The 2016 Annual Economic Report on the EU Fishing Fleet ...€¦ · Directorate D – Sustainable Resources Contact information STECF secretariat Address: Unit D.02 Water and Marine

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The 2016 Annual Economic Report

on the EU Fishing Fleet

(STECF 16-11)

Scientific, Technical and Economic

Committee for Fisheries (STECF)

Edited by: Natacha Carvalho, Michael Keatinge and Jordi Guillen

This report was reviewed by the STECF during the summer plenary, 4-8 July 2016

EUR XXXXX EN - 2016

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European Commission

DG Joint Research Centre

Directorate D – Sustainable Resources

Contact information

STECF secretariat

Address: Unit D.02 Water and Marine Resources, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra VA, Italy

E-mail: [email protected]

Tel.: 0039 0332 789343

Fax: 0039 0332 789658

JRC Science Hub

https://ec.europa.eu/jrc

Legal Notice

This publication is a Science and Policy Report by the Joint Research Centre, the European Commission’s in-house science service. It

aims to provide evidence-based scientific support to the European policy-making process. The scientific output expressed does not

imply a policy position of the European Commission. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the

Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of this publication.

JRC XXXXXXX

EUR – Scientific and Technical Research series – ISSN 1831-9424

ISSN 2467-0715

ISBN XXXXXXXXXXXXXX

doi:XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2016

© European Union, 2016

Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged

How to cite this report:

Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries (STECF) – The 2016 Annual Economic Report on the EU Fishing Fleet

(STECF-16-11). 2016. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, EUR XXXX EN, JRC XXX, 470 pp.

Printed in Italy

Abstract

In 2014, the EU fishing fleet numbered 81 500 vessels with a combined gross tonnage (GT) of 1.6 million tonnes and engine power

of 6.4 million kilowatts (kW). EU fleet capacity has continued to decrease steadily, at an average annual rate of 2% in terms of

vessel numbers and engine power (kW) and 3% in terms of gross tonnage (GT). Based on data submitted by Member States under

the Data Collection Framework (DCF), there were 63 642 active vessels and 17 860 inactive vessels in 2014. Of the active vessels,

74% were classed as small-scale, 26% large-scale and remaining less than 1%, distant-water vessels. Direct employment generated

by the fleet amounted to just under 150 000 fishers, corresponding to 111 140 FTEs. The revenue (income from landings plus other

income) earned by the EU fishing fleet in 2014 (excl. Greece) was estimated at €7.25 billion. As in previous years, the major cost

items were labour and energy, representing 34% and 22% of total operating costs, respectively. The amount of Gross Value Added

(GVA) and gross profit (all excl. subsidies) generated by the EU fishing fleet (excl. Greece) in 2014 was €3.7 billion and €1.6 billion,

respectively. GVA as a proportion of total revenue was estimated at 51.5% and gross profit margin at 21.9%. With a total net profit

of €770 million for the EU fleet in 2014, 10.6% of the revenue was retained as net profit, up from 7.3% in 2013. This publication

includes: 1) An structural and economic overview of the EU fishing fleet in 2014, with projections for 2015-2016, and trend analyses

for the years 2008-2014; 2) A regional analysis of the EU fishing fleet by major sea basin: Baltic Sea, North Sea, North East Atlantic,

Mediterranean & Black Sea, as well as fleets operating in Other Fishing Regions, including the Northwest Atlantic, Eastern Arctic,

Outermost regions and Other regions; 3) A detailed structural and economic overview of each EU Member State fishing fleet,

including qualitative economic performance assessments for 2014 and projections for 2015 and 2016 for MS fleets operating in the

NE Atlantic, based on the Bio-Economic Model of European Fleets (BEMEF).

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Table of Contents

1 INTRODUCTION 2

1.1 Terms of Reference for STECF EWG-16-03 & 16-07 2 1.2 Abbreviations 4 1.3 Data source and coverage 5

2 EWGs AND LIST OF PARTICIPANTS 6

LIST OF TABLES 9 LIST OF FIGURES 14

THE 2016 ANNUAL ECONOMIC REPORT ON THE EU FISHING FLEET (STECF 16-11) 20

STECF OBSERVATIONS 20

STECF CONCLUSIONS 21

Executive Summary 22

EU Member State Fleet Summary Reports 23

Expert Working Group Report 68

3 EU FLEET OVERVIEW 69

3.1 Background 70 3.2 Overview of the EU Fishing Fleet in 2014 71 3.3 Economic Performance indicators 86 3.4 Assessment for 2015 and 2016 91 3.5 Main drivers and trends affecting the performance of the EU fleet 91 3.6 Summary tables by MS and fishing activity: 2008-2014 93

4 EU FLEET REGIONAL ANALYSIS 105

4.1 Background 108 4.2 General Overview 109 4.3 EU Fleet activity in the North Sea region 111 4.4 EU Fleet activity in the Baltic Sea 126 4.5 EU Fleet activity in the Northeast Atlantic region 138 4.6 EU Fleet activity in the Mediterranean & Black Sea region 155 4.7 EU Fleet activity in OFR: EU Distant-water and Outermost Region Fleets 168

5 NATIONAL CHAPTERS 195

5.1 BELGIUM 196 5.2 BULGARIA 206 5.3 CROATIA 214 5.4 CYPRUS 223 5.5 DENMARK 230 5.6 ESTONIA 240 5.7 FINLAND 249 5.8 FRANCE 257 5.9 GERMANY 271 5.10 GREECE 281 5.11 IRELAND 286 5.12 ITALY 297 5.13 LATVIA 307 5.14 LITHUANIA 317 5.15 MALTA 327 5.16 NETHERLANDS 337 5.17 POLAND 347 5.18 PORTUGAL 356 5.19 ROMANIA 368 5.20 SLOVENIA 376 5.21 SPAIN 384 5.22 SWEDEN 400

5.23 UNITED KINGDOM 410

6 AER REPORT METHODOLOGY 420

6.1 Background 420

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6.2 DCF variables requested 421 6.3 Concepts, terms and definitions 423 6.4 Economic performance indicator calculations 424 6.5 Economic performance projections 427 6.6 Disaggregation of economic data 429 6.7 Projections in 2015 and 2016 forecasts using BEMEF 432

