THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOCAL … · Arga Maulana Pasanrangi, Moch. Ricky Ramadhan, Moh. Caesario Nugroho, Ashabul Kahfi Susanto..... SOCIAL DIMENSIONS OF CULTURE IN THE

PROCEEDINGSTHE 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE

ON LOCAL LANGUAGES

EMPOWERMENT AND PRESERVATION OF LOCAL LANGUAGES

EditorsI Nengah Sudipa

Ida Bagus Putra YadnyaMade Budiarsa

I Nyoman Darma Putra

Udayana UniversityDenpasar, 23—24 February 2018

“Empowerment and Preservation of Local Languages”

Proceedings The 1st International Seminar on Local Languages

Copyright © 2018All rights reserved

EditorsI Nengah Sudipa

Ida Bagus Putra YadnyaMade Budiarsa

I Nyoman Darma Putra

Cover DesignEspistula Communications Bali

Cover PhotoBalinese Offering Cake “Sarad” by Arba Wirawan

“Baligrafi” (2016) by I Nyoman Gunarsa, made for Jurnal Kajian Bali (Journal of Bali Studies)

Layout Made Henra Dwikarmawan Sudipa

PublisherUdayana University Press

Organized byMasters and Doctoral Programs of Linguistics

Faculty of Arts, Udayana University

in collaboration withLocal Languages Researcher Association

ISBN: 978-602-294-262-7

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TABLE LIST OF CONTENT

Preface .............................................................................................................................Message from the Dean of Faculty of Arts, Udayana University .....................................Message from The Rector of Udayana University ...........................................................Table List of Content ........................................................................................................

KEYNOTE SPEAKER“HONORIFICS” IN THE USAGE OF PERSONAL PRONOUNS AND TERMS OF ADDRESS IN THE BALI AGA DIALECTHara Mayuko ...................................................................................................................

INVITED SPEAKERTOPONYMY AS A CULTURAL RESOURCE AND STRENGTHENING OF IDENTITY: A CASE STUDY ON SUNDANESE COMMUNITY IN SOUTHERN PART OF WEST JAVACece Sobarna ...................................................................................................................

MEDIUM OF MODERNITY: BALINESE LANGUAGE IN THE CONTEMPORARY LITERARY LANDSCAPEI Nyoman Darma Putra....................................................................................................

EMPOWERING PROPOSITIONS OF WISDOM IN PRESERVATION OF LOCAL LANGUAGESF.X. Rahyono ....................................................................................................................

THE STRUCTURE OF RESULTATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS IN BALINESEI Nyoman Sedeng ............................................................................................................

PRESENTERDISTRIBUTION OF BAJO LANGUAGE FONOLOGY IN BAJO ISLAND DISTRICT SAPE DISTRICT BIMA NUSA TENGGARA BARATAditya Wardhani ..............................................................................................................

THE VERB ‘CARRY’ IN BIAK LANGUAGE: A NATURAL SEMANTIC METALANGUAGE ANALYSISAdolfina Krisifu ................................................................................................................

“CAK CUK SURABAYA”: STRATEGY OF STRENGTHENING SURABAYA’S IDENTITYAkhmad Idris, Iga Bagus Lesmana ...................................................................................

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BALINESE LANGUAGE MAINTENANCE BY YOUNG GENERATION WHO COMES WORSHIPING TO JAGATNATHA TEMPLE WHILE OFFERING CANANGAnak Agung Putri Laksmi Dewi, Ni Wayan Manik Septianiari Putri .................................

BALINESE LANGUAGE TEACHING LEARNING PROCESS AT ONE EARTH SCHOOL BALI INDONESIAAnak Agung Sagung Shanti Sari Dewi ..............................................................................

MEANING OF VERB “LOOKING” IN BALINESE LANGUAGE: AN APRROACH OF NATURAL SEMANTICS METALANGUAGEAnak Agung Sagung Wid Parbandari ...............................................................................

THE FIRST STEP IS ALWAYS DIFFICULT: THE REVITALIZATION OF KUI LANGUAGE IN SCHOOLSAnggy Denok Sukmawati .................................................................................................

PHONOLOGICAL VARIATION AND LINGUISTIC MAPPING IN GRESIK: A STUDY OF GEOGRAPHICAL DIALECTAnis Zubaidah Assuroiyah, Namira Choirani Fajri ............................................................

