The American Revolution (AP). Thomas Paine and “Common Sense” Pamphlet urging separation (& not reconciliation) from England. Pamphlet urging separation.

The American RevolutionThe American Revolution(AP)(AP)

Thomas Paine and “Common Thomas Paine and “Common Sense”Sense”

Pamphlet urging Pamphlet urging separation separation (& not (& not reconciliation) from reconciliation) from England.England.

Sold over 120,000 Sold over 120,000 copies in 1copies in 1stst 3-months 3-months

Patrick HenryPatrick Henry

““Give me Liberty, Give me Liberty, or give me death!”or give me death!”

The Radical WhigsThe Radical Whigs Were English radicals who opposed Were English radicals who opposed

the King.the King.

Marginal influence in England, but Marginal influence in England, but very popular in the colonies.very popular in the colonies.

Trenchard and Gordon are most Trenchard and Gordon are most influential.influential.

The Whig View The Whig View English system of govt. is best because its English system of govt. is best because its

“balanced” system best protects people’s “balanced” system best protects people’s liberties.liberties.

If balance is off because of corruption, If balance is off because of corruption, however, then people’s liberties are however, then people’s liberties are threatened.threatened.

They think that George III is corrupt and the They think that George III is corrupt and the system is off.system is off.

Leads to a paranoid view that the king is Leads to a paranoid view that the king is plotting to take away people’s rights, etc.plotting to take away people’s rights, etc.

The EnlightenmentThe Enlightenment Revolutionary leaders influenced by the Revolutionary leaders influenced by the

ideas of the ideas of the enlightenmentenlightenment..

Enlightenment was an intellectual Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that stressed movement that stressed natural rightsnatural rights..

Leaders began to Leaders began to question British rulequestion British rule because they felt that it was infringing because they felt that it was infringing (messing with) their natural rights.(messing with) their natural rights.

Declaration of Declaration of IndependenceIndependence

Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson writes the writes the “Declaration of “Declaration of Independence” in Independence” in 1776.1776.

July 4July 4

PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia

Many of his ideas come from Many of his ideas come from John LockeJohn Locke..

Everybody had Everybody had Natural rightsNatural rights—”Life, —”Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.Liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

Purpose of Govt. is to protect Nat. Rights.Purpose of Govt. is to protect Nat. Rights.

Right of people to form new governments Right of people to form new governments if Govt. is not doing its job.if Govt. is not doing its job.

Abigail AdamsAbigail Adams

““Remember The Remember The Ladies”Ladies”

Letter to her Letter to her husband John husband John Adams.Adams.

Turn to pg. 71 in Turn to pg. 71 in your book. your book.

Rights of WomenRights of Women

Married women have very few. All Married women have very few. All property goes to the husband.property goes to the husband.

Only in NJ could they vote.Only in NJ could they vote.

British AdvantagesBritish Advantages

Professional ArmyProfessional Army

Best Navy in the worldBest Navy in the world

1/3 of the colonists 1/3 of the colonists are “are “loyalists” (Tories)loyalists” (Tories)

Slaves and Native Slaves and Native Americans will helpAmericans will help

Advantages of AmericansAdvantages of Americans

Fighting for Fighting for something they something they believe in.believe in.

Fighting on their Fighting on their home turf.home turf.

Leadership of Leadership of George WashingtonGeorge Washington

Problems in FundingProblems in Funding

National Govt. can only ask states for $ (it National Govt. can only ask states for $ (it can’t tax).can’t tax).

Sells BondsSells Bonds

Paper $ (inflation)Paper $ (inflation)

Borrow (Dutch and French)Borrow (Dutch and French)

Washington crossing the Washington crossing the DelawareDelaware

British Failures in 1777British Failures in 1777

Brits had Americans on the Ropes.Brits had Americans on the Ropes.

Brit. General William Howe continually Brit. General William Howe continually allows Washington to retreat and allows Washington to retreat and regroup.regroup.

SaratogaSaratoga—Horatio Gates defeats —Horatio Gates defeats Burgoyne. Burgoyne.

Burgoyne’s Surrender at Burgoyne’s Surrender at SaratogaSaratoga

French HelpFrench Help

After Saratoga—After Saratoga—French form an French form an alliance with alliance with America.America.

Sends navy and Sends navy and troops.troops.

Ben Franklin Ben Franklin

The SouthThe South

Lots of Loyalists.Lots of Loyalists.

Brits. Offer to slaves (Dunmore Brits. Offer to slaves (Dunmore Proclamation).Proclamation).

Nathaniel GreeneNathaniel Greene

YorktownYorktown

1781--Washington and 1781--Washington and French defeat French defeat Cornwallis.Cornwallis.

Decisive defeat in the Decisive defeat in the war; End of major war; End of major fighting.fighting.

Treaty of ParisTreaty of Paris (1783) (1783) officially ends war.officially ends war.

Why the Americans wonWhy the Americans won

They fought a They fought a defensive war—avoid defensive war—avoid big defeat.big defeat.

Help from the FrenchHelp from the French

Brits. Get tired.Brits. Get tired.