7 DCF DATA COVERAGE AND QUALITY 440

7.1 Data quality and coverage checking procedures – AER Exercise 440

8 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS EWG 16-03 and 16-07 443

8.1 Contact details of STECF members and EWGS-16-03 and 16-07 List of Participants 443

9 LIST OF ANNEXES 449

10 LIST OF BACKGROUND DOCUMENTS 450

11 ANNEXES 451

11.1 Annex 1 – Deviations in calculating some key economic indicators and capital cost estimation 451 11.2 Annex 2 – The Question of Investment: Beneficial or Detrimental? 456 11.3 Annex 3 – Data transmission issues: 2016 DCF call for economic data on the EU fishing fleet 467

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 3.1 Main capacity, employment, effort and landings variables by Member State, 2014 93

Table 3.2 Main economic variables by Member State, 2014 94

Table 3.3 Main socio-economic performance indicators by Member State, 2014 95

Table 3.4 Inactive fleet capacity (number of vessels, kW and GT) by Member State, 2014. 96

Table 3.5 Fuel prices (€ per litre) by Member State. 96

Table 3.6 Main capacity, effort and landings variables for the EU small-scale fleet by MS, 2014 97

Table 3.7 Main economic variables and indicators for the EU small-scale fleet by MS, 2014 98

Table 3.8 Main economic performance indicators for the EU small-scale fleet by MS, 2014 99

Table 3.9 Main capacity, effort and landings variables for the EU large-scale fleet by MS, 2014 100

Table 3.10 Main economic variables and indicators for the EU large-scale fleet by MS, 2014 101

Table 3.11 Main economic performance indicators for the EU large-scale fleet by MS, 2014 102

Table 3.12 Main Capacity, effort and landings variables for the EU distant-water fleet by MS, 2014 103

Table 3.13 Main economic variables and indicators for the EU distant-water fleet by MS, 2014 103

Table 3.14 Main economic performance indicators for the EU distant-water fleet by MS, 2014 104

Table 4.1 Estimates of main capacity, effort, landings and performance indicators for the EU fleet by region, 2014 110

Table 4.2 Estimates of main capacity, effort, landings and performance indicators for the EU fleet by region, 2013 110

Table 4.3 MS fleet dependency on stocks in the North Sea 114

Table 4.4 Fleet segment dependency on pelagic stocks in the North Sea 119

Table 4.5 Fleet segment dependency on demersal and Nephrop stocks stocks in the North Sea, 2008-2014 120

Table 4.6 Fleet segment dependency on flatfish stocks in the North Sea, 2008-2014 121

Table 4.7 Structure and economic performance estimates by MS fleets operating in the North Sea region, 2014 123

Table 4.8 Structure and economic performance by fishing activity for MS fleets in the North Sea region, 2014 123

Table 4.9 Structure and economic performance estimates by MS and fishing activity in the North Sea region, 2014 124

Table 4.10 Structure and economic performance estimates for the top 35 MS fleets in the North Sea region, 2014 125

Table 4.11 TAC for species in the Baltic Sea, 2012-2016 128

Table 4.12 TAC use for most important Baltic species in 2012-2015 129

Table 4.13 MS fleet dependency on stocks subject to TACs in the Baltic Sea 129

Table 4.14 EU Baltic Sea fleet structure and economic performance of main Baltic Sea fishing segment in 2014 134

Table 4.15 Structure and economic performance estimates by MS fleets operating in the Baltic Sea region, 2014 135

Table 4.16 Structure and economic performance estimates by fishing activity for MS fleets in the Baltic Sea, 2014 135

Table 4.17 Structure and economic performance estimates by MS and fishing activity in the Baltic Sea, 2014 136

Table 4.18 Structure and economic performance estimates for the top 35 MS fleets in the Baltic Sea region, 2014 137

Table 4.19 TAC use for most important North Western waters (Northeast Atlantic) species, 2012-2015 141

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Table 4.20 MS fleet dependency on stocks subject to TACs in the Northeast Atlantic region 142

Table 4.21 Dependency on stocks subject to TACs in the Northeast Atlantic region by MS fleet segment 149

Table 4.22 Structure and economic performance estimates by MS fleets operating in the NE Atlantic, 2014 152

Table 4.23 Structure and economic performance estimates by fishing activity for MS fleets in the NE Atlantic, 2014 152

Table 4.24 Structure and economic performance estimates by MS and fishing activity in the NE Atlantic, 2014 153

Table 4.25 Structure and economic performance estimates for the top 35 MS fleets in the NE Atlantic, 2014 154

Table 4.26 Structure and economic performance estimates by MS fleets in the Med & Black Sea region, 2014 165

Table 4.27 Structure and economic performance estimates by main gear for MS fleets in the Med & Black Sea 165

Table 4.28 Structure and economic performance estimates by fishing activity in the Med & Black Sea region, 2014 165

Table 4.29 Structure and economic performance estimates by MS and fishing activity in the Med & Black Sea 166

Table 4.30 Structure and economic performance estimates for the top 35 MS fleets in the Med & Black Sea, 2014 167

Table 4.31 Dependency on stocks with TACs: Spanish distant-water purse seiners over 40 m in 2014. 180

Table 4.32 Spanish distant-water purse seiners over 40m: dependency on stocks subjected to TACs in 2014. 181

Table 4.33 Spanish distant-water demersal trawlers 24-40 m: dependency on stocks with TACs in 2014. 181

Table 4.34 Spanish distant-water longliners 24- 40m: dependency on stocks with TACs in 2014. 182

Table 4.35 French distant-water purse seiners over 40m: dependency on stocks with TACs in 2014. 183

Table 4.36 Portuguese distant-water longliners 24-40m: dependency on stocks with TACs in 2014. 185

Table 4.37 Portuguese distant-water longliners over 40m: dependency on stocks with TACs in 2014. 187