THE PHONOLOGICAL PROCESS AND RULE OF JAVANESE COASTAL LANGUAGE: GENERATIVE PHONOLOGY APPROACHApriyani Purwaningsih .....................................................................................................

THE ROLE OF BISSU IN MATTOMPANG ARAJANG AS TRADITIONAL CULTURE AND KNOWLEDGE PRESERVATION OF BUGINESE IN BONEArga Maulana Pasanrangi, Moch. Ricky Ramadhan, Moh. Caesario Nugroho, Ashabul Kahfi Susanto ...................................................................................................................

SOCIAL DIMENSIONS OF CULTURE IN THE JAVANESE FOLKLORE AS A SOURCE OF CULTURAL EDUCATION AND IDENTITY FOSTERING ON ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTSBarokah Widuroyekti, Titik Setyowati .............................................................................

COMPARING THE LEVEL OF BALINESE LANGUAGE ACQUISITION USING THE VOCABULARY LEVEL TESTDenok Lestari, I Wayan Suadnyana ..................................................................................

THE SOCIO-CULTURAL DIMENSIONS OF BALINESE VOCABULARY IN THE INDONESIAN COMPREHENSIVE DICTIONARYDeny Arnos Kwary, Ni Wayan Sartini, Almira Fidela Artha ...............................................

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YOUTH MOVEMENT: A STRATEGY TO PRESERVE LOCAL LANGUAGESDesak Gede Chandra Widayanthi....................................................................................

THE USE OF BALINESE IN ADVERTISEMENTS AS AN EFFORT OF PRESERVING LOCAL LANGUAGEDesak Putu Eka Pratiwi, I Komang Sulatra, Komang Dian Puspita Candra ......................

PERSONAL PRONOUNS IN PONTIANAK MALAYDewi Ismu Purwaningsih ................................................................................................

UTILIZATION OF PICTORIAL ILLUSTRATION FOR KOMERING-INDONESIAN DICTIONARYDita Dewi Palupi ..............................................................................................................

SUNDANESE CULTURE AND LANGUAGE IN MANAQIB ACTIVITIES BY JAMAAH PESANTREN SURYALAYA-TASIKMALAYADjarlis Gunawan ..............................................................................................................

THE KNOWLEDGE CREATION PROCESS OF TAMBO IN MINANGKABAUFebriyanto, Tamara Adriani Salim

INNOVATION IN CENK BLONK PERFORMANCE: A STRATEGY OF EMPOWERING LOCAL LANGUAGE THROUGH BALINESE SHADOW PUPPETGede Yoga Kharisma Pradana .........................................................................................

ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE IN SONG LYRICS SETARA BETARA (SAME AS GOD) AND GUNUNG NENTEN TONG SAMPAH (MOUNTAIN IS NOT A RUBBISH BIN) BY SEVEN CEBLOCKGusti Agung Ayu Kesuma Wardhani ................................................................................

THE USE OF WORD “WATER” IN INDONESIAN AND BALINESE PROVERBS: AN APPROACH OF SEMANTICS COGNITIVEI Gde Pasek Kamajaya, Ni Made Bulan Dwigitta Prativi ..................................................

INTEGRATION OF CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES IN BALINESE SHORT STORY “KUTANG SAYANG GEMEL MADUI”I Gde Nyana Kesuma ......................................................................................................

BALINESE COMICS: AN EFFORT TO SUSTAIN AND ENFORCE THE BALINESE LANGUAGE AMONG CHILDREN IN BALII Gede Gita Purnama A.P. ...............................................................................................

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LOANWORD PHONOLOGY IN TRANSLATING BALINESE CULTURAL TERMS INTO JAPANESE WITH REFERENCE TO JTB PUBLISHING BOOK ON BALI ISLANDI Gede Oeinada ...............................................................................................................

KARMAPHALA IN AKUTAGAWA RYUNOSUKE’S SHORT STORY ENTITLED HELL SCREENI Gusti Agung Ayu Made Dianti Putri ..............................................................................

HIDDEN MESSAGE IN SIAP SELEMI Gusti Ayu Gde Sosiowati, I Made Rajeg.........................................................................

