The APPROACHES Unit 1: History, Approaches & Research Methods Today’s Topic:

the APPROACHES

Unit 1: History, Approaches & Research Methods

Today’s Topic:

hand gestures can help us to remember the psychological approaches

the psychological APPROACHES

PSYCHOANALYTIC / PSYCHODYNAMIC

Ideas put forth by Sigmund Freud and other Neo-Freudians.

Focuses on the ideas that:• your early childhood plays a huge role

in shaping your personality.

• childhood traumas and experiences create unconscious drives and conflicts that impact individual personalities.

PSYCHOANALYTIC / PSYCHODYNAMIC – point behind you -- way back

“My past, my unconscious, determines my behavior”

COGNITIVIST• Focuses on mental processes (how

we encode, process, store, and retrieve information).

• Believes that behavior is partially governed by the ways we think and interpret the world.

COGNITIVIST– point to forehead

“How I think determines my behavior”

HUMANISTIC• Focuses on an individual’s free

will and potential for growth.

• Believes that behavior is determined by each person’s capacity to choose how to think and act which is dictated by their perceptions of the world.

HUMANISTIC – point to self

“I choose how I behave”

NEUROSCIENCE /BIOLOGICAL

Focuses on the belief that behavior is governed by physiological responses like changes in brain chemistry, brain structure, nervous system, etc.

NEUROSCIENCE /BIOLOGICAL-pinky finger

We are only starting to know just how much our brain, genes, hormones… determine our behavior.

BEHAVIORALFocuses on:• the importance of the external environment in shaping behavior. A behavior’s frequency is largely a result of rewards and punishments.

• the study of learning. • experimental testing that is observable.

BEHAVIORAL – middle finger

“My observable behaviors are reinforced or punished and this is what determines my

behavior.”

SOCIO-CULTURALFocuses on how behaviors and mental

processes vary amongst the different cultures of the world

This is a more recent approach that came about as people in different places came into contact with each other more often (globalism)

Used to understand and predict behaviors

SOCIO-CULTURAL – make “the world” gesture

“My culture and social environment determines my behavior “

EVOLUTIONARYbelieve that people change or perpetuate (continue) behavior in order improve their

chance to survive (and therefore reproduce)

Based on Charles Darwin’s theory of “survival of the fittest” (Natural Selection) and Herbert Spencer’s social Darwinism

EVOLUTIONARY– opposable thumbs

Our behaviors are the result of our innate need to reproduce

Biological (Neuroscience)

Behavior can be understood by describing underlying biochemical and neurological causes.

Behavioral Interested in directly observable behaviors that are the result of external stimuli.  

CognitiveCognitive psychologists study thoughts & processes (language, thought & memory).

HumanisticViews behavior as a product of free will and opposed the determinism of behaviorism & psychoanalysis.

Psychodynamic(Psychoanalytic)

Human behavior is primarily determined by unconscious processes. Stresses the importance of early experiences in determining later behavior patterns.

Social-Cultural Human behavior is largely the result of our social environments.

Evolutionary/Sociobiological

Belief that our thoughts and behaviors are the result of evolutionary selection pressures.

brain, neurochemicals, genes

reinforcement or punishment

our thoughts

I choose

events from distant past; unconscious

environment

natural selection

Finding Nemo ActivityStart: scene 1 (show all)-- skip titles -- scene 2 - show until Mr. Ray swims away with the classStart: Scene 16 (Sea Turtles) -- show until Crush says, "but when they know, you'll know -- you know?"