefully. You can measure it in term of 5 things “the way, weather, terrain, leadership & discipline” any leader should use it to evaluate his side & the opponent side. It’s better to do this evaluation at home before any action. Mobilizing the troops based on the leader experience.

Mentioned a good assessment for comparison to find out the current conditions “7 questions”

1-which political leadership has the way? 2-which general has ability? 3-who has the better climate & terrain? 4-whose discipline is effective? 5-whose troops are stronger? 6- Whose officers & soldiers are better trained? 7-whose system of rewards & punishments is clearer?

How to deal with your enemy? 1-even if you are competent, appear to be incompetent, involve deception. 2- It’s easier to attack when your enemy is confused. 3-avoid your enemy when he is strong & ready. 4-attack your enemy when they become lazy, decadent or angry. 4-give them the inferiority

impression to make them proud then attack. 5- cause division between their leaders & subordinates. 6- don’t let your enemy aware of what you are planning to do. Based on the leader good in house plan, you can win before you even fight

DOING BATTLE After setting your plans, prepare your equipment to start the battle.

War is like a fire, if you do not put it out, it will burn itself out then you should always follow up your troops & reinforce your army whenever you can.

You should analyze both advantages & disadvantages of your army & the other party army. Very important before you go to war, is to calculate your expected expenses & to calculate properly the cost of the supplies. The people are the basis of the country & the food is the heaven of the people then the leader should take this into consideration & never to let the people exhausted.

Anger kills the enemy & rewards make them proud & give them

extra power. Meanwhile, suitable reward & punishment always solid factor to control your army.

Fast action is a key factor to control your expenditures & to give your army good rest. If the leader is wise the army & the entire country is safe.

PLANNING A SIEGE

The best scenario is that the leader should keep his nation intact. Good leaders should get rid of trouble & must take care of it before it arises & those who are good at overcoming opponents are those who win before there is form.

You can win by several ways:

Winning by intelligence: this is the best ever; it means winning in the scheming stage before the forming stage. Next best is winning by attacking alliances. Next best is to attack the army. The lowest is to attack a city. Only siege it when it's necessary.

If you r equal, fight if you r able (to motivate), if you r fewer, keep away if you r able, if you r not as good, flee if you r able (to hide and keep disturbing only by setting an ambush but you have to be able also to bear anger and humiliation).

If the smaller size is stubborn he will definitely be captive. So generals have to be wise, for they r assistance of the nation, when they r intelligent the country is strong, when they r defective, the country is weak. That's why it is imperative to be careful in choosing ppl in positions.

And that's why a good general has to employ the intelligent, the brave, the greedy and the foolish. The intelligent will be glad to establish their merit, the brave will be glad to cut off their ambitions, the greedy will welcome to pursue profit and the foolish do not care if they die.

FORMATION:

You can know the inner conditions of the opponents by looking at their external formations. If they r formless, the inner is inscrutable, if they are formed, the inner is obvious. Inscrutable wins and obvious loses.

So keep defensive and be prepared, hide your form, erase your tracks and watch for gaps in the enemy and then make a surprise attack.

That's why a victorious army wins first, then seeks a battle, but defeated army fights first, then seeks victory.

FORCE:

The use of accumulated energy or momentum is referred to as the force of the army. They need to attack complete emptiness with complete fullness, to be like stones thrown on eggs.

To do this always induce your opponents to come to you, do not go to them. As long as they come to you, you will be full and they will be empty.

That's why the confrontation is done directly, while the victory is gained by surprise.

FORCE OF MOMENTUM

Good warriors seek effectiveness in battle from the force of momentum not from individual people, so that they are able to choose people and let the force of momentum do its work, so in this moment it is impossible to choose them for their capabilities and give them responsibilities

Delegation of responsibility is use greed, use folly,

use intelligence and use bravery and allow the natural force of each one, so distributing responsibility according to their respective capacities

EMPTINESS AND FULLNESS

Good warriors cause other to come to them and do not go to others.

Causing your opponents to be unaware of the place and time of battle, you can always win

“Assess opponents” condition, observe what they do, and you can find out their plans and measures

Compare the strength of the enemy with your own, and you will know where there is sufficiency or lack. After that you can assess the advantage of the attack or defense.

ARMED STRUGGLE

The ordinary rule for use of military force is for the military command to receive the orders from the civilian authorities, then to gather and mass the troops, quartering them together. Nothing is harder than armed struggle.

The difficulty of armed struggle is to make long distances near and make problems into advantages.

Therefore you make their route a long one, luring them on in hopes of gain. When you set out after others and arrive before them, you know the strategy of making the distant near.

Therefore armed struggle is considered profitable, and armed struggle is considered dangerous.

So an army perishes if it has no equipment, it perishes if it has no food, and it perishes if it has no money.

So if you do not know the plans of your competitors, you cannot make informed alliances

ADAPTATIONS

The general rule for military operations is that the military leadership receives the order from the civilian leadership to gather armies.

Let there be no encampment on difficult terrain. Let diplomatic relations be established at borders. Do not stay in barren or isolated territory.

