The Animal Cell Key Concept: Eukaryotic cells contain membrane bound organelles • All living things are composed of cells • Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles
Jan 19, 2016
The Animal CellKey Concept: Eukaryotic cells contain membrane bound
organelles
• All living things are composed of cells
• Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles
Cell Membrane/Plasma Membrane
1. Barrier to extra-cellular environment
2. Allows nutrients in and wastes out
3. Identifies the cell
4. Receives messages from other cells
Nucleus
• Controls the cells activities
• Contains the genetic material (DNA)
• Surrounded by a nuclear membrane
Nucleolus
• Manufactures ribosomes
Nuclear Membrane
• Keeps the DNA inside
• Allows the RNA to pass into the cell
Cytoplasm
• Gel-like fluid that fills the cell
• Breaks down some glucose for energy (glycolysis) – not much energy
• Filled with free-floating subunits
Mitochondria
• Metabolizes glucose for energy – provides a great deal of energy
• Has its’ own DNA
• Has a double membrane
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Two types of ER– RER (rough endoplasmic
reticulum) contains ribosomes
– Manufactures and transports proteins
– SER (smooth endoplasmic reticulum) has no ribosomes
– Manufactures and transports lipids
Ribosome
• Makes proteins
• Sometimes attached to RER
• Sometimes free-floating in the cytoplasm
Golgi Apparatus
• Packages proteins
• Modifies proteins
• Prepares them for export to the organism outside the cell
Vesicle
• Transports proteins to and from the Golgi apparatus
Lysosome
• Digests worn out organelles
• Destroys infected or un-necessary cells
• Contains digestive enzymes
Centriole
• The centriole is found only in animal cells
• It is involved in cell division
Plant Cells
• Plant cells have many of the same organelles as animals cells
Plant Cells Have 2 Extra Organelles
• Outside the cell membrane, plants have a cell wall
• Plants have large central vacuoles
• Plants have chloroplasts to convert sunlight to glucose
Chloroplasts
• Use CO2, H2O and sunlight to produce Carbohydrates
• Releases O2
• Contains double membrane
• Has its’ own DNA
Chloroplast
• Chlorophyll does the work
• Chlorophyll is located in the thylakoid stacks
• Thylakoid stacks are called granum
Shape and Support
• Made of cellulose (an indigestible form of carbohydrate)
• Found just outside the plasma membrane
Transport Into & Out of the Cell
• Materials move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration
• This is called diffusion