Table 4.38 EU OFR fleet structure and economic performance estimates by MS in 2014 188

Table 4.39 Structure and economic performance estimates by fishing activity and region in OFR, 2014 189

Table 4.40 Structure and economic performance estimates by gear type and region in OFR, 2014 190

Table 4.41 Structure and economic performance estimates by region and fleet segment - Other regions, 2014 191

Table 4.42 Structure and economic performance estimates by region and fleet segment - Northwest Atlantic, 2014 192

Table 4.43 Structure and economic performance estimates by region and fleet segment - Eastern Arctic, 2014 192

Table 4.44 Structure and economic performance estimates by region and fleet segment - EU Outermost regions 193

Table 4.45 Structure and economic performance estimates by region and fleet segment - non-EU Med Sea, 2014 194

Table 5.1 Belgium: National fleet statistics and economic performance results. 202

Table 5.2 Belgium: National fleet statistics and economic performance results based on fleet segment level data 203

Table 5.3 Belgium: National fleet statistics and economic performance results by fishing activity. 204

Table 5.4 Belgium: National fleet statistics and economic performance results by fleet segment. 205

Table 5.5 Belgium: Landed value, weight and average price of principal species. 205

Table 5.6 Bulgaria: National fleet statistics and economic performance results. 211

Table 5.7 Bulgaria: National fleet statistics and economic performance results by fishing activity. 212

Table 5.8 Bulgaria: National fleet statistics and economic performance results by fleet segment. 213

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Table 5.9 Bulgaria: Landed value, weight and average price of principal species. 213

Table 5.10 Croatia: National fleet statistics and economic performance results. Data for 2015 are projected. 219

Table 5.11 Croatia: National fleet statistics and economic performance results by fishing activity. 220

Table 5.12 Croatia: National fleet statistics and economic performance results by fleet segment. 221

Table 5.13 Croatia: Landed value, weight and average price of principal species. Data for 2015 are preliminary. 222

Table 5.14 Cyprus: National fleet statistics and economic performance results. Data for 2015 are projected. 227

Table 5.15 Cyprus: National fleet statistics and economic performance results by fishing activity. 228

Table 5.16 Cyprus: National fleet statistics and economic performance results by fleet segment. 229

Table 5.17 Cyprus: Landed value, weight and average price of principal species. 229

Table 5.18 Denmark: National fleet statistics and economic performance results. 235

Table 5.19 Denmark: National fleet statistics and economic performance results based on fleet segment level data. 236

Table 5.20 Denmark: National fleet statistics and economic performance results by fishing activity. 237

Table 5.21 Denmark: National fleet statistics and economic performance results by fleet segment. 238

Table 5.22 Denmark: Landed value, weight and average price of principal species. 239

Table 5.23 Estonia: National fleet statistics and economic performance results. 245

Table 5.24 Estonia: National fleet statistics and economic performance results based on fleet segment level data. 246

Table 5.25 Estonia: National fleet statistics and economic performance results by fishing activity. 247

Table 5.26 Estonia: National fleet statistics and economic performance results by fleet segment. 248

Table 5.27 Estonia: Landed value, weight and average price of principal species. 248

Table 5.28 Finland: National fleet statistics and economic performance results. 253

Table 5.29 Finland: National fleet statistics and economic performance results based on fleet segment level data. 254

Table 5.30 Finland: National fleet statistics and economic performance results by fishing activity. 255

Table 5.31 Finland: National fleet statistics and economic performance results by fleet segment. 256

Table 5.32 Finland: Landed value, weight and average price of principal species. 256

Table 5.33 France: National fleet statistics and economic performance results. 265

Table 5.34 France: National fleet statistics and economic performance results based on fleet segment level data. 266

Table 5.35 France: National fleet statistics and economic performance results by fishing activity. 267

Table 5.36 France: National fleet statistics and economic performance results by fleet segment. 268

Table 5.37 France: Landed value, weight and average price of principal species. 270

Table 5.38 Germany: National fleet statistics and economic performance results. 277

Table 5.39 Germany: National fleet statistics and economic performance results based on fleet segment level data. 278

Table 5.40 Germany: National fleet statistics and economic performance results by fishing activity. 279

Table 5.41 Germany: National fleet statistics and economic performance results by fleet segment. 280

Table 5.42 Germany: Landed value, weight and average price of principal species. 280

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Table 5.43 Ireland: National fleet statistics and economic performance results. 292

Table 5.44 Ireland: National fleet statistics and economic performance results based on fleet segment level data. 293

Table 5.45 Ireland: National fleet statistics and economic performance results by fishing activity. 294

Table 5.46 Ireland: National fleet statistics and economic performance results by fleet segment. 295

Table 5.47 Ireland: Landed value, weight and average price of principal species. 296

Table 5.48 Italy: National fleet statistics and economic performance results. Data for 2015 are projected. 303

Table 5.49 Italy: National fleet statistics and economic performance results by fishing activity. 304

Table 5.50 Italy: National fleet statistics and economic performance results by fleet segment. 305

Table 5.51 Italy: Landed value, weight and average price of principal species. 306

Table 5.52 Latvia: National fleet statistics and economic performance results. 313

Table 5.53 Latvia: National fleet statistics and economic performance results based on fleet segment level data. 314

Table 5.54 Latvia: National fleet statistics and economic performance results by fishing activity. 315

Table 5.55 Latvia: National fleet statistics and economic performance results by fleet segment. 316

Table 5.56 Latvia: Landed value, weight and average price of principal species. 316

Table 5.57 Lithuania: National fleet statistics and economic performance results. 323

Table 5.58 Lithuania: National fleet statistics and economic performance results based on fleet segment level data. 324

Table 5.59 Lithuania: National fleet statistics and economic performance results by fishing activity. 325

Table 5.60 Lithuania: National fleet statistics and economic performance results by fleet segment. 326

Table 5.61 Lithuania: Landed value, weight and average price of principal species. 326

Table 5.62 Malta: National fleet statistics and economic performance results. Data for 2015 are projected. 333

Table 5.63 Malta: National fleet statistics and economic performance results by fishing activity. 334