When on surrounded ground, plot. When on deadly ground, fight.

There are routes not to be followed, armies not to be attacked, citadels not to be sieged, territory not to be fought over, orders of civilian governments not to be obeyed.

Therefore generals who know all possible adaptations to take advantage of the ground know how to use military forces. If generals do not know how to adapt advantageously, even if they know the lay of the land they cannot take advantage of it.

If they rule armies without knowing the arts of complete adaptivity, even if they know what there is to gain, they cannot get people to work for them.

Therefore the considerations of the intelligent always include both benefit and harm. As they consider benefit, their work can expand; as they consider harm, their troubles can be resolved.

MANEUVERING ARMIES

Whenever you station an army to observe an opponent, cut off the mountains and stay by the valleys.

Watch the light, stay on the heights. when fighting on a hill, do not climb. This applies to an army in the mountains

When cut off by water, always stay away from water. Do not meet them in water, it is advantageous to let half of them cross and then attack.

  Take care of physical health and stay where there are plenty of

resources. When there is no sickness in the army,its said to be invincible.

If soldiers are punished before personal attachment to leadership is formed,they will not submit, and if they do not submit they are hard to employ.

  Therefore direct them through cultural arts, unify them through martial

arts, this means certain victory.

X.TERRAIN

Sun Tzu said: We may distinguish six kinds of terrain, to wit:

(1) Accessible ground; (2) entangling ground; (3) temporizing ground; (4) narrow passes; (5) precipitous heights; (6) positions at a great distance from the

enemy.

14. Now an army is exposed to six several calamities, not arising from natural causes, but from faults for which the general is responsible. These are:

(1) Flight; (2) insubordination; (3) collapse; (4) ruin; (5) disorganization; (6) rout.

Other conditions being equal, if one force is hurled against another ten times its size, the result will be the flight of the former.

When the common soldiers are too strong and their officers too weak, the result is insubordination. When the officers are too strong and the common soldiers too weak, the result is collapse.

When the higher officers are angry and insubordinate, and on meeting the enemy give battle on their own account from a feeling of resentment, before the commander-in-chief can tell whether or no he is in a position to fight, the result is ruin.

When the general is weak and without authority; when his orders are not clear and distinct; when there are no fixes duties assigned to officers and men, and the ranks are formed in a slovenly haphazard manner, the result is utter disorganization.

When a general, unable to estimate the enemy’s strength, allows an inferior force to engage a larger one, or hurls a weak detachment against a powerful one, and neglects to place picked soldiers in the front rank, the result must be rout.

 You must control your Field position.It will always strengthen your army.

 You must predict the enemy to overpower him and win. You must analyze the obstacles, dangers, and distances.

Understand your field position before you meet opponents.Then you will succeed

IT’S ALL ABOUT THE LEADER

You must advance without desiring praise. You must retreat without fearing shame. 

 The only correct move is to preserve your troops.This is how you serve your country.This is how you reward your nation.

Think of your soldiers as little children. You can make them follow you into a deep river.Treat them as your beloved children. You can lead them all to their deaths.

Some leaders are generous but cannot use their men.They love their men but cannot command them.Their men are unruly and disorganized.These leaders create spoiled children.Their soldiers are useless.

31. Hence the saying: If you know the enemy and know yourself, your victory will not stand in doubt;

if you know Heaven and know Earth, you may make your victory complete.

NINE GROUNDS

This section describes the nine common situations (or stages) in a campaign, from scattering to deadly, and the specific focus that a commander will need in order to successfully navigate them.

According to the rule of military operations, there are nine kinds of

grounds: ground of dissolution, Light ground. Ground of contention, a trafficked ground, intersecting ground, Heavy ground, bad ground, your ground and dying ground.

So let there be not battle on a ground of dissolution, let there be no stopping on light ground, let there be no attack on a ground of contention, let there be no cutting off of trafficked ground. On intersecting ground form communications, on heavy ground plunder, on bad ground keep going, on surrounded ground make plans, on dying ground fight.

FIRE ATTACK

It explains the general use of weapons and the specific use of the environment as a weapon. This section examines the five targets for attack, the five types of environmental attack and the appropriate responses to such attacks.

There are five kinds of fire attack: burning people, burning supplies, burning equipment, burning storehouses, and burning weapons.

There are appropriate times for setting fires, namely when the weather is dry and windy. so a government should not mobilize an army out of anger; military leaders should not provoke war out of wrath. Act when it is beneficial.

ON THE USE OF SPIES

Focuses on the importance of developing good information sources, and specifies the five types of intelligence sources and how to best manage each of them.

An intelligent government and a wise military leadership to overcome others and achieve extraordinary accomplishments is foreknowledge.

Foreknowledge must be obtained from people, people who know the conditions of the enemy.

There are five kinds of spy: The local spy, the inside spy, the reverse spy, the dead spy, and the living spy. When the five kinds of spies are all active, no one knows their routes - this is called organizational genius, and is valuable to the leadership.

So only a brilliant ruler or a wise general who can use the highly intelligent for espionage is sure of great success. This is essential for military operations

THANK YOU