The 21 st Century Internet The Always-On World First Annual James E. Crouch Lecture San Diego State University San Diego, CA May 2, 2002 Dr. Larry Smarr.

The 21st Century Internet—The “Always-On” World

First Annual James E. Crouch Lecture

San Diego State University

San Diego, CA

May 2, 2002

Dr. Larry Smarr

Director, California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technologies

Professor, Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering

Jacobs School of Engineering, UCSD

Abstract

"After twenty years, the "S-curve" of building out the wired internet with hundreds of millions of PCs as its end points is flattening out, with corresponding lowering

of the growth rates of the major suppliers of that global infrastructure. At the same time, several new "S-curves" are reaching their steep slope as ubiquitous

computing begins to sweep the planet. First, the combination of wireless local area networks, the third generation of cellular phones, satellites, and the

increasing use of the FCC unlicensed wireless band will cover the world with internet connectivity enabling both scientific research and emergency

preparedness. This universal access to the Net will change our personal lives and enable a new generation of SensorNets to give us realtime feedback about our

environment. Secondly, the resulting vast increase in internet data streams, augmented by the advent of mass market broadband to homes and businesses,

will drive the backbone of the internet to an optical network of tremendous capacity. Finally, peer-to-peer computing and storage will increasingly provide a

vast untapped capability to power this emergent planetary computer. I will describe how the newly formed Cal-(IT)2 Institute is organizing research in each of

these areas, driven by real world challenges in earthquakes, global warming, pollution, and transportation congestion. We are building large scale

"Laboratories for Living in the Future" into our community, several of which have SDSU performing a leadership role."

"The 21st Century Internet—the 'Always-On' World"

Crouch Lecture

SDSU

San Diego, CA

May 2, 2002

Dr. Larry Smarr

Director, California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technologies

Professor, Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering

Jacobs School of Engineering, UCSD

• Wireless Access--Anywhere, Anytime– Broadband Speeds– Cellular Connected with Wi-Fi

• Billions of New Wireless Internet End Points– Information Appliances– Sensors and Actuators– Embedded Processors

• Will Bring About a New Meaning to “Dual-Use”– Civilian

– Scientific and Engineering Research– Commercial Business

– Military– External Defense – Homeland Security

The “Always On” Internet

California Has Initiated Four New Institutes for Science and Innovation

UCSBUCLA

California NanoSystems Institute

UCSF UCB

California Institute for Bioengineering, Biotechnology,

and Quantitative Biomedical Research

UCI

UCSD

California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology

Center for Information Technology Research

in the Interest of Society

UCSC

UCDUCM

www.ucop.edu/california-institutes

Cal-(IT)2 -- An Integrated Approach to Research on the Future of the Internet

www.calit2.net

220 UCSD & UCI FacultyWorking in Multidisciplinary Teams

With Students, Industry, and the Community

SDSU is an Academic Partner

Two New Cal-(IT)2 Buildings Approved by Legislature Last Week!

• Will Create New Laboratory Facilities– Clean Rooms for Nanotech and BioMEMS– Computer Arts Virtual Reality– Wireless and Optical Networking– Interdisciplinary Teams

Bioengineering

UC San Diego

UC Irvine

The Internet Is Rapidly Becoming Mobile

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Mobile Internet

Fixed Internet

Subscribers (millions)

Source: Ericsson

Wireless Internet is Moving Throughout The Physical World

• First US Taste of 3G Cellular Internet– UCSD Jacobs School Antenna

– First Beta Test Site

• Linking to 802.11 Mobile “Bubble”– Tested on CyberShuttle

– Joint Project with Campus– From Railway to Campus at 65 mph!