Table 5.64 Malta: National fleet statistics and economic performance results by fleet segment. 335

Table 5.65 Malta: Landed value, weight and average price of principal species. 336

Table 5.66 Netherlands: National fleet statistics and economic performance results. 343

Table 5.67 Lithuania: National fleet statistics and economic performance results based on fleet segment level data. 344

Table 5.68 Netherlands: National fleet statistics and economic performance results by fishing activity. 345

Table 5.69 Netherlands: National fleet statistics and economic performance results by fleet segment. 346

Table 5.70 Netherlands: Landed value, weight and average price of principal species. 346

Table 5.71 Poland: National fleet statistics and economic performance results. 352

Table 5.72 Poland: National fleet statistics and economic performance results based on fleet segment level data. 353

Table 5.73 Poland: National fleet statistics and economic performance results by fishing activity. 354

Table 5.74 Poland: National fleet statistics and economic performance results by fleet segment. 355

Table 5.75 Poland: Landed value, weight and average price of principal species. 355

Table 5.76 Portugal: National fleet statistics and economic performance results. 362

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Table 5.77 Portugal: National fleet statistics and economic performance results based on fleet segment level data. 363

Table 5.78 Portugal: National fleet statistics and economic performance results by fishing activity. 364

Table 5.79 Portugal: National fleet statistics and economic performance results by fleet segment. 365

Table 5.80 Portugal: Landed value, weight and average price of principal species. 367

Table 5.81 Romania: National fleet statistics and economic performance results. Data for 2015 are projected. 373

Table 5.82 Romania: National fleet statistics and economic performance results by fishing activity. 374

Table 5.83 Romania: National fleet statistics and economic performance results by fleet segment. 375

Table 5.84 Romania: Landed value, weight and average price of principal species. 375

Table 5.85 Slovenia: National fleet statistics and economic performance results. Data for 2015 are projected. 381

Table 5.86 Slovenia: National fleet statistics and economic performance results by fishing activity. 382

Table 5.87 Slovenia: National fleet statistics and economic performance results by fleet segment. 383

Table 5.88 Slovenia: Landed value, weight and average price of principal species. 383

Table 5.89 Spain: National fleet statistics and economic performance results. 394

Table 5.90 Spain: National fleet statistics and economic performance results based on fleet segment level data. 395

Table 5.91 Spain: National fleet statistics and economic performance results by fishing activity. 396

Table 5.92 Spain: National fleet statistics and economic performance results by fleet segment. 397

Table 5.93 Spain: Landed value, weight and average price of principal species. 399

Table 5.94 Sweden: National fleet statistics and economic performance results. 406

Table 5.95 Sweden: National fleet statistics and economic performance results based on fleet segment level data. 407

Table 5.96 Sweden: National fleet statistics and economic performance results by fishing activity. 408

Table 5.97 Sweden: National fleet statistics and economic performance results by fleet segment. 409

Table 5.98 Sweden: Landed value, weight and average price of principal species. 409

Table 5.99 UK: National fleet statistics and economic performance results by fishing activity. 415

Table 5.100 UK: National fleet statistics and economic performance results based on fleet segment level data. 416

Table 5.101 All monetary values have been adjusted for inflation to constant prices (2015). 417

Table 5.102 United Kingdom: National fleet statistics and economic performance results by fishing activity. 418

Table 5.103 United Kingdom: National fleet statistics and economic performance results by fleet segment. 419

Table 6.1 2015 DCF Fleet economic data call contents for years 2008-2014/15. 421

Table 6.2 Consumer price index by EU Member State 2008-2015 425

Table 6.3 Inflation and nominal LT interest rates by EU Member State 2008-2014 426

Table 6.4 Development trend classification 427

Table 6.5 Profitability classification 427

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 3.1 Left: EU total fleet capacity in number, engine power (kW) and gross tonnage; Right: Fleet capacity in number by active and inactive vessels (2008-2014). ................................................................................. 71

Figure 3.2 EU inactive fleet capacity by vessel length groups, 2014 ..................................................................... 71

Figure 3.3 Variations in fleet capacity for the EU fleet, active fleet and inactive vessels (based on 2008 = 100) ........ 72

Figure 3.4 Variation in fleet capacity for active vessels by length groups (based on 2008 = 100) ............................. 72

Figure 3.5 EU fleet capacity by main type of fishing activity, as a percentage of the EU fleet: 2014. ........................ 73

Figure 3.6 Trends on the EU fishing fleet capacity by main type of fishing activity: 2008-2015. ............................... 73

Figure 3.7 Left: EU fleet employment (in total employed and FTE) and right: variation in employment, 2008-2014.... 74

Figure 3.8 Left: average wage in the EU fleet and Right: variation in average wage 2008-2014. .............................. 74

Figure 3.9 Employment by fishing activity as a percentage of the EU fleet: 2014. .................................................. 74

Figure 3.10 Left: average wage per FTE by fishing activity and Right: variation in average wage per FTE, 2008-2014 75

Figure 3.11 Variation in effort and fuel consumption and costs for the period 2008-2014 ........................................ 75

Figure 3.12 Effort in days at sea (or fishing days if DAS are missing) by FAO fishing division (sub-region), highlighting areas contributing more than 2% to the total effort in 2014. ...................................................................... 76

Figure 3.13 Effort by fishing activity as a percentage of the EU fleet: 2014. .......................................................... 76

Figure 3.14 Effort in days at sea (or fishing days if DAS are missing) by FAO fishing division (sub-region) and main type of fishing activity, highlighting areas contributing more than 2% to the total effort in 2014. .................... 77

Figure 3.15 Left: Trends in landings in weight and value by the EU fleet and Right: variation in landings and average

price for the period 2008-2014 ............................................................................................................... 78

Figure 3.16 Landings in weight and value by MS: 2008-2014 .............................................................................. 78

Figure 3.17 Landings by the EU fleet by FAO fishing division (sub-region) in 2014 ................................................. 79

Figure 3.18 Trends of top ten species landed by the EU fleet in weight (top) and in value (bottom) in 2014. ............. 79