EMPOWERING LOCAL BALINESE TERMS TO INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY WITH DESCRIPTIVE UNDERSTANDINGI Gusti Ngurah Parthama .................................................................................................

THE SYNTACTIC BEHAVIOR OF PERSONAL PRONOUN IN NUSA PENIDA DIALECTI Ketut Darma Laksana ....................................................................................................

INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA AS NEW BALINESE LANGUAGE LEARNING FOR ELEMENTARY STUDENTSI Ketut Setiawan, I Nyoman Jayanegara ..........................................................................

THE APPLICATION OF METAFUNCTIONS IN BALINESE LANGUAGE OF SATUA BALI “I BELOG”I Ketut Suardana ..............................................................................................................

EXPLORING THE SOCIAL RULES BEHIND THE USE OF BALINESE COURTEOUS EXPRESSIONS: A SOCIAL APPROACHI Ketut Warta ...................................................................................................................

A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF MORPHOPHONEMIC PROCESSES OF THE BALINESE DIALECT OF NUSA PENIDAI Nyoman Adi Jaya Putra .................................................................................................

MOTIVATION STRENGTHENING IDENTITY THROUGH BALINESE SCRIPT IN TATTOO MEDIAI Nyoman Anom Fajaraditya Setiawan, Putu Satria Udyana Putra .................................

MARATHI LOCATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS: A PRELIMINARY STUDYI Nyoman Aryawibawa ....................................................................................................

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THE LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPE OF BALI: THE CASE OF THE TRADITIONAL YOUTH ORGANIZATIONS OF SEKEHA TERUNAI Nyoman Tri Ediwan .......................................................................................................

AN ECOLINGUISTIC PERSPECTIVE REGARDING TOPONYMS IN GIANYAR SUB-DISTRICT, BALII Putu Gede Hendra Raharja ...........................................................................................

AN ANALYSIS OF DERIVATIONAL AND INFLECTIONAL MORPHEME IN NUSA PENIDA DIALECTI Wayan Agus Anggayana, I Ketut Mantra .......................................................................

INDONESIAN DEFAMATION CASES UNDER POLICE INVESTIGATION: A FORENSIC LINGUISTICS STUDYI Wayan Pastika ...............................................................................................................

SYNCHRONIC GRAMMATICALIZATION AS FOUND IN THE BALINESE SERIAL VERBSI Wayan Sidha Karya .......................................................................................................

VERBAL ABUSE OF CURSING IN BALINESE MYTHSI Wayan Simpen, Ni Made Dhanawaty ...........................................................................

THE SEMANTIC STRUCTURES OF DOING TYPES OF ACTION VERBS IN BALINESE LANGUAGEIda Ayu Agung Ekasriadi ..................................................................................................

THE EQUIVALENCE OF BALINESE FIGURATIVE EXPRESSIONS INTO ENGLISHIda Ayu Made Puspani, Yana Qomariana ........................................................................

STRATIFICATION PERSPECTIVE OF CATUR WANGSA IN TUTUR CANDRA BHERAWA: A STUDY OF SOCIOLOGY OF LITERATUREIda Bagus Made Wisnu Parta ..........................................................................................

RESHAPING THE PARADIGMN OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING TO HARMONIZE LOCAL LANGUAGE MAINTENANCEIda Bagus Putra Yadnya ..................................................................................................

WAYANG FOR THE PRESERVATION OF JAVANESE LANGUAGE AND CULTURE AN ANALYSIS OF MAHABHARATA EPISODE’S GATUTKACA GUGUR (THE FALL OF GATUTKACA)Indrawati, Sri Samiati Tarjana, Joko Nurkamto ...............................................................

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RELATIONSHIP OF SASAK AND SAMAWA LANGUAGES: DIACHRONIC STUDY IN THE LANGUAGE KINDSHIP OF AN ETHNIC GROUP IN INDONESIAIrma Setiawan .................................................................................................................

PHONOLOGICAL INTERFERENCE OF BUGINESE INTO INDONESIAN BY BUGIS SPEAKERS IN CENTRAL SULAWESI (A TRANSFORMATIONAL-GENERATIVE PHONOLOGY STUDY)Jaya ................................................................................................................................. STYLISTIC-GRAMMATICAL CONSTRUCTIONS AND CULTURAL-MEANINGS IN MINANGKABAUNESEJufrizal .............................................................................................................................

