Diffraction-limited storage rings deliver beam brightness and coherence orders of mag- nitude higher than existing third-generation synchrotron sources. These new charac- teristics will enable the explo- ration of new frontiers in sci- ence, especially with coherence-related techniques. Critical to the advance of coherent x-ray scattering, im- aging and microscopy is the ability to efficiently monitor, control and manipulate the beam wavefront to preserve the source property and to de- liver the maximum coherent flux to the sample. Achieving these goals re- quires advanced optics and diagnostic tools, in- cluding wavefront sensors that, ideally, are non- invasive, and are possibly coupled with adaptive optics to compensate for optics imperfections such as thermo-mechanical distortions, fabrica- tion errors, and misalignment. Development of in situ wavefront sensors has become a hot topic, actively pursued by synchrotron and free-electron laser facilities worldwide. The first attempts to develop adap- tive mirrors for synchrotron radiation were car- ried out more than two decades ago using opti- cal sensors. While these schemes provide vital information about the mirror surface, they pro- vide no information about the transmitted x-ray beam wavefront. As new sources with high co- herent flux are becoming available, many at- wavelength metrology concepts in the hard x- ray regime have been explored. One promising approach for wavefront sensing that has been developed by re- searchers from five laboratories could operate in a non-invasive or nearly non-invasive fashion. Advanced Photon Source Bldg. 401/Rm A4113 Argonne National Laboratory 9700 S. Cass Ave. Argonne, IL 60439 USA aps.anl.gov [email protected] anl.gov science.energy.gov/ T HE A DVANCED P HOTON S OURCE A HARD X- RAY NON-I NVASIVE WAVEFRONT S ENSOR FOLLOW US: @advancedphoton LIKE US: Advanced Photon Source flickr: advancedphotonsource12 Argonne National Laboratory is a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) laboratory managed by UChicago Argonne, LLC The Advanced Photon Source is a U.S. DOE Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 CALL FOR APS GENERAL -USER PROPOSALS The Advanced Photon Source is open to experimenters who can benefit from the facility’s high-brightness hard x-ray beams. General-user proposals for beam time during Run 2019-2 are due by Friday, March 1, 2019. Information on access to beam time at the APS is at http://www.aps.anl.gov/Users/apply_for_beamtime.html or contact Dr. Dennis Mills, [email protected], 630/252-5680. Fig. 1: (a) Concept of a hard x-ray wavefront sensor using a single-grating interferometer and a diamond-crystal beam splitter. (b) 3-D drawing of the prototype assembly. (c) A photo of the prototype assembly under test at the APS beamline 1-BM. The concept consists (Fig. 1a&b) of a 2-D, sin- gle-shot, Talbot grating interferometer combined with a thin (~100-µm-thick) diamond single-crys- tal beam splitter set into the 111 Bragg diffrac- tion. A prototype built to test the feasibility of such a sensor is shown in Fig. 1(c) [1]. The dia- mond crystal is mounted on a high-precision miniature goniometer and is inserted to diffract a fraction of the incident beam to a wavefront sensor mounted in the Bragg configuration. The challenge is to ensure that the dia- mond crystal beam splitter transmits the experi- ment beam with minimal distortion, while the dif- fracted beam carries the signal. Tests carried out at the APS 1-BM beamline showed that the degradation in spatial coherence of the trans- mitted wavefront is less than 5% [2], while the relative phase error introduced by the crystal is very small, about 1/55th of the wavelength (1.55 Å) at 8 keV, thus demonstrating that the pro- posed scheme could become a viable method to measure and monitor the beam wavefront while the experiment is ongoing, and possibly use the measured wavefront to generate a feed- back signal to control or optimize the shape of an adaptive optical element. Contact: [email protected], [email protected] Acknowledgments This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science-Basic Energy Sciences, ADR program, and under Contracts No. DE-AC02- 06CH11357, No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, No. DE- SC0012704, and DE-FOA-0001414. References [1] Kearney, S. P., et al., in Proceedings of the MEDSI 2018 Conference, 394–396 (2018). doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-MEDSI2018-THPH27 [2] Grizolli, W., et al., Proc. SPIE, 10385 (2017). doi.org/10.1117/12.2274023 Lahsen Assoufid 1 , Xianbo Shi 1 , Walan Grizolli 1 , Steven Kearney 1 , Kolodziej, T. 1 , Yuri Shvydko 1 , Vladimir Blank 2 , Sergey Terenteyev 2 , Deming Shu 1 , Antoine Wojdyla 3 , Kenneth A. Goldberg 3 , Mourad Idir 4 , Daniel Cocco 5 1 APS, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Av- enue, Lemont, Il, 60439 USA 2 Technological Institute for Superhard and Novel Car- bon Materials, Troitsk, Russia. 3 ALS, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berke- ley, California, 94710 USA 4 NSLS-II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973-5000 USA 5 SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 94025 USA
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Diffraction-limited storagerings deliver beam brightnessand coherence orders of mag-nitude higher than existingthird-generation synchrotronsources. These new charac-teristics will enable the explo-ration of new frontiers in sci-ence, especially withcoherence-related techniques.