Figure 3.19 Average real price of the top species landed in terms of weight and/or value in 2014. ........................... 80

Figure 3.20 Variation in average price of the top species landed in terms of weight and/or value, 2008-2014 ........... 80

Figure 3.21 Landings by fishing activity as a percentage of the EU fleet: 2014. ..................................................... 81

Figure 3.22 Landings in weight by FAO fishing division (sub-region) and fishing activity in 2014 .............................. 81

Figure 3.23 Landings in value by FAO fishing division (sub-region) and fishing activity, highlighting areas contributing more than 2% to the total landings in value (right), in 2014 ....................................................................... 82

Figure 3.24 Trends in landings per unit of effort in weight (LPUE) and value (VPUE) for the EU fleet and by fishing operation: 2008-2014 ............................................................................................................................ 83

Figure 3.25 Trends in income (revenue = income from landings + other income) generated for the EU fleet: 2008 – 2014 ................................................................................................................................................... 83

Figure 3.26 Cost structure for the EU fleet in absolute terms (left) and as a % of revenue (right): 2008-2014 .......... 84

Figure 3.27 Trends in income (left) and costs (right): 2008-2014 ........................................................................ 84

Figure 3.28 Average (weighted) fuel prices (€/litre): 2008-2014 ......................................................................... 85

Figure 3.29 Cost items by fishing activity as a percentage of the EU fleet: 2014. ................................................... 85

Figure 3.30 Trends in revenue and cost structure by main type of fishing activity: 2008 – 2014 .............................. 86

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Figure 3.31 Trends in EU fleet economic performance indicators: 2008-2014 ........................................................ 87

Figure 3.32 Variations in EU fleet economic performance indicators: 2008-2014 .................................................... 87

Figure 3.33 Economic performance by fishing activity as a proportion of the EU fleet: 2014. ................................... 87

Figure 3.34 Trends in fleet economic performance indicators for the EU SSF: 2008-2014 ....................................... 88

Figure 3.35 Trends in fleet economic performance indicators for the EU LSF: 2008-2014 ........................................ 88

Figure 3.36 Trends in fleet economic performance indicators for the EU DWF: 2008-2014 ...................................... 88

Figure 3.37 Trends in labour (GVA per FTE) and capital productivity (RoFTA) for the EU fleet: 2008 – 2014 .............. 89

Figure 3.38 Trends in labour and capital productivity for the EU fleet by fishing activity: 2008 – 2014 ..................... 90

Figure 3.39 Trends in fuel use, measured as income from landings per fuel cost (fuel efficiency) and litres of fuel consumed per tonne landed (fuel intensity) for the EU fleet and by main fishing activity 2008-2014. ............... 90

Figure 3.40 Trends in fuel use measured as litres of fuel consumed per € landed by main fishing activity 2008-2014. 91

Figure 4.1 Regional map, highlighting the North Sea MS fleets and FAO fishing areas. ......................................... 111

Figure 4.2 Value of landings, landings in weight and MS fleet dependency of the North Sea, 2014. ........................ 111

Figure 4.3 Landings in weight and value for MS fleets operating in the North Sea region for the period 2010-2014. . 112

Figure 4.4 Trends in Revenue (landings income and other income) and GVA by MS fleets operating in the North Sea fleet 2010-2014. ................................................................................................................................. 112

Figure 4.5 TACs for major pelagic species (left) and demersal species in the North Sea. ....................................... 113

Figure 4.6 North Sea fleet capacity, effort and landings by MS: 2014. ................................................................ 115

Figure 4.7 North Sea fleet capacity, effort and landings by main type of fishing activity: 2014. ............................. 116

Figure 4.8 Schematic representation of the share of effort (in days at sea, %) deployed by the various MS fleet components operating in the North Sea region, including six of the most important segments ...................... 116

Figure 4.9 List of the top 10 species in terms of value of MS fleets operating in the North Sea in 2014. .................. 116

Figure 4.10 Schematic representation of the amount of fuel consumed per landed weight (litre/tonne) by the various MS fleet components operating in the North Sea, including six most important segments ............................. 117

Figure 4.11 Schematic representation of the ratio fuel costs to landed value (%) for the various MS fleet components operating in the North Sea, including six most important segments ........................................................... 117

Figure 4.12 Schematic representation of the amount of gross profit generated per day at sea (€/day) by the various MS fleet components operating in the North Sea, including six most important segments ............................. 118

Figure 4.13 Regional map, highlighting the FAO fishing areas in the Baltic Sea. ................................................... 126

Figure 4.14 Value of landings, landings in weight and MS fleet dependency on the Baltic Sea, 2014. ...................... 126

Figure 4.15 Landings, in weight and value, by Baltic Sea MS fleet over the period 2008-2014. .............................. 127

Figure 4.16 Trends in revenue and GVA by MS fleets operating in the Baltic Sea region over the period 2008-2014. 127

Figure 4.17 TACs for the three most important species in the Baltic Sea region, 2012-2014. ................................. 128

Figure 4.18 Share of capacity, effort and landings by main MS fleets operating in the Baltic Sea region, 2014......... 130

Figure 4.19 Share of capacity, effort and landings by fishing activity for MS fleets operating in the Baltic Sea, 2014. 131

Figure 4.20 Top 10 species in terms of weight and value landed for MS fleets operating in the Baltic Sea, 2014 ...... 131

Figure 4.21 Schematic representation of the share of effort (in days at sea, %) deployed by the various MS fleet components operating in the Baltic Sea, including six of the most important segments ................................ 131

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Figure 4.22 Schematic representation of landings weight (and value) per unit of effort in the Baltic Sea including six most important segments .................................................................................................................... 132

Figure 4.23 Schematic representation of the amount of fuel consumed per landed weight (tonnes/litre) by the various MS fleet components operating in the Baltic Sea, including six most important segments ............................. 132

Figure 4.24 Regional map, highlighting the FAO fishing areas in the Northeast Atlantic region. .............................. 138

