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The Adult
Learner
Free powerpoints at http://www.worldofteaching.com
"The art of teaching is the
art of assisting discovery."
- Mark Van Doren
What is Learning?
Learning involves change.
concerned with the acquisition
of habits, knowledge, and
attitudes.
What is Learning?
It enables the individual
to make both personal
and social adjustments.
What is Learning?
Learning is a change in the
individual, due to the interaction
of that individual, and his
environment, which fills a need
and makes him more capable of
dealing adequately with his
environment.
What is learning?
Learning is a change in
human disposition or
capability, which can be
retained and applied.
Key Assumptions about
Adult Learners:
1. Adults are motivated to
learn as they experience
needs and interests that
learning will satisfy.
Key Assumptions about
Adult Learners:
2. Experience is the richest
source for adults’
learning.
Key Assumptions about
Adult Learners:
3. Adults have a need to
be self-directing.
Dewey’s Key Concepts of
Teaching:
All genuine education comes about through experience.
Democracy/Participation - promotes quality human experience
Dewey’s Key Concepts of
Teaching:
Continuity - builds upon experiences that are worth while
Interaction/Participative- it’s a social process
What Adults Need to Know
Prior to Learning:
how learning will be conducted
what will be learned
why it will be valuable
"Anyone who stops learning
is old, whether at twenty or
eighty. Anyone who keeps
learning
stays young."
- Henry Ford
Breakdown of the
Principals of Adult
Learning
Learning is enhanced
when it can immediately
be applied in a real-life
context.
Learning is enhanced when
adult learners have control
or influence over their
educational experiences.
Learning depends
on past
and current
experiences.
Learning is enhanced
when
people are active
participants.
Learning requires an
environment
of comfort and respect.
Learning is
enhanced
when
self-directed.
Adult learning
is enhanced when
participants
experience success.
KWL
What do we know?
What do we want to know?
What did we learn?
“Show me and I forget; Teach me and I remember;
Involve me and I learn.”
- B. Franklin
Jane Vella’s
12 Principles of
teaching adults
Principle 1
Needs Assessment.
Learners need to
participate in naming,
what is to be learned
Principle 2
Safety
Learners need a safe,
nurturing environment in
which there is trust.
Principle 3
Sound Relationship
Friendship without dependency
Fun without trivialization
Dialogue of peers
Principle 4
Sequencing.
Small to big
Easy to hard
Slow to fast
Principle 5
Action with reflection.
Description / Analysis /
Application / Implementation
Principle 6
Control.
Learners as subjects.
Learners as decision makers.
Principle 7
Feelings / Emotions
Learning through pictures / sound /
opinion / discussion.
Learning through the learners
experiences / beliefs.
Principle 8
Immediacy.
Learning that is practical,
can be used in their
workplace, learning directly
relevant to tomorrow.
Principle 9
Clear Roles.
Clearly defined roles and
who does what in the
learning process.
Principle 10
Teamwork.
A social aspect to the
learning. Adults need to
network, learn by facilitation
with other peers.
Principle 11
Engagement.
Learners are active
participants with an
investment in the learning
beyond the classroom.
Principle 12
Accountability.
Learners expect results.
What was planned for should
be seen/reviewed in an
outcome.
REFERENCES http://honolulu.hawaii.edu/intranet/committees/Fac
DevCom/guidebk/teachtip/adults-1.htm
Merriam, S. B. and Caffarella, R. S. (1991) Learning
in Adulthood. A comprehensive guide, San
Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Knowles, Malcolm,(1978), The adult learner : a
neglected species, Houston, Gulf Pub. Co.
Vella, Jane, (1994), Learning to listen, learning to
teach, San Francisco,Jossey-Bass Publishers
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