The Art of Questioning: Look At Your Social Sciences ...PESTLE factor Reason Question Political Political motivations Partisan parties Elections US Elections Is this going to happen

The Art of Questioning: Look At Your Social Sciences Research Topic

From Multiple Perspectives

By Wong Kah Wei ([email protected])

Worksheet

Download Worksheet:

https://nus.edu/2o3K7es

https://nus.edu/2o3K7es

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What is this workshop all about?

English LanguageWritingCritical Thinking

What is this workshop all about?

Ask Questions

Search for Answers

Ask More Questions

Found Answers

What are the Learning Outcomes?

Start to use:

1. 5W 1H - What, When, Where, Who, Why, How …..and What If

2. Keywords to question

3. PESTLE analysis (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental factors)

5W 1H

Question To find out… Example

What definition, description, examples

What is climate change?

When time of the occurrence, frequency of occurrence

How often do we experience extreme temperatures?

Where place, location, country, market

How are Asian countries affected by climate change?

5W 1H

Question To find out… Example

Who people affected, influencers, decision makers, people with resources

Which communities are at risk of flooding?

Why reasons, justifications, causes, motivations

Why do we continue to use coal?

How method, process, technology, tools

How efficient are solar cells compared to wind turbines?

Singapore’s Favorite Food (2min)

1. Match the Question to the Answer.

2. Go to: http://bit.ly/2Mn71w3

http://bit.ly/2Mn71w3

Singapore’s favorite foodWhat is chicken rice? It is a dish of rice, chicken and it

is served with a bowl of chicken soup

Why do Singaporeans like chicken rice?

Chicken rice is delicious and cheap.

Who loves to eat chicken rice? Singaporeans

Where can I find the best chicken rice?

Tian Tian Hainanese Chicken Rice at Maxwell Food Centre

When do Singaporeans eat chicken rice?

Singaporeans eat chicken rice all the time!

How do you cook chicken rice? Remove fat from chicken to cook rice. Rub chicken with salt. Boil chicken.

How to question

Hypothetical Research PaperHow Singapore should fight fake news

Refer to Worksheet

Activity (1min)Ask questions!

How Singapore should fight fake news

1. Ask questions about the statement above.2. Apply 5W 1H.3. Write questions in Worksheet.


# Questions What you expect to find

1 What is fake news?

How Singapore should fight fake news# Questions What you expect to

find

1 What is fake news?

2 Why is fake news spread?

3 How are other countries fighting fake news?

4 Where is fake news usually uploaded?

5 Who creates fake news?

6 Who spreads or shares fake news?

7 Why do people share fake news when they know it is fake?

8 How do people know news is fake?

9 When is fake news usually uploaded?

10 Why is fake news bad?

Activity (2min):Ask questions with a purpose!


1 What is fake news? DefinitionDescriptionIdentificationExamples

2 Why is fake news spread?

3 What is being done to fight news?

4 Why is fake news bad?

4. Write what you expect to find from each question



2 Why is fake news spread? ReasonsCauses MotivationsIntentions

3 What is being done to fight news? SolutionsPreventive measures

4 Why is fake news bad? ImpactsOutcomesConsequences

5. What is fake news?6. Find your answer in the Internet.7. Copy and paste “What is fake news” into Google.8. Find the answer.9. Write answer and source in your worksheet.

Activity (5min)Find answers!


Question Answer Source Questions

1. What is fake news?

Verify answers

1. Click on [1] to trace the reference.

2. Click on either [1] or [2] .

Activity (5min):Ask Some More Questions

10. What is another way of asking

“What is fake news”?




What is fake news

11. Copy and paste any of these questions in Google search box.

12. Find the definition for fake news. Write your answer and the source in the worksheet.

How do you define fake news?How do you describe fake news?How do you identify fake news?

13. Which of these questions gave you the answer to “What is fake news?”

A. How do you define fake news?

B. How do you describe fake news?

C. How do you identify fake news?


Definition from dictionaries

Definition from research papers

Question Answer Source Questions

What is fake news?

…media cov-erage,….define fake news as referring to viral posts based on fictitious accountsmade to look like news reports. (Allcott and Gentzkow 2017, 213) defined fake news “to be news articlesthat are intentionallyand verifiably false, and could mislead readers”

Two main motivations underlie the production of fake news: financialand ideological.