Figure 4.25 Importance of the Northeast Atlantic region for MS fisheries in terms of landings, 2014. ..................... 138

Figure 4.26 Atlantic region over the period 2008-2014. .................................................................................... 139

Figure 4.27 Landings, in weight and value, by MS fleets in the NE Atlantic region over the period 2010-2014. ........ 139

Figure 4.28 Trends in revenue and GVA for MS fleets operating in the Northeast Atlantic, 2010-2014. ................... 139

Figure 4.29 TAC trends for major demersal and pelagic stocks in the North-western waters, 2001-2015. ............... 141

Figure 4.30 TAC trends for major demersal and pelagic stocks in the South-western waters, 2001-2015. ............... 141

Figure 4.31 Share of capacity, effort and landings by MS fleets operating in the NE Atlantic region, 2014 ............... 143

Figure 4.32 Share of capacity, effort and landings for MS fleets by main type of fishing activity operating in the NE Atlantic region, 2014 ........................................................................................................................... 144

Figure 4.33 Top 10 species in terms of weight and value landed for MS fleets operating in the NE Atlantic, 2014 ..... 144

Figure 4.34 Top species landed in terms value as a proportion of the total landings in the region by MS fleets operating in the NE Atlantic, 2014 ....................................................................................................................... 145

Figure 4.35 Schematic representation of the ratio fuel costs to landed value (%) for the various MS fleet components operating in the Northeast Atlantic region, including six most important segments ...................................... 145

Figure 4.36 Schematic representation of the amount of gross profit generated per day at sea (€/day) by the various MS fleet components operating in the Northeast Atlantic region, including six most important segments. ....... 146

Figure 4.37 Top 7 species landed in terms of value as a proportion of the total landings in the region by MS small-scale fleets operating in the NE Atlantic, 2014 ................................................................................................ 148

Figure 4.38 Regional map, highlighting fishing areas by GSA in the Mediterranean & Black Sea. ............................ 155

Figure 4.39 Regional map, highlighting MS fleets operating in the Mediterranean & Black Sea ............................... 155

Figure 4.40 Trends in effort (days at sea) and landings (in weight) for the main MS fleets operating in the in the Mediterranean & Black Sea region ......................................................................................................... 156

Figure 4.41 Landings, in weight and value, by MS fleets operating in the Mediterranean & Black seas over the period 2010-2014. ........................................................................................................................................ 156

Figure 4.42Trends in Revenue (landings income and other income) and GVA by MS fleets operating in the in the Mediterranean & Black Sea region over the period 2010-2014 .................................................................. 156

Figure 4.43 Importance of the Mediterranean & Black seas for Member States’ fisheries in terms of landings in weight and value, 2014. ................................................................................................................................. 158

Figure 4.44 Share of capacity, effort and landings by main MS fleets operating in the in the Mediterranean & Black Sea region, 2014 ....................................................................................................................................... 159

Figure 4.45 Schematic representation of the share of effort (in days at sea, %) deployed by the various MS fleet components operating in the Mediterranean and Black seas, including six of the most important segments .... 159

Figure 4.46 List of the top 10 species in terms of weight and value landed for MS fleets operating in the Mediterranean & Black Sea, 2014 ............................................................................................................................... 159

Figure 4.47 Schematic representation of the amount of fuel consumed per landed weight (litres/tonne) by the various MS fleet components operating in the Mediterranean &Black seas, including six most important segments ..... 160

Figure 4.48 Schematic representation of the ratio fuel costs to landed value (%) for the various MS fleet components

operating in the Mediterranean &Black seas, including six most important segments ................................... 160

17

Figure 4.49 Schematic representation of the amount of gross profit generated per day at sea (€/day) by the various MS fleet components operating in the Mediterranean & Black seas, including six most important segments .... 161

Figure 4.50 Map, highlighting FAO fishing areas in Other Fishing Regions exploited by EU fishing fleets in 2014. ..... 168

Figure 4.51 Evolution of landing weight, landing value and 2014 value share by supra region ............................... 169

Figure 4.52 Estimated cost of SFPAs annually. ................................................................................................ 169

Figure 4.53 Importance of the Other Fishing Regions for MS fisheries in terms of landed weight and value, 2014. ... 170

Figure 4.54 Biomass, Fishing Mortality (F) and Environmental Impact ratings for 23 tuna stocks ........................... 171

Figure 4.55 Landings weight and value by the EU distant water fleet by region (top and middle) in Other Fishing Regions and landing value by Member State (bottom), 2014 .................................................................... 172

Figure 4.56 Landing weight, landings value and share of value in 2014 by MS for each sub-region of OFR .............. 173

Figure 4.57 List of the top 10 species in terms of weight and value of MS fleets operating in the OFR in 2014 with evolution of species landing weight and value from 2008-2014. ................................................................ 174

Figure 4.58 Value and weight of landings by MS, generated by distant water fleet in OFR in 2012-2014 ................ 174

Figure 4.59 List of the top 10 species in terms of weight and value by MS fleets operating in the Eastern Arctic region in 2014 and evolution of species landings and value. ............................................................................... 175

Figure 4.60 List of the top 10 species in terms of weight and value by MS fleets operating in the NW Atlantic region in 2014 and evolution of species landings and value. ................................................................................... 175

Figure 4.61 List of the top 10 species in terms of weight and value by MS fleets operating in the EU outermost regions in 2014 and evolution of species landings and value. ............................................................................... 176

Figure 4.62 Proportion of the top 4 species in terms of weight and value landed by MS fleets operating in the Other regions, 2013 ..................................................................................................................................... 177

Figure 4.63 Breakdown of Other Regions landings weight and value by sub-region 2008-2014 .............................. 177

Figure 4.64 Landings value by species and MS for Southwest Atlantic sub-region of ‘Other Regions’, including costs of sustainable fisheries partnerships agreements, 2008-2014 ....................................................................... 177

Figure 4.65 Landings value by species and MS for Indian Ocean West sub-region of ‘Other Regions’, including costs of sustainable fisheries partnerships agreements, 2008-2014 ....................................................................... 178

