The Americas: Part II; Building Economies

The Americas: Part II;Building Economies

Mr. ErmerWorld History AP

Miami Beach Senior High

Two common factors through Americas: migration &

British $ United States & Canada react well

Absorb migrants who eventually assimilate into culture/system Exploit British capital for development of own

nation/infrastructure Latin America does not react in kind

Legacy of single export economy proves inflexible Integration of migrants by plantation system, not factory work Stronger legacy of slavery and indentured servitude

Building American Economies

European and Asian migrants flood U.S. and Canada

Called by factory jobs, open land, railroad construction Industrial migrants work in low skill, low wage factories—feed labor pool Many build transportation infrastructure that connect far flung cities Qing Dynasty encourages migration from China (population control)

Some leave as indentured servants, others pay own way seeking fortune Also attracted to plantations & ranches of Latin America/Caribbean

Italians flood Argentina and Brazil as permanent migrants Others migrate seasonally—”golondrinas”

Asian immigrants also seek agricultural work in Americas, Hawai’i 15,000+ Chinese migrate to work Cuban sugarcane fields 25,000+ Chinese migrate to work Hawaiian sugarcane fields

New peoples, foods, cultures, religions change American culture Californian and Canadian gold bring rush of migrants, 49’ers

Migration

British capitalists seek stable, white governed outlets for investment

British monies help United States rebuild, industrialize after Civil War Railroads help link nation, build national economy

Dense communication, transportation, and distribution network Transcontinental railroad connect Omaha to San Francisco

Westward migration increases, allows further exploitation of resources Standardization of time zones

By 1900, the United States is world’s biggest/richest economy Inventors bring new products to market High consumerism drives growth of big businesses Labor Unions organize the working class, promote class

interests/strikes

The United States

British pay high prices for Canadian agricultural

goods Prevents discontent, promotes high standard of living

British investment helps Canada industrialize Transcontinental Canadian Pacific Railroad

U.S. investment also helps Canada to industrialize Migration from Europe and Asia enhances labor pool Canada grows rich on industrial, agricultural, and

mineral exports

Prosperity in Canada

Latin America fails to industrialize like U.S. and Canada

Open to European trade and investment, exports drive growth Britain takes control of Argentine meat industry, after

refrigerated ships invented in 1860s, meat from Argentina supplies British appetite—benefits Argentina little

Latin America supplied raw materials to industrial powers Rich elites grow richer through trade, economies never reformed Latin America does not provide large market for manufactured

goods from European countries, no incentive for control Porfiriato Mexico attempts industrialization

Oligarchy and foreign investments benefit most Working class resents low wages, foreign managers

Latin American Economies

Multi-cultural society: “teeming nation of nations”

Conflict as different groups fight for rights, equality Reservation Treaties w/ Native Americans not respected

Native populations pushed into increasingly cramped areas U.S. law hopes to assimilate Natives into greater culture/society

Bureau of Indian Affairs, Forced attendance in Indian Schools Attempts to end “Indian way of life”—killing of the Bison

Slaves freed after Civil War, but equality not guaranteed After Reconstruction, civil rights for African-Americans rolled back in the

South, “Black Codes” and “Jim Crow Laws” create rigidly segregated society

Women begin fighting for equality, Seneca Falls Convention Anti-immigrant sentiment (anti-Catholic, anti-Semitic)

KKK, Know-Nothing Party, American League, White League Ethnic neighborhoods develop (Chinatowns, Little Italy, etc.)

U.S. Society

French and British Canadians consider selves as “founders of

Canada,” creating sharp political divisions Euro-Canadians dominate Canadian society

Native Americans are substantial minority Former Canadian slaves and escaped American slaves create an

enclave of African-Americans Chinese migrants work on Canadian transcontinental RR Metis uprising and Louis Riel

Riel leaves seminary in Montreal, elected president of Metis government in Manitoba—government outlawed

Canadian troops move against Riel, committed to asylum Canadian Pacific railroad threatens native lands, Riel leads new

revolt Northwest Rebellion, Riel executed

Canadian Society

Persistence of rigidly hierarchical society

Creoles, mixed race groups, indigenous and blacks on bottom

Asians migrate to Peru, Brazil, Cuba, and Caribbean Indian migrants move to Trinidad and Tobago Europeans migrate to Argentina, Buenos Aires most

cosmopolitan city in Latin America, Havana second Gauchos embody free range hopes of migrants,

indigenous Latin American even more patriarchal than U.S. &

Canada

Latin American Society