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PROBLEM:
England is an island and is open to attack from all sides – very difficult to defend
Three major inhabitants:
1. Celts
2. Romans
3. Anglo Saxons
Celts
Not pronounced like how you think
{Tall, blond warriors
Also called the Brythons
Mostly farmers who lived in clans
Polytheistic – animism –everything has a spirit
Stonehenge
King Arthur
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Started to be built in 122 by the Romans to form a clear border
Protection from the Picts (Scotland)
2 million tons of rock and soil
Every mile marked by a fort – includes 16 larger forts
75 miles long – 10 feet tall
Hadrian’s Wall
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Romans built roads and aqueductsThey brought Christianity, government, and moneyThey left in 406 – Why?
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Angles and Saxons from Germany and Jutes rom Denmark
Anglaterre – Land of Angels
Celts move to Wales
Many territories – many kings until . . .
871 King Alfred forces out the Jutes and Vikings –unifies England for the first time
King Alfred is a Christian and Brings:Somewhat national religion
Helps unification of country
Improves education
Develops literature
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Male dominated but treated women fairly
Three main concepts:
1. Mead Hall
2. Fate – wyrd
3. Comitatus relationship
Anglo Saxon Society
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Literature
Book of Exeter – 940
Oral tradition
Scops – oral poets
Gleeman – ass’s scop
Venerable Bede – first history of England
Alfred the Great – Anglo Saxon Chronicle
Poetry: Beowulf, Caedmon, The Battle of Maldon
Riddles
How do we know this stuff?
The period ends with the Norman Invasion in 1066 –more on that in a few days.
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