LEARNING STRATEGY OF BALINESE LANGUAGES BY USING CONTENT IN NEW MEDIA Kadek Ayu Ariningsih, I Nyoman Widhi Adnyana ...........................................................

BALINESE CULTURAL TERMS IN ENGLISH MEDIA TOURISM PROMOTION PUBLISHED BY DENPASAR TOURISM OFFICEKadek Ayu Ekasani, Ni Luh Supartini ..............................................................................

THE EXISTENCE OF BALINESE LANGUAGE IN TRANSMIGRATION AREA OF LAMPUNG PROVINCEKadek Feni Aryati, I Putu Agus Endra Susanta ...............................................................

ENRICHING AND NOT SIMPLY COMPETING: BALINESE LANGUAGE IN CONVERSATIONAL INTERACTION IN BALIKadek Ratih Dwi Oktarini ................................................................................................

REDUPLICATION PROCESS OF BALINESE LANGUAGE IN MEN BRAYUT STORYKetut Riana, Putu Evi Wahyu Citrawati, Gede Eka Wahyu ..............................................

CONSERVATIVE OR PROGRESSIVE (THE EXISTENCE OF JAVANESE LANGUAGE)Krisna Pebryawan ...........................................................................................................

HUMOR IN DOU MAMPINGA SA UMA-UMA ON MPAMA MBOJO: A RESEARCH OF PSYCHOLOGY LITERATURE AND ANECDOTAL TEXT OF INDONESIAN LEARNING K13Kurniawan, Solihin ..........................................................................................................

COMMISSIVE IN BATAK KAROLaili Mahmudah ..............................................................................................................

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LOSS AND GAIN OF INFORMATION OF THE CULTURAL TERMS IN THE SHORT STORY SEEKOR AYAM PANGGANG AND A ROAST CHICKEN IN RELATION TO THE TARGET LANGUAGE READER’S UNDERSTANDINGLina Pratica Wijaya ..........................................................................................................

PROMOTING THE LOST VOCABULARIES OF LOCAL LANGUAGES TO REVITALIZE THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDONESIAN LANGUAGELis Setiawati ....................................................................................................................

THE LEXICONS OF VERB ‘FALING” IN SUNDANESE LANGUAGE: NATURAL SEMANTIC METALANGUAGE APPROACHLuh Gde Inten Purnama Sari Setiawan, Ni Putu Yunita Dewi .........................................

GEGURITAN KAPIPARWA: CHARACTER AND LANGUAGE ANALYSISLuh Putu Puspawati, I Made Suastika .............................................................................

SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION ON CHILDREN MIXED MARRIED BETWEEN JAVANESE AND BALINESELuh Putu Ratnayanti Sukma ............................................................................................

‘LIR ILIR” PRAGMATIC ANALYSISLukia Zuraida ...................................................................................................................

LOCAL BEING WITHOUT NATIONAL: LINGUISTIC DILEMMA IN GILI KETAPANG PROBOLINGGO, EAST JAVALukiyati Ningsih, Khadijah Aufadina ................................................................................

LOCAL LANGUAGE CONTENT IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM THROUGH THE MEDIA INFORMATION (LONG-COM PROGRAM) TO CHANGE SOCIETY’S PERSPECTIVE OF LOCAL LANGUAGE IN INDONESIAM. Izzudin Ma’ruf ............................................................................................................

THE USE OF LINGUISTIC POLITENESS AND METAPHOR AMONG SASAK SPEAKERS IN RELIGIOUS SETTINGSMahyuni, M. Amin, Arifuddin, Ahmad Junaidi ................................................................

CULTURAL MEMORY FOR THE SUSTAINABILITY OF SU’I UVI IN NGADHA FLORESMaria Matildis Banda ......................................................................................................

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THE EXISTENCE OF DOLANAN SONG IN KINDERGARTEN AS A STRATEGY TO EMPOWER THE JAVANESE LANGUAGE : A CASE STUDY OF ROUDLOTUL ULUM KINDERGARTEN, MOJOKERTOMarta Widyawati, Dwika Muzakky Anan Taturia ............................................................

