The Abolitionist Movement Standard 8a-b. SSUSH8 The student will explain the relationship between growing north-south divisions and westward expansion.

The Abolitionist The Abolitionist MovementMovement

Standard 8a-bStandard 8a-b

SSUSH8 The student will SSUSH8 The student will explain the relationship explain the relationship

between growing north-south between growing north-south divisions and westward divisions and westward

expansion. expansion. ► Explain how slavery became a significant issue in Explain how slavery became a significant issue in

American politics; include the slave rebellion of Nat American politics; include the slave rebellion of Nat Turner and the rise of abolitionism (William Lloyd Turner and the rise of abolitionism (William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglas, and the Grimke Garrison, Frederick Douglas, and the Grimke sisters). sisters).

► b. Explain the Missouri Compromise and the issue b. Explain the Missouri Compromise and the issue of slavery in western states and territories. of slavery in western states and territories.

AbolitionAbolition►What is abolition?What is abolition?

DefinitionDefinition: The end of slavery: The end of slavery A movement that began in the 1830sA movement that began in the 1830s

►Abolitionists argued that enslaved Abolitionists argued that enslaved African Americans should be freed African Americans should be freed immediatelyimmediately

► In the eyes of Abolitionists, slavery was In the eyes of Abolitionists, slavery was an enormous evil of which the country an enormous evil of which the country needed to repentneeded to repent

Slavery and the Southern Slavery and the Southern EconomyEconomy

► The South was mainly agricultural with very The South was mainly agricultural with very little manufacturinglittle manufacturing

► The main crops during the mid 1800s were rice The main crops during the mid 1800s were rice and cotton, both which required extensive labor and cotton, both which required extensive labor to produceto produce

► Though slavery was prevalent in the South, a Though slavery was prevalent in the South, a large number of Southerners did not own slaves.large number of Southerners did not own slaves.

David Walker & Walker’s David Walker & Walker’s AppealAppeal

David Walker & Walker’s David Walker & Walker’s AppealAppeal

►The first well-known The first well-known abolitionistabolitionist

►A free African American A free African American from North Carolinafrom North Carolina

►Published Published Appeal to the Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the Colored Citizens of the WorldWorld

►Advocated violence and Advocated violence and rebellion as the only rebellion as the only way to end slaveryway to end slavery

William Lloyd GarrisonWilliam Lloyd Garrison

William Lloyd GarrisonWilliam Lloyd Garrison► Responsible for rapid Responsible for rapid

spread of abolitionist spread of abolitionist movementmovement

► Founded Boston’s Founded Boston’s antislavery newspaper, antislavery newspaper, The LiberatorThe Liberator

► Believed slavery was Believed slavery was immoral and immoral and slaveholders were evilslaveholders were evil

►Only option = Only option = immediate immediate emancipation, emancipation, or freeing or freeing of all enslaved peopleof all enslaved people

Grimke SistersGrimke Sisters

Sarah and Angelina Grimke

The Grimke SistersThe Grimke Sisters

► From South Carolina From South Carolina (father was a plantation (father was a plantation owner)owner)

► Moved North to work openly against slaveryMoved North to work openly against slavery► Also fought for women’s rightsAlso fought for women’s rights

Frederick DouglassFrederick Douglass

Frederick DouglassFrederick Douglass► Escaped slave from Escaped slave from

MarylandMaryland► Published Published The North The North

StarStar, an antislavery , an antislavery newspapernewspaper

► Published an Published an autobiography, autobiography, Narrative of the Life of Narrative of the Life of Frederick DouglassFrederick Douglass

► One of the most One of the most prominent African prominent African American figures of the American figures of the movementmovement

Sojourner TruthSojourner Truth

Sojourner TruthSojourner Truth

►Gained freedom in Gained freedom in 18271827

►Gave well-spoken, Gave well-spoken, joyous and deeply joyous and deeply religious speeches religious speeches that drew large that drew large crowdscrowds

► Engaged listeners Engaged listeners with humor, personal with humor, personal stories, contagious stories, contagious singing and strong singing and strong antislavery messagesantislavery messages

Nat Turner/Turner’s RebellionNat Turner/Turner’s Rebellion

Turner’s RebellionTurner’s Rebellion►Slave revolts were a constant concern Slave revolts were a constant concern

among plantation owners. The among plantation owners. The plantation owners were outnumbered plantation owners were outnumbered greatly by the slaves.greatly by the slaves.

► In 1831, Nat Turner, a Virginia slave, In 1831, Nat Turner, a Virginia slave, believed God had chosen him to lead a believed God had chosen him to lead a revolt.revolt.