Figure 4.66 Landings value by species and MS for West Africa sub-region of ‘Other Regions’, including costs of sustainable fisheries partnerships agreements, 2008-2014 ....................................................................... 178

Figure 4.67 Landings value by species and MS for Southwest Africa sub-region of ‘Other Regions’, including costs of sustainable fisheries partnerships agreements, 2008-2014 ....................................................................... 179

Figure 4.68 Activity range of the Spanish distant-water purse seiners (OFR PS40XX) in 2014. .............................. 179

Figure 4.69 Landings value and share of landing in 2014 by sub-region for ESP OFR PS40XX ................................ 180

Figure 4.70 Activity range of the Spanish distant-water demersal trawlers over 40m (OFR DTS40XX) in 2014......... 180

Figure 4.71 Landings value and share of landing in 2014 by sub-region for ESP OFR DTS40XX .............................. 181

Figure 4.72 Activity range of the Spanish distant-water demersal trawlers 24-40m (OFR DTS 24-40) in 2014. ........ 181

Figure 4.73 Landings value and share of landing in 2014 by sub-region for ESP OFR DTS 2440 ............................. 182

Figure 4.74 Activity range of the Spanish distant-water mid-sized longliners (OFR HOK24-40) in 2014.. ................. 182

Figure 4.75 Landings value and share of landing in 2014 by sub-region for ESP OFR HOK2440 & ESP OFR PGO2440 183

Figure 4.76 Activity range of the French distant-water purse seiners over 40m (OFR PS40XX) in 2014. Circle size indicates the importance of the fishing region in terms of landed weight. ................................................... 183

Figure 4.77 Landings value and share of landing in 2014 by sub-region for FRA OFR PS40XX ................................ 184

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Figure 4.78 Landings value and share of landing in 2014 by sub-region for LTU OFR TM40XX ............................... 184

Figure 4.79 Activity range of the Portuguese distant-water longliners 24-40m (OFR HOK 24-40) in 2014. .............. 185

Figure 4.80 Landings value and share of landing in 2014 by sub-region for PRT OFR HOK2440 (IWE, P2 & NGI) ...... 186

Figure 4.81 Landings value and share of landing in 2014 by sub-region for PRT OFR DTS2440 IWE ....................... 186

Figure 4.82 Activity range of the Portuguese distant-water longliners over 40m (OFR HOK40XX) in 2014. .............. 186

Figure 4.83 Landings value and share of landing in 2014 by sub-region for PRT OFR HOK40XX IWE ....................... 187

Figure 4.84 Landings value and share of landing in 2014 by sub-region for NLD A27 TM40XX ............................... 187

Figure 5.1 Belgium: Main trends in economic performance indicators (absolute value, panel 1a/top left and relative value, panel 1b/top right); cost structure (panel 2a); productivity (panel 2b); key input/outputs (panel 3a); efficiency (panel 3b); landings (panel 4a); average price of top species (panel 4b)...................................... 201

Figure 5.2 Bulgaria: Main trends in economic performance indicators (absolute value, panel 1a/top left and relative value, panel 1b/top right); cost structure (panel 2a); productivity (panel 2b); key input/outputs (panel 3a); efficiency (panel 3b); landings (panel 4a); average price of top species (panel 4b)...................................... 210

Figure 5.3 Croatia: Main trends in economic performance indicators (absolute value, panel 1a/top left and relative value, panel 1b/top right); cost structure (panel 2a); productivity (panel 2b); key input/outputs (panel 3a); efficiency (panel 3b); landings (panel 4a); average price of top species (panel 4b)...................................... 218

Figure 5.4 Cyprus: Main trends in economic performance indicators (absolute value, panel 1a/top left and relative value, panel 1b/top right); cost structure (panel 2a); productivity (panel 2b); key input/outputs (panel 3a); efficiency (panel 3b); landings (panel 4a); average price of top species (panel 4b)...................................... 226

Figure 5.5 Denmark: Main trends in economic performance indicators (absolute value, panel 1a/top left and relative value, panel 1b/top right); cost structure (panel 2a); productivity (panel 2b); key input/outputs (panel 3a); efficiency (panel 3b); landings (panel 4a); average price of top species (panel 4b)...................................... 234

Figure 5.6 Estonia: Main trends in economic performance indicators (absolute value, panel 1a/top left and relative value, panel 1b/top right); cost structure (panel 2a); productivity (panel 2b); key input/outputs (panel 3a); efficiency (panel 3b); landings (panel 4a); average price of top species (panel 4b)...................................... 244

Figure 5.7 Finland: Main trends in economic performance indicators (absolute value, panel 1a/top left and relative value, panel 1b/top right); cost structure (panel 2a); productivity (panel 2b); key input/outputs (panel 3a); efficiency (panel 3b); landings (panel 4a); average price of top species (panel 4b)...................................... 252

Figure 5.8 France: Main trends in economic performance indicators (absolute value, panel 1a/top left and relative value, panel 1b/top right); cost structure (panel 2a); productivity (panel 2b); key input/outputs (panel 3a); efficiency (panel 3b); landings (panel 4a); average price of top species (panel 4b)...................................... 264

Figure 5.9 Germany: Main trends in economic performance indicators (absolute value, panel 1a/top left and relative value, panel 1b/top right); cost structure (panel 2a); productivity (panel 2b); key input/outputs (panel 3a); efficiency (panel 3b); landings (panel 4a); average price of top species (panel 4b)...................................... 276

Figure 5.10 Ireland: Main trends in economic performance indicators (absolute value, panel 1a/top left and relative value, panel 1b/top right); cost structure (panel 2a); productivity (panel 2b); key input/outputs (panel 3a); efficiency (panel 3b); landings (panel 4a); average price of top species (panel 4b)...................................... 291

Figure 5.11 Italy: Main trends in economic performance indicators (absolute value, panel 1a/top left and relative value, panel 1b/top right); cost structure (panel 2a); productivity (panel 2b); key input/outputs (panel 3a); efficiency (panel 3b); landings (panel 4a); average price of top species (panel 4b)...................................... 302