STRENGTHENING JAVANESE LANGUAGE MALANG ACCENT: A CASE STUDY TOWARD VIDEO BLOG BAYU SKAK ON YOUTUBEMia Maulana Sarif ...........................................................................................................

REVEALING THE CULTURAL FEATURES OF PAPUAN MALAY LANGUAGEMonika Gultom ...............................................................................................................

GRAMMATICAL EQUIVALENCE IN THE ARABIC-JAVANESE TRANSLATION: THE EXPLORATION OF DIVERSITY IN GRAMMATICAL CATEGORIES ACROSS LANGUAGESMuhammad Yunus Anis ..................................................................................................

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN INFLUENCING BALINESE PEOPLE USE LOCAL LANGUAGE (BALINESE LANGUAGE)Ni Luh Made Dwi Ari Septiani .........................................................................................

CONSTITUENT MERGING OF SIMPLE CLAUSES IN BALINESENi Luh Ketut Mas Indrawati .............................................................................................

THE USE OF NUSA PENIDA BALINESE PHONEME /h/ (A CASE STUDY OF NUSA PENIDA PEOPLE WHO LIVE IN DENPASAR)Ni Made Ayu Widiastuti .................................................................................................

HOW ANIMALS PERSONIFICATION ACCOMPLISHED IN CHILDREN’S STORYNi Wayan Sukarini ...........................................................................................................

LINGUISTIC IDEOLOGY AND MULTI-IDENTITY (RE)CONSTRUCTION:A CASE STUDY OF THE MANGGARAI-FLORES DIASPORA IN BALINi Wayan Sumitri, I Wayan Arka......................................................................................

TOGA DANCE IN SIGUNTUR KINGDOM CULTURE AS MALAY HISTORICAL RELICS TO STRENGTHEN MINANGKABAU IDENTITYNidya Fitri, Dewa Ayu Widiasri ........................................................................................

YAWII: A VERB OF MOTION TOWARD GOAL AND MOTION AWAY FROM SOURCE IN MEENiko Kobepa....................................................................................................................

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LANGUAGES PRESERVATION IN CEPUNG: ORAL TRADITION, COLLA BORATION OF SASAK AND BALI COMMUNITY ON LOMBOK ISLANDNining Nur Alaini ............................................................................................................

EXPLORATION ON VERB ‘BAHA’ IN PAKKADO, MANDAR, INDONESIA: A STUDY OF NATURAL SEMANTIC METALANGUAGENirwan ............................................................................................................................

CULTURAL VALUES IN TRADITIONAL EXPRESSION OF SASAK TRADITIONAL INTERCOURSENiswatul Hasanah, Malihah Hafiz ...................................................................................

RECIPIENT ROLE IN BALINESE GIVING VERB CONSTRUCTIONSNyoman Sujaya ...............................................................................................................

ADJECTIVES IN LUBUKLINGGAU DIALECT OF PALEMBANG MALAY LANGUAGE AND ENGLISH THROUGH MORPHOLOGY AND SYNTAX ANALYSISOktaria Hasiyana ............................................................................................................

A RITUAL TO COMMUNICATE WITH GOD OF THAI-KHMER GROUP: A CASE STUDY OF JOAL MAMAUD RITUAL, MUANG DISTRICT, SURIN PROVINCE, THAILANDPhra Dhammamolee, Yasothara Siripaprapãgon, Suthat Pratoomkaew, Thittayawadee Intarangkul, Suriya Klangrit, Samroeng Intayung ............................................................

JAVA ENCYCLOPEDIA BASED ON JAVANESE LOCAL KNOWLEDGE FOR MILENIAL GENERATIONPrembayun Miji Lestari, Retno Purnama Irawati, Mujimin .............................................

INSIGHT OF DIGITAL FOLKLORE IN RELATION TO EDUCATIONPutu Irmayanti Wiyasa ....................................................................................................

CONTRASTIF ANALYSIS BALI AND MANDARIN LANGUAGES PRONUNCIATIONPutu Prinda D`amour Nisa ..............................................................................................

STRENGHTENING AND DEVELOPING LOCAL LANGUAGE LITERATION THROUGH LOCAL CONTENT CURRICULUM OF PRIMARY SCHOOL: SYSTEMIC-FUNCTIONAL LINGUISTIC PERSPECTIVEPutu Sutama, Maria Arina Luardini, Natalina Asi ...........................................................

FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IN BALINESE PROVERBS WITH THE LEXICON OF FAUNASPutu Zalsa Swandari Putri, Ni Made Mitha Suandari ......................................................

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EXISTENCE OF LOCAL LANGUAGES IN THE VARIOUS GENRE OF POPULAR MUSIC IN INDONESIARanti Rachmawanti .........................................................................................................

BANYUMAS JAVANESE DIALECT LANGUAGE IN THE TRADITIONAL CEREMONY OF BANYUMAS COMMUNITY MARRIAGERatih Kusumastuti ...........................................................................................................

THE EFFORTS TO MAINTAIN THE MOTHER TONGUE IN BEKASIRatu Badriyah .................................................................................................................

THE POWER OF BATAK TRADITIONAL SONG IN REPRESENTING LIVING VALUESRomaida Lubis .................................................................................................................

TERMS OF ADDRESS IN THE BELITUNG ISLAND SOCIETY: A SOCIOLINGUISTIC APPROACHSandy Nugraha

LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPE OF OUTDOOR SIGNS IN CUSTOMARY VILAGE OF TEGALTAMU, GIANYARSang Ayu Isnu Maharani .................................................................................................

LANGUAGE ATTITUDES AND LANGUAGE USE A GROUP OF PEOPLE TOWARDS LOCAL LANGUAGES IN THE RELATION TO ETHNIC IDENTITYSatyawati ........................................................................................................................

AGROLINGUISTIC ISSUES, AGRICULTURAL LEXICONS AND MUSEUM NAGARI IN WEST SUMATRA Sawirman ........................................................................................................................

METAPHORS USAGE IN THE MARRIAGE PROPOSAL RITUAL IN MANGGARAI, EAST INDONESIASebastianus Menggo .......................................................................................................

PERCEIVED ADDRESS TERMS IN PM BY PAPUAN AND NON PAPUAN SPEAKERS: A PRELIMINARY STUDYServo P. Kocu ...................................................................................................................

PHAHYA : WORD EFFECTS TO E-SARN PEOPLE’S LIFESowit Bamrungphak .......................................................................................................

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LANGUAGE OF THE BAWEAN ISLANDERS: CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS IN SPEECH LEVELS Sri Wiryanti Budi Utami ..................................................................................................

ANCIENT LANGUAGE IN SACRED RITUAL OF BUDDHIST THAI-KHMER PEOPLE IN MUANG DISTRICT, SURIN PROVINCE, THAILAND Suthat Pratoomkaew, PhraRajdhammasansudhi Teerangku, Phramaha Khuntong Khemasiri, Phramaha Tongchai Thammathawee, Yasothara Siripaprapãgon .................

FIRST PERSON POSSESSIVE CONSTRUCTION IN MADURESE LANGUAGETunggul Puji Lestari, Dwita Laksmita Rachmawati ..........................................................

THE DERIVATED CLAUSE STRUCTURES IN KAILI LANGUAGE, DIALECT RAIUlinsa, Yunidar ................................................................................................................

THE FORMATION OF IDIOM IN BIMA LANGUAGE: PERSPECTIVE MORPHOLOGY SYSTEMUmar ...............................................................................................................................

ORAL PROFICIENCY IN TAMIL LANGUAGE: AN ISSUE IN MAINTAINING TAMIL LANGUAGEVijay Khana .....................................................................................................................

THE MAINTAINED USE OF JAVANESE LANGUAGE IN SURABAYA URBAN SOCIETYWahyu Sekti Wijaya .........................................................................................................

IDENTIFIYING SENTANI CHILDREN’S DIFFICULTIES IN LEARNING THEIR LOCAL LANGUAGEWigati Yektiningtyas ......................................................................................................

BOL : THE RITUAL AND ART OF DETECTING THE CAUSE OF ILLNESS IN KHMER PEOPLE SURIN PROVINCE,THAILANDWan Suwanpong, Prayoon Saengsai, Yasothara Siripaprapãgon, Karisandh Sengmas, Somkid Sukjit, Suriya Klangrit .........................................................................................