► Turner led other enslaved people to kill Turner led other enslaved people to kill the plantation family that owned Turner. the plantation family that owned Turner. The rebellion grew to about sixty enslaved people The rebellion grew to about sixty enslaved people

total.total.

Effects of Turner’s RebellionEffects of Turner’s Rebellion

► In total, Turner & his followers killed over In total, Turner & his followers killed over 50 white Virginians.50 white Virginians.

►Nat Turner was imprisoned & later Nat Turner was imprisoned & later executed.executed.

► The rebellion increased fears of Southern The rebellion increased fears of Southern plantation/slave owners that led to tighten plantation/slave owners that led to tighten control of blacks, stricter codes on control of blacks, stricter codes on enslaved blacks & free African Americans, enslaved blacks & free African Americans, and the suppression of all abolitionist and the suppression of all abolitionist material.material.

Reaction to Abolitionist Reaction to Abolitionist MovementMovement

Northern ReactionNorthern Reaction• Feared large Feared large

migration of African migration of African Americans to the Americans to the NorthNorth

• Feared an upset of Feared an upset of the social system the social system would lead to war would lead to war with the Southwith the South

• Many Northerners Many Northerners sympathized with sympathized with slaves – did not slaves – did not want to return them want to return them to slave ownersto slave owners

Southern ReactionSouthern Reaction• Slave holders Slave holders

defended slavery defended slavery as vital to their as vital to their economic stabilityeconomic stability

• Argued slaves Argued slaves enjoyed a close, enjoyed a close, friendly friendly relationship with relationship with their ownerstheir owners

• Demanded Demanded suppression of suppression of abolitionist abolitionist materialmaterial

Leading up to the Missouri Leading up to the Missouri CompromiseCompromise

► In 1819 the U.S. consisted of 11 free In 1819 the U.S. consisted of 11 free and 11 slave statesand 11 slave states

►Missouri applied for statehood as a Missouri applied for statehood as a slave state in 1819slave state in 1819 One of the first states from the LA Purchase – One of the first states from the LA Purchase –

debate ensued on whether it would enter the debate ensued on whether it would enter the Union as a free or slave state.Union as a free or slave state.

The Missouri Compromise of The Missouri Compromise of 18201820

►Missouri Compromise of 1820 settled the Missouri Compromise of 1820 settled the impasse by banning slavery in all land impasse by banning slavery in all land within the LA Purchase lying above the within the LA Purchase lying above the 36°30’N parallel, with the exception of 36°30’N parallel, with the exception of Missouri, which entered the Union in 1821 Missouri, which entered the Union in 1821 as a slave state.as a slave state.

► To balance the proportion of slave & free To balance the proportion of slave & free states, Maine entered the Union in 1820 as a states, Maine entered the Union in 1820 as a free state.free state.

► Why would the South agree not to expand slavery into the Why would the South agree not to expand slavery into the Unorganized Louisiana Territory?Unorganized Louisiana Territory?

Practice QuestionsPractice Questions

All of the following were leaders in All of the following were leaders in abolitionism EXCEPTabolitionism EXCEPT

A)A) Frederick DouglassFrederick Douglass

B)B) The GrimkThe Grimké sistersé sisters

C)C) John C. CalhounJohn C. Calhoun

D)D) William Lloyd GarrisonWilliam Lloyd Garrison

Practice QuestionsPractice Questions

►What was the result of the slave What was the result of the slave rebellion of Nat Turner?rebellion of Nat Turner? A) abolitionA) abolition B) the Wilmot PrivisoB) the Wilmot Priviso C) the Missouri CompromiseC) the Missouri Compromise D) greater restrictions on slavesD) greater restrictions on slaves

Practice QuestionsPractice Questions

All of these methods were used during All of these methods were used during the abolitionist movement to spread the abolitionist movement to spread the message EXCEPTthe message EXCEPT

A)A) SpeechesSpeeches

B)B) NewspapersNewspapers

C)C) RebellionsRebellions

D)D) Negotiations with Plantation ownersNegotiations with Plantation owners

Practice QuestionsPractice Questions

►How did the 1820 Missouri Compromise How did the 1820 Missouri Compromise maintain a balance of free and slave states maintain a balance of free and slave states in the nation?in the nation? A) the U.S. Senate is slow to abandon neutrality A) the U.S. Senate is slow to abandon neutrality B) Missouri entered the Union as a slave state B) Missouri entered the Union as a slave state

while Maine entered as a free statewhile Maine entered as a free state C) Congress agreed to allow states to vote on C) Congress agreed to allow states to vote on

where they wanted to be free or slavewhere they wanted to be free or slave D) the southern states agreed to abandon the D) the southern states agreed to abandon the

Ordinance of Nullification and not secede.Ordinance of Nullification and not secede.