Figure 5.12 Latvia: Main trends in economic performance indicators (absolute value, panel 1a/top left and relative value, panel 1b/top right); cost structure (panel 2a); productivity (panel 2b); key input/outputs (panel 3a);

efficiency (panel 3b); landings (panel 4a); average price of top species (panel 4b)...................................... 312

Figure 5.13: Main trends in economic performance indicators (absolute value, panel 1a/top left and relative value, panel 1b/top right); cost structure (panel 2a); productivity (panel 2b); key input/outputs (panel 3a); efficiency (panel 3b); landings (panel 4a); average price of top species (panel 4b). ................................................... 322

Figure 5.14 Malta: Main trends in economic performance indicators (absolute value, panel 1a/top left and relative value, panel 1b/top right); cost structure (panel 2a); productivity (panel 2b); key input/outputs (panel 3a); efficiency (panel 3b); landings (panel 4a); average price of top species (panel 4b)...................................... 332

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Figure 5.15 Netherlands: Main trends in economic performance indicators (absolute value, panel 1a/top left and relative value, panel 1b/top right); cost structure (panel 2a); productivity (panel 2b); key input/outputs (panel 3a); efficiency (panel 3b); landings (panel 4a); average price of top species (panel 4b). .............................. 342

Figure 5.16 Poland: Main trends in economic performance indicators (absolute value, panel 1a/top left and relative value, panel 1b/top right); cost structure (panel 2a); productivity (panel 2b); key input/outputs (panel 3a); efficiency (panel 3b); landings (panel 4a); average price of top species (panel 4b)...................................... 351

Figure 5.17 Portugal: Main trends in economic performance indicators (absolute value, panel 1a/top left and relative value, panel 1b/top right); cost structure (panel 2a); productivity (panel 2b); key input/outputs (panel 3a); efficiency (panel 3b); landings (panel 4a); average price of top species (panel 4b)...................................... 361

Figure 5.18 Romania: Main trends in economic performance indicators (absolute value, panel 1a/top left and relative value, panel 1b/top right); cost structure (panel 2a); productivity (panel 2b); key input/outputs (panel 3a); efficiency (panel 3b); landings (panel 4a); average price of top species (panel 4b)...................................... 372

Figure 5.19 Slovenia: Main trends in economic performance indicators (absolute value, panel 1a/top left and relative value, panel 1b/top right); cost structure (panel 2a); productivity (panel 2b); key input/outputs (panel 3a); efficiency (panel 3b); landings (panel 4a); average price of top species (panel 4b)...................................... 380

Figure 5.20 Spain: Main trends in economic performance indicators (absolute value, panel 1a/top left and relative value, panel 1b/top right); cost structure (panel 2a); productivity (panel 2b); key input/outputs (panel 3a); efficiency (panel 3b); landings (panel 4a); average price of top species (panel 4b)...................................... 393

Figure 5.21 Sweden: Main trends in economic performance indicators (absolute value, panel 1a/top left and relative value, panel 1b/top right); cost structure (panel 2a); productivity (panel 2b); key input/outputs (panel 3a); efficiency (panel 3b); landings (panel 4a); average price of top species (panel 4b)...................................... 405

Figure 5.22 United Kingdom: Main trends in economic performance indicators (absolute value, panel 1a – top left and relative value, panel 1b – top right); cost structure (panel 2a); productivity (panel 2b); key input/outputs (panel 3a); efficiency (panel 3b); landings (panel 4a); average price of top species (panel 4b). .............................. 414

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European Commission

EUR XXXXXX EN – Joint Research Centre – Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen

Title: Reports of the Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries. Annual Economic Report on the EU Fishing Fleet (STECF-

16-11).

Authors:

STECF members:

Ulrich, C., Abella, J. A., Andersen, J., Arrizabalaga, H., Bailey, N., Bertignac, M., Borges, L., Cardinale, M., Catchpole, T., Curtis, H., Daskalov,

G., Döring, R., Gascuel, D., Knittweis, L., Malvarosa, L., Martin, P., Motova, A., Murua, H., Nord, J., Pastoors, M., Paulrud, A., Prellezo, R.,

Raid, T., Sabatella, E., Sala, A., Scarcella, G., Soldo, A., Somarakis, S., Stransky, C., van Hoof, L., Vanhee, W., Vrgoc, N.

EWG-16-03 and 16-07 members:

Natacha Carvalho; Michael Keatinge; Jordi Guillen; Paolo ACCADIA; Marianne AQUILINA; Edo AVDIC MRAVLJE; Jörg BERKENHAGEN; Griffin CARPENTER; Richard CURTIN; Irina DAVIDJUKA; Helena Maria GALRITO; Monica GAMBINO; Vilda GRIUNIENE; Emmet JACKSON; Armelle JUNG; Edvardas KAZLAUSKAS; Michael KEATINGE; Bernard KORMAN; Steve LAWRENCE; Janek LEES;Sophie LEONARDI; Loretta MALVAROSA; Carmen MARTIN FRANCO; Marin MIHANOVIC; Arina MOTOVA; Carlos MOURA; Philip RODGERS; Rosaria SABATELLA; Arnaud SOUFFEZ; Lisa STAHL; Mike TURENHOUT; Irene TZOURAMANI; Katrien VERLÉ; Jarno VIRTANEN; Ivana VUKOV; Kolyo ZHELEV

Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union

2016 – 470 pp. – 21 x 29.7 cm

EUR – Scientific and Technical Research series – 1831-9424

ISSN 2467-0715 (online)

ISBN XXXXXXXXXXXXX

doi:XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

472

ISBN xxx-xx-xx-xxxxx-x

doi:xx.xxxx/xxxxx

XX

-NA

-xxxxx-EN

-N

JRC Mission

As the science and knowledge service of the European Commission, the Joint Research Centre’s mission is to support EU policies with independent, evidence throughout the whole policy cycle.

STECF

The Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries (STECF) has been established by the European Commission. The STECF is being consulted at regular intervals on matters pertaining to the conservation and management of living aquatic resources, including biological, economic, environmental, social and technical considerations.