The Age of Early European Explorations & Conquests

Admiral Zheng HeAdmiral Zheng HeAdmiral Zheng HeAdmiral Zheng He

1371-1435

Each ship was 400’ long and 160’ wide!

Zheng He’s VoyagesZheng He’s VoyagesZheng He’s VoyagesZheng He’s Voyages

In 1498, Da Gama reached Calcutta, China’s favorite port!

Motives for Motives for European European

ExplorationExploration

Motives for Motives for European European

ExplorationExploration

1. Commercial Revolution by-pass intermediaries to get to Asia for trade products.(Ottomans in the way)

2. Renaissance curiosity about other lands and peoples. Humanism, Secularism

3. Reformation refugees & missionaries (Jesuits) need a place to go

4. Monarchs seeking new sources of revenue. $$$$$$$

5. Technological Advances allow maritime travel to be easier, less dangerous

New Maritime New Maritime TechnologiesTechnologiesNew Maritime New Maritime TechnologiesTechnologies

Hartman Astrolabe

(1532)

Better Maps

Mariner’s Compass School for Navigation, 1419

PortuPortuguese guese ExplorExplorationation

PortuPortuguese guese ExplorExplorationation

1. Bartolomeo Dias, 1487.

2. Vasco da Gama, 1498.

3. Pedro Cabral

Ferdinand Magellan Ferdinand Magellan & the First & the First

Circumnavigation of Circumnavigation of the World:the World:

Early 16Early 16cc

Ferdinand Magellan Ferdinand Magellan & the First & the First

Circumnavigation of Circumnavigation of the World:the World:

Early 16Early 16cc

Columbus’ Four Columbus’ Four VoyagesVoyages

Columbus’ Four Columbus’ Four VoyagesVoyages

Spanish Exploration

The Treaty of The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 Tordesillas, 1494 The Pope’s Line of The Pope’s Line of

DemarcationDemarcation

The Treaty of The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 Tordesillas, 1494 The Pope’s Line of The Pope’s Line of

DemarcationDemarcation

Once information is brought back home in Europe, Spain and Portugal become rivals. Each want land in the “new world.”

To settle the dispute, the Pope steps in and draws a line on the map.

Spain receives everything West

and Portugal everything East of

the line.

1519

What people are already living in the New World? Aztecs

The First The First Spanish Spanish

Conquests:Conquests:The AztecsThe Aztecs

The First The First Spanish Spanish

Conquests:Conquests:The AztecsThe AztecsIs Cortez Quetzalcoatl?

Spanish Spanish Conquests: Conquests:

The IncasThe Incas

Spanish Spanish Conquests: Conquests:

The IncasThe IncasAtahualpaAtahualpa

1531

Machu Picchu- Terrace Farming

The “Columbian The “Columbian Exchange”Exchange”

The “Columbian The “Columbian Exchange”Exchange” Squash Avocado Peppers Sweet

Potatoes

Turkey Pumpkin Tobacco Quinine

Cocoa Pineapple

Cassava POTATO

Peanut TOMATO Vanilla MAIZE

Syphilis

Olive COFFEE BEAN Banana Rice

Onion Turnip Honeybee Barley

Grape Peach SUGAR CANE

Oats

Citrus Fruits Pear Wheat HORSE

Cattle Sheep Pigs Smallpox

Flu Typhus Measles Malaria

Diptheria Whooping Cough

Trinkets

Liquor

GUNS

Atlantic ExplorationsAtlantic ExplorationsAtlantic ExplorationsAtlantic ExplorationsLooking for “El Dorado”Looking for “El Dorado”

Cycle of Conquest & Cycle of Conquest & ColonizationColonization

Cycle of Conquest & Cycle of Conquest & ColonizationColonization

Explorers Conquistadores

Mission

arie

s

PermanentSettlers

OfficialEuropeanColony!

Who will work these new Who will work these new lands?lands?

Who will work these new Who will work these new lands?lands?

A need for workers on A need for workers on the farm leads to:the farm leads to:

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trans-Atlantic Slave TradeTrade

A need for workers on A need for workers on the farm leads to:the farm leads to:

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trans-Atlantic Slave TradeTrade

““Middle Passage”Middle Passage”

Many died during the Middle passage. Slave ships packed as

many Africans on board as possible knowing they would

lose a large percentage.

~12.5 million were sold. Of those, 10.7 million managed to live through the horrific

journey known as the Middle Passage.

The Colonial Class The Colonial Class SystemSystem

The Colonial Class The Colonial Class SystemSystem

PeninsularPeninsulareses CreolesCreoles

MestizoMestizoss

MulattMulattosos

Native IndiansNative Indians Enslaved Enslaved AfricansAfricans

After the creation of the colony, trade booms!! These trade routes come to be known as

TRIANGULAR TRADE

Mercantilism

The colony produces while the mother country received/enjoyed the benefits and sells back to the colony for profit!