Rooftop Qualcomm 1xEV Access Point

www.calit2.net/news/2002/4-2-bbus.html

Experimenting with the Future -- Wireless Internet Video Cams & Robots

Computer Vision and Robotics Research LabMohan Trivedi, UCSD, Cal-(IT)2

Mobile Interactivity Avatar

Linked by 1xEV Cellular Internet

Useful for Highway Accidents

or Disasters

Using Students to Invent the FutureThe Teacher-Scholar Model of Discovery

• Year- Long “Living Laboratory” Experiment 2001-02– Computer Science & Engineering Undergraduates

– 500+ Wireless-Enabled HP Pocket PCs at UC San Diego – 50 Compaq Pocket PCs at UC Irvine

• Currently Using Wi-Fi (802.11) Wireless Internet• Experiments with Geo-location and Interactive Maps

Cal-(IT)2 Team: Bill Griswold, Gabriele Wienhausen, UCSD; Rajesh Gupta, UCI

UC San Diego

UC Irvine

ActiveCampus – Outdoor Map

Source: Bill Griswold, UCSD

ActiveClass: Asking a Question

1. Click in box

2. Type question

3. Click Submit

1. Click in box

2. Type question

3. Click Submit

Source: Bill Griswold, UCSD

ActiveClass: Asking a Question

Also Polls and Class Ratings

Also Polls and Class Ratings

Question is posted

Others can vote on it

Question is posted

Others can vote on it

• Used in CSE 12, Our 2nd Programming Course

• 200 Students in Two Sections

• Continuing This Term

Source: Bill Griswold, UCSD

How Will You Know if The Kids Are on the Internet?

It connects to the audio piece and works like a tiny monitor that projects an image through the really cool bug-eye monocle into my eye. It has lots of ‘serious’ applications, but my favorite is to watch ‘Buffy’.

My mom has already realized that when the video is on, the lenses become less transparent. That way she knows if I’m really paying attention to her or

reading my email. She’s caught on quickly. http://wearables.www.media.mit.edu/

projects/wearables/mit-ideo/

Can Use of These Technologies Help Us Avoid the Downsides of Prolonged Growth?

• Add Wireless Sensor Array

• Build GIS Data• Focus on:

– Pollution– Water Cycle– Earthquakes– Bridges– Traffic– Policy

• Work with the Community to Adapt to Growth

HuntingtonBeach

Mission Bay

San Diego Bay

UCSD

UCI

High Tech Coast

Using the FCC Unlicensed Bandto Create a High Speed Wireless Backbone

• The High PerformanceWireless Research and Education Network

• An SDSU & Cal-(IT)2

Academic Partner

• Enabling a Broad Set of Science Applications and Crisis Management

• Allows for SensorNet Deployment to Remote Locations

http://hpwren.ucsd.edu/topo.html

NSF FundedPI, Hans-Werner Braun, SDSC

Co-PI, Frank Vernon, SIO45mbps Duplex Backbone

The SDSU Field Station ProgramProvides Critical Living Laboratories

• Global Warming Impact• Land & Resource Management• Habitat Fragmentation• Water Quality and Quantity• Biodiversity Loss• Disruption of Fire Regimes• Invasion of Exotic Species

Using the SDSU Santa Margarita Field Stationas a Rapid Prototyping SensorNet Testbed

ROADnet—Bringing SensorNets to the Dirt Roads and the High Seas

• High Bandwidth Wireless Internet – Linking Sensors for:

– Seismology– Oceanography– Climate– Hydrology– Ecology– Geodesy

– Real-Time Data Management

• Joint Collaboration Between:– SIO / IGPP– UCSD– SDSC / HPWREN– SDSU– Cal-(IT)2

http://roadnet.ucsd.edu/

Santa Margarita Ecological Reserve

R/V Revelle in Lyttleton, NZ

As Our Bodies Move On-LineDigital Medicine Will Emerge

• Internal Sensors—Israeli Video Pill– Battery, Light, & Video Camera– Images Stored on Hip Device

• Next Step—Putting You On-Line!– Wireless Internet Transmission– Key Metabolic and Physical Sensors

• Genomic Individualized Medicine– Combine

– Genetic Code – Body Sensor Data Flows

– Powerful AI Data Mining Techniques

www.givenimaging.com

www.bodymedia.com

www.philometron.com

SensorNets—Real-Time Data

Storage hardware

Database Systems, Grid Storage,Filesystems

Data Mining, Simulation Modeling, Analysis, Data Fusion

Web PortalCustomized to User Device

Knowledge-Based Integration Advanced Query Processing

Networked Storage (SAN)

Visualization

High speed networking

Data Organization and Mining Are at the Heart of the “Always-On” Internet

The SDSC/Cal-(IT)2 Knowledge and Data

Engineering Laboratory

How Can we Deal with the Increasing Flood of Data?