Critical to the advance ofcoherent x-ray scattering, im-aging and microscopy is theability to efficiently monitor,control and manipulate thebeam wavefront to preservethe source property and to de-liver the maximum coherentflux to the sample. Achieving these goals re-quires advanced optics and diagnostic tools, in-cluding wavefront sensors that, ideally, are non-invasive, and are possibly coupled with adaptiveoptics to compensate for optics imperfectionssuch as thermo-mechanical distortions, fabrica-tion errors, and misalignment.
Development of in situ wavefront sensorshas become a hot topic, actively pursued bysynchrotron and free-electron laser facilitiesworldwide. The first attempts to develop adap-tive mirrors for synchrotron radiation were car-ried out more than two decades ago using opti-cal sensors. While these schemes provide vitalinformation about the mirror surface, they pro-vide no information about the transmitted x-raybeam wavefront. As new sources with high co-herent flux are becoming available, many at-wavelength metrology concepts in the hard x-ray regime have been explored.
One promising approach for wavefrontsensing that has been developed by re-searchers from five laboratories could operate ina non-invasive or nearly non-invasive fashion.
Advanced Photon SourceBldg. 401/Rm A4113Argonne National Laboratory9700 S. Cass Ave.Argonne, IL 60439 [email protected] anl.govscience.energy.gov/
THE ADVANCED PHOTON SOURCEA HARD X-RAY NON-INVASIVE WAVEFRONT SENSOR
FOLLOW US: @advancedphoton LIKE US: Advanced Photon Source flickr: advancedphotonsource12
Argonne National Laboratory is a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) laboratory managed by UChicago Argonne, LLCThe Advanced Photon Source is a U.S. DOE Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357
CALL FOR APS GENERAL-USER PROPOSALSThe Advanced Photon Source is open to experimenters who can benefit from the facility’s high-brightness hard x-ray beams.
General-user proposals for beam time during Run 2019-2 are due by Friday, March 1, 2019.Information on access to beam time at the APS is at http://www.aps.anl.gov/Users/apply_for_beamtime.html or contact Dr. Dennis Mills, [email protected], 630/252-5680.
Fig. 1: (a) Concept of a hard x-ray wavefront sensor using a single-grating interferometerand a diamond-crystal beam splitter. (b) 3-D drawing of the prototype assembly. (c) A photoof the prototype assembly under test at the APS beamline 1-BM.
The concept consists (Fig. 1a&b) of a 2-D, sin-gle-shot, Talbot grating interferometer combinedwith a thin (~100-µm-thick) diamond single-crys-tal beam splitter set into the 111 Bragg diffrac-tion. A prototype built to test the feasibility ofsuch a sensor is shown in Fig. 1(c) [1]. The dia-mond crystal is mounted on a high-precisionminiature goniometer and is inserted to diffracta fraction of the incident beam to a wavefrontsensor mounted in the Bragg configuration.
The challenge is to ensure that the dia-mond crystal beam splitter transmits the experi-ment beam with minimal distortion, while the dif-fracted beam carries the signal. Tests carriedout at the APS 1-BM beamline showed that thedegradation in spatial coherence of the trans-mitted wavefront is less than 5% [2], while therelative phase error introduced by the crystal isvery small, about 1/55th of the wavelength (1.55Å) at 8 keV, thus demonstrating that the pro-posed scheme could become a viable methodto measure and monitor the beam wavefrontwhile the experiment is ongoing, and possiblyuse the measured wavefront to generate a feed-back signal to control or optimize the shape ofan adaptive optical element.
Contact: [email protected], [email protected] work was supported by the U.S. Department ofEnergy Office of Science-Basic Energy Sciences, ADRprogram, and under Contracts No. DE-AC02-06CH11357, No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, No. DE-SC0012704, and DE-FOA-0001414.
References[1] Kearney, S. P., et al., in Proceedings of the MEDSI2018 Conference, 394–396 (2018).doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-MEDSI2018-THPH27
[2] Grizolli, W., et al., Proc. SPIE, 10385 (2017).doi.org/10.1117/12.2274023
Lahsen Assoufid1, Xianbo Shi1, Walan Grizolli1, StevenKearney1, Kolodziej, T.1, Yuri Shvydko1, VladimirBlank2, Sergey Terenteyev2, Deming Shu1, AntoineWojdyla3, Kenneth A. Goldberg3, Mourad Idir4, DanielCocco5
1APS, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Av-enue, Lemont, Il, 60439 USA2Technological Institute for Superhard and Novel Car-bon Materials, Troitsk, Russia.3ALS, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berke-ley, California, 94710 USA4NSLS-II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY,11973-5000 USA5SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park,California, 94025 USA
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