Variation of forest ecosystems with elevation: insights from a 3500 m elevation gradient in the Andes The Andes Biodiversity and Ecosystems Research Group (ABERG) Y. Malhi, M. Silman, P. Meir, K. Feeley, N. Salinas, S. Saatchi, M. Bird L. Aragao, C. Girardin, J. Fisher, T. Marthews, D. Metcalfe, J. Espejo, W. Farfan, K. Garcia, A. Nottingham, J. Whittaker, M. Zimmerman, K. Feeley, J. Rapp. J. Lloyd, R. Guerreri, O. Atkin and many more University of Oxford UK, Wake Forest University USA, University of Edinburgh UK, Univesidad San Antonio Abad ,Cuzco, Peru Pontoficia Universidad de Lima, Peru Jet Propulsion Laboratory, NASA [email protected]www.yadvindermalhi.org
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The Andes Biodiversity and Ecosystems Research Group (ABERG)
Variation of forest ecosystems with elevation: insights from a 3500 m elevation gradient in the Andes. The Andes Biodiversity and Ecosystems Research Group (ABERG) Y. Malhi, M. Silman, P. Meir, K . Feeley , N. Salinas, S. Saatchi, M. Bird - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Variation of forest ecosystems with elevation: insights from a 3500 m elevation gradient in the
Andes
The Andes Biodiversity and Ecosystems Research Group (ABERG)
Y. Malhi, M. Silman, P. Meir, K. Feeley, N. Salinas, S. Saatchi, M. BirdL. Aragao, C. Girardin, J. Fisher, T. Marthews, D. Metcalfe, J. Espejo, W. Farfan, K. Garcia, A. Nottingham, J. Whittaker, M. Zimmerman, K. Feeley, J. Rapp. J.
Lloyd, R. Guerreri, O. Atkin and many more
University of Oxford UK,Wake Forest University USA, University of Edinburgh UK,Univesidad San Antonio Abad ,Cuzco, Peru Pontoficia Universidad de Lima, PeruJet Propulsion Laboratory, NASA
Study regionPlant diversity and distributionsEcosystem productivityHeterotrophic processesPlant distribution changeTree line studies
Kosñipata Valley and adjoining Amazon lowlandsAndes Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Group:
www.aberg.org
3450m 3250m 3000m
2750m
2500m
2000m 2250m1750m
1500m
1250m
1000m
200m
8.5oC 9.2oC10.5oC
11.9oC
13.3oC
15.3oC 14.8oC16.7oC
19oC
21oC
22.1oC
26.4oC
Malhi, Y. et al (2010) Elevation gradients in the tropics: laboratories for ecosystem ecology and global change research, Global Change Biology, 16, 12, 3171-3175
Malhi, Y. et al (2010) Elevation gradients in the tropics: laboratories for ecosystem ecology and global change research, Global Change Biology, 16, 12, 3171-3175
Talk structure
Study regionPlant diversity and distributionsEcosystem productivityHeterotrophic processesPlant distribution changeTree line studies
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
0 1000 2000 3000 4000
Elevation (m)
Prec
ipita
tion
(mm
yr-1
)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Mea
n An
nual
Tem
pera
ture
(deg
C)
Precipitation (mm yr-1)Mean Annual Temperature(deg C)
>60 ha1 ha plotsTrees 10cm dbh
Temperature and rainfall gradients
Tree Species Diversity
Lowland levels of diversity maintained to ~1700 m **
Most species have narrow elevation ranges
Tree species ranking
Elev
ation
(m)
Talk structure
Study regionPlant diversity and distributionsEcosystem productivityHeterotrophic processesPlant distribution changeTree line studies
Measuring Tropical Forest Carbon Allocation and Cycling: A RAINFOR-GEM Field Manual for Intensive Census Plots (v2.2). Manual, Global Ecosystems Monitoring network,
gem.tropicalforests.ox.ac.uk
GPP= 36.15±3.97 The carbon cycle of a forest at Tambopata. Peru
R leaf =8.86±2.78
R stem = 5.85±2.50
NPPTotal = 15.14±0.83
NPPAG = 9.96±0.41
NPPBG = 5.18±0.72
D fine litterfall
5.61±0.32
D CWD 3.59±0.26
R rhizosphere
5.07±0.86
R soil =12.98±0.82
D root
5.18±0.72
R soilhet = 7.14±0.49
NPP coarse roots = 0.51±0.05 NPP fine roots = 4.67±0.72
NPP ACW= 2.64±0.24
NPP litterfall = 5.61±0.32
NPP branch turnover = 0.95±0.10
NPP herbivory = 0.76±0.05
R cwd
R coarseroot
1.23±0.62
Malhi et al, Plant Ecology and Diversity, 2014
GPP and NPP decline with elevationbut the transition is abrupt at around 16-1700 m asl
(dry season cloud base)
Canopy photosynthetic capacity and leaf area index donot show a strong decline or abrupt transition with
elevationMax photosynthesis
under high light Leaf Area Index
Once cloud immersion is factored out, autotrophic processes may have little dependenceon mean temperature
Talk structure
Study regionPlant diversity and distributionsEcosystem productivityHeterotrophic processesPlant distribution changeTree line studies
8.5oC 9.2oC10.5oC
11.9oC
13.3oC
15.3oC 14.8oC16.7oC
Exploring heterotrophic processes
19oC
21oC
22.1oC
26.4oC
Translocation of root-free soilZimmermann et al. (2010)
Large-scale leaf and wood translocation experiment