Scientific American, January 2001

Decision Makers NeedCollaborative SensorNet Analysis Facilities

• Driven by SensorNets Data– Real Time Seismic– Environmental Monitoring – Emergency Response– Distributed Corporations

• Linked UCSD and SDSU– Dedication March 4, 2002

Linking Control Rooms

Cox, Panoram,SAIC, SGI, IBM,

TeraBurst NetworksSD Telecom Council

UCSD SDSU44 Miles of Cox Fiber

From Telephone Conference Calls to Access Grid International Video Meetings

Access Grid Lead-ArgonneNSF STARTAP Lead-UIC’s Elec. Vis. Lab

Creating a Virtual Global Research LabUsing IP Multicast

Internet Engineering a Future Homeland Security

• Regional Network for Homeland Security– UCSD / SDSU / SD Collaboration– Meetings with SD County, Cal OES, SPAWAR, SAIC, et al

• Cal-(IT)2 is Developing an Information Infrastructure – Early Warning SensorNets– Community Command System for Disaster Response – High Tech Coast Geographic Data System– Wireless Devices for First Responders

Patient wireless device and system

Responder wireless device and system

Command visualization

system

Hospital system

Wireless bridging systemsLocation aware system

Disaster database

Wireless Internet Information System for Medical Response in Disasters (WIISARD)

Source: Dr. Leslie Lenert, UCSD SOM

Hot Zone

Prevailing wind

Warm zone

Compromised Transportation

Corridor

WMD attack site

(Stadium)

Emergency Response Scenario

Source: Dr. Leslie Lenert, UCSD SOM

Transportation Assets With Mobile Internet

Bubble

Triage

FieldTreatment

Station

Mobile BubblesPatient RF IDs

First Responder PDAs

Hospital #1

Hospital #2 (on bypass)

Transport station Control Room

GPS Tracking

University Research on Multi-Function Sensors

• UCSD Cal-(IT)2 Wireless SensorNets Group– Pollution

– Biomedical

– Particulate

– Magnetic

– Systems Integration

• Target Markets: – Pollution Monitoring

– Monitoring Public Spaces

– First RespondersHandheld Nanosensor Device for Sarin Nerve Agent

Developed for DARPA Micro Unattended Ground Sensors program

Mike Sailor, UCSD Chemistry, Cal-(IT)2

“Sites” and“Buddies” Data

Structures Adapted

To “Patient List”And

“Care Resources”

“Instant Messaging”Adapted for

AsynchronousProvider

Communicationsto ICC or Other Providers

“Campus Map”Adapted to

Display Hot and WarmZones and the

Locations of Patients.

“Digital Graffiti”Adapted to Display

Patient Alerts

Reworking a Campus Education Communication System for Disaster Care

Active Disaster Care System

Grid Computing is Becoming Mainstream

The Global Grid Will Power a Mobile Internet

www.entropia.com

Adding Brilliance to Mobile Clients with Internet Computing

• Napster Meets Entropia– Distributed Computing and Storage Combined– Assume Ten Million PCs in Five Years

– Average Speed Ten Gigaflop– Average Free Storage 100 GB

– Planetary Computer Capacity– 100,000 TeraFLOP Speed– 1 Million TeraByte Storage

• 1000 TeraFLOPs is Roughly a Human Brain-Second– Morovec-Intelligent Robots and Mind Transferral– Kurzweil-The Age of Spiritual Machines– Joy-Humans an Endangered Species?– Vinge-Singularity

The Planetary Computing Power is Passing Through an Important Threshold

1 Million x

Source: Hans Moravecwww.transhumanist.com/volume1/power_075.jpg

•Will the Grid Become Self-

–Organizing

–Powered

–Aware?

Can Robots Tap the Powerof the Planetary Computer?

• Sensors– Temperature – Distance – Speed– Accelerations – Pressure – IR – Vibration – Imaging

• Linked to Internet by Wi-Fi Wireless Broadband– Completely Changes Robotics Architecture– Access to Nearly Infinite Computing, Storage, Software – Marriage of Net Software Agents to Physical Probes– Ad Hoc Teams of Interacting Intelligent Robots

Sony’s AIBO and SDR-4X