Defining “Fake News”A typology of scholarly definitions

Journal Digital JournalismVolume 6, 2018http://www.tandfonline.com.libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/doi/abs/10.1080/21670811.2017.1360143?journalCode=rdij20

Could fake news be defined as the intentions or motivations for spreading?

What are the reasons for intentionally spreading fake news?

Would I find the solutions if I know the reasons?

http://www.tandfonline.com.libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/doi/abs/10.1080/21670811.2017.1360143?journalCode=rdij20

Question Answer Source Question

What is fake news?

…Two main motivations underlie the production of fake news: financial

and ideological.




Economic.To generate advertising revenue. Perpetuated by self-service advertisement technology such as Google Adsense.


What are Google and Facebook doing to prevent this technology from being misused?

Reasons for spreading fake news:

What I found so far:

• Economic intentions. Drive web traffic to generate advertising income. Eg. Google Adsense.

• Political motivations. Partisan parties sway opinion before election. Eg. US Elections

• The public quickly believe in conspiracy theories. Conspiracy theories used to sow discord. Eg. Parkland conspiracy theory

Ask Some More Questions using PESTLE Analysis

When questioning, consider PESTLE factors:

Political Role of government, political parties’ influence

Economic Economic growth, cost, industries’ influences

Social Population, education, culture, communities, people’s behavior, values

Technological Application of technologies, tools, methods, processes

Legal Laws, regulations, agreements

Environmental Space, terrain, land, air, water

Activity (3min):How do I find and enjoy

a date in Singapore?

• Match PESTLE factors to the statements.

• Go to this link:

http://bit.ly/2p9T2ep

http://bit.ly/2p9T2ep

Keywords

Technology factors

• There are many apps and online tools. What are useful online dating apps?

Political factors

• The Singapore government is always helpful. Which government agency will help me find other singles?

Economic factors

• Every thing costs so much in Singapore. What is the average cost of a night of dating in Singapore?

Keywords

Social factors

• What is the demographics of Singapore? What is the proportion of females to males?

Environmental factors

• The lady I like relocated to New York. We don’t even live in the same city. Does a long distance relationship work?

Legal factors

• There is a young, pretty girl I see at the bus stop. I hope she is not a minor. What is the legal age of a girl I can date?

What I found so far:

Reasons for spreading fake news:




Activity (5min):What are PESTLE reasons for spreading fake news?

14. Underline the keywords of PESTLE factors.




14. Underline the keywords of PESTLE factors.






PESTLE factor Reason Question

Political Political motivations

Partisan parties

Elections

US Elections

Economic

Social

Technological

Legal

Environmental

15. Categorise PESTLE keywords in table.



Partisan parties

Elections

US Elections

Economic Economic intentionsAdvertising incomeGoogle Adsense

Social The public

Sow discord

Parkland Conspiracy Theory

Technological

Legal

Environmental



Partisan parties

Elections

US Elections

Is this going to happen

to Singapore’s

elections?

What other political

motivations?

Economic Economic intentionsAdvertising incomeGoogle Adsense

How much money is

Google making out of

Adsense?

What are other

economic intentions?

Social The public

Conspiracy theories

Sow discord

Parkland conspiracy

theory

Why do people continue

to believe in conspiracy

theories?

What are other social

reasons?


Technological What are the tools used to

make it so easy to spread

fake news?

Legal Are there any laws which

forces Facebook to remove

hate content?

Environmental How can the digital

environment be policed

efficiently?


What is fake news

Why is fake news spread

Political

Sway elections

Economic

Advertising revenue Social

People believe in conspiracy theories

Technological

Legal

Environmental

news articlesthat are intentionally and verifiably false, and could mislead readers

What is being done to fight news?

Why is fake news bad?

Increase knowledge base

What are the Learning Outcomes?

Start to use:

1. 5W 1H - What, When, Where, Who, Why, How …..and What If

2. Keywords to question

3. PESTLE analysis (Political, Economic, Social, Technology, Legal and Environment factors)

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The Art of Questioning: Look At Your Social Sciences ...PESTLE factor Reason Question Political Political motivations Partisan parties Elections US Elections Is this going to happen

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