1776--17831776--1783

Interpreting the RevolutionInterpreting the Revolution

Was the American Revolution a social Was the American Revolution a social or political revolution? Or was it or political revolution? Or was it both?both?

War and SocietyWar and Society Many loyalists leave country (and Many loyalists leave country (and

property) property)

but distribution of wealth did not but distribution of wealth did not change dramatically.change dramatically.

Those that had Social and political Those that had Social and political power, still tended to.power, still tended to.

Impact on ReligionImpact on Religion

Many loyalists had been Anglicans.Many loyalists had been Anglicans.

In Md. And Va. Anglican church was “official” church.In Md. And Va. Anglican church was “official” church.

When Rev. starts, Anglican Church is When Rev. starts, Anglican Church is “Disestablished.” “Disestablished.”

Va. statute of religious freedom (TJ)Va. statute of religious freedom (TJ)

QuakersQuakers

CatholicsCatholics

War and SlaveryWar and Slavery Brits. Offer freedom to slaves (Dunmore Brits. Offer freedom to slaves (Dunmore

Proclamation).Proclamation).

Revolutionary rhetoric (i.e. talk of “liberty”) seems Revolutionary rhetoric (i.e. talk of “liberty”) seems incompatible with slavery to many in North.incompatible with slavery to many in North.

By the end of the rev., most northern states By the end of the rev., most northern states abolish slavery (1777-1804).abolish slavery (1777-1804).

Southern view becomes: slavery helps ensure Southern view becomes: slavery helps ensure “white” liberty.“white” liberty.

War and WomenWar and Women

Many Men GoneMany Men Gone

““Camp Followers”Camp Followers”

Molly “Pitcher”Molly “Pitcher”

Abigail AdamsAbigail Adams

Republican MotherhoodRepublican Motherhood

Idea that women had an important Idea that women had an important role: To raise their children to be role: To raise their children to be virtuous, civic minded citizens.virtuous, civic minded citizens.

Teachers of Republican virtueTeachers of Republican virtue

Essential to the RepublicEssential to the Republic

War’s Impact on Native War’s Impact on Native AmericansAmericans

NeutralityNeutrality

Some side with Brits.Some side with Brits.

Result of war is bad:Result of war is bad: A. Means more white expansionA. Means more white expansion B. Resentment against those that sided B. Resentment against those that sided

with Brits.with Brits. C. “noble Savages”C. “noble Savages”

ReviewReview Who wrote the Dec. of Ind.? What was its purpose? What Who wrote the Dec. of Ind.? What was its purpose? What

was the 3-part argument? was the 3-part argument?

Why did the colonists win the Rev. War?Why did the colonists win the Rev. War?

How did the war impact Native Americans?How did the war impact Native Americans?

Describe which religious groups were effected by the Describe which religious groups were effected by the American Revolution?American Revolution?

How did the War effect slavery?How did the War effect slavery?

Who were the Radical Whigs and what was their impact on Who were the Radical Whigs and what was their impact on the Rev.the Rev.

What other group of ideals motivated the colonists to have a What other group of ideals motivated the colonists to have a revolution?revolution?

Explain the concept of “Republican Motherhood”Explain the concept of “Republican Motherhood”

War’s Impact on War’s Impact on GovernmentGovernment

Many fear strong central government and Many fear strong central government and think power should be concentrated think power should be concentrated locally.locally.

Creation of new state governments.Creation of new state governments. A. Most states get rid of property requirements A. Most states get rid of property requirements

for voting. for voting. B. Many have weak (or no) executives.B. Many have weak (or no) executives. C. Some have unicameral legislatures (thought C. Some have unicameral legislatures (thought

to be more democratic)to be more democratic) D. Some regular people get elected to D. Some regular people get elected to

legislatures.legislatures.

Power to the PeoplePower to the People

During the Rev. the idea that During the Rev. the idea that sovereignty resides, ultimately, with sovereignty resides, ultimately, with the people, takes hold.the people, takes hold.

RepublicanismRepublicanism Elite’s Ideology of the revolution Elite’s Ideology of the revolution

Virtue is the keyVirtue is the key

Different opinions as to who possesses Different opinions as to who possesses virtue.virtue.

Most feel that one must be independent to Most feel that one must be independent to have virtuehave virtue

Many feel that land ownership is key to Many feel that land ownership is key to being independent and thus virtuous.being independent and thus virtuous.

Stop HereStop Here

First American GovernmentFirst American Government

The Articles of The Articles of ConfederationConfederation

Too weak, all of the Too weak, all of the power was in the power was in the statesstates

The ConstitutionThe Constitution

17871787

A federal Republic A federal Republic with more balance with more balance between the between the national and state national and state governments.governments.

Government

Legislative BranchMakes Laws

Executive BranchEnforces Laws

Judicial Branch

Why an Enlightenment Why an Enlightenment DocumentDocument

Social Contract—the power comes Social Contract—the power comes from “We The People…”from “We The People…”

Checks and Balances—Separation of Checks and Balances—Separation of PowersPowers

Natural RightsNatural Rights

Surrender of CornwallisSurrender of Cornwallis