ANCIENT SACRED LANGUAGE PRESENTED IN GALMORE RITUAL OF BUDDHIST THAI-KUI PEOPLE IN SURIN PROVINCE OF THAILANDYasothara Siripaprapãgon, Wan Suwanpong, PhraKan KantaDharmmo, Suriya Klangrit, Samroeng Intayung .........................................................................................................

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“PHAYAR” A LANGUAGE THAT REFLECTS THE DOCTRINE IN THE LIFE OF THAI-KUY ETHNIC GROUP IN SURIN PROVINCE OF THAILANDYasothara Siripaprapãgon, Prayoon Saengsai, Wan Suwanpong, Suriya Klangrit, Samroeng Intayung .........................................................................................................

KIEH IN MINANGKABAU’S TAMBOYendra .............................................................................................................................

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BOL : THE RITUAL AND ART OF DETECTING THE CAUSE OF ILLNESS IN KHMER PEOPLE SURIN PROVINCE THAILAND

Assist. Prof. Dr. Wan Suwanpong; Assist. Prof. Dr. Prayoon SaengsaiDr. Yasothara Siripaprapagon; Assist. Prof. Karisandh Sengmas

Mr. Somkid Sukjit, Mr. Suriya KlangritMahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University Surin Province, Thailand

[email protected]

AbstractThe aim of this article is to present the knowledge about the ritual and art of detecting the cause of illness in Thai-Khmer people which called Bol. It is an ancient art passed down through the generation through ritual practice by the Thai-Khmer people. It involves detecting and forecasting based on the ancestor from the past Khmer people or Austroasiatic ethnic group in Surin province Thailand. Their beliefs are based on superstition or a supernatural power which have been handed down through the generation. Bol is an activity which focuses on detecting the causes of any illness in Khmer People. It is an ancient belief for describing or searching for the causes of any reasons of illness in the way of life of Khmer people the benefits of the this article are to describe the art and technique of the ritual for healing which is the localized wisdom which may disappear if not studied and preserve for next generation of Khmer people in Surin province.

Keywords : Bol, Ritual detecting, Illness healing,Khmer People, Surin Province

IntroductionThe world has the revolute a long period of the time. All humans need certain things food

safety place for living. Human don’t need only food and a place to live but they also need health and safety for wellbeing of their life. They learn the other thing beside their own bodies and they try to understand the environment and get to know it well because it effect their daily lives for thing which they cannot explain scientifically they usually turn to superstition or supernatural power. In this way certain people gain special powers which are seen in many religions and thing can be provide by ritual of black magic power. Black magic was created by human or the people. There are many groups of the people who belief in the supernatural power or superstition in the world even today. They belief in a power of that cannot be controlled by people. This special power is called “Mana” Some people belief that “Mana” stays with people and we can learn about it and hand this knowledge down from generation. Religion is the center of all beliefs and culture and it is deeply respect and held in the esteem by the people.There becomes a mental dependence on it and people follow the religion and teaching ideology of their life. They strive for the noble ideals of the particular life. Although the people have a special power and they are able to connect with supernatural power through a six senses to understand those special powers, that supernatural power can give by learning or transferring knowledge (Aree

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Thongkaew. 2006 : 3) The human try to explain the special power through the use of ritual or a special activity. They made up myth to tell both of history and geography and record and transfer the knowledge to the next generation (Nichom Vongvian. 1983:32) Khmer people have a based belief based on both superstition and supernatural power that they have handed down for generation to generation and Bol is one which they use to detect the cause of decease or illness in patients which is also based on the belief of supernatural power.

The background of the Bol ritual Khmer people in Surin province Thailand have a ritual which called “Bol” in Khmer language which can detect and predict for the cause of illness as to the history of the belief of Khmer people. 1. The basic and evolution

The belief system is the basic for any actions of the human ancestor made belief and had faith such as the power of black magic the spirit can give them a happiness and misfortune and it also punish them well. The belief is based on the belief of a holy spirit or also have religions

Based on confidence in the holy Spirit 1) Belief in this spirit create the power 2) Belief improve one’s creativeness3) Belief forms unity of the community4) Belief is created the format the spirit 6) Belief is basic of wisdom 7) Belief is make the faith sustainable 8) Belief is desire from an inside power

The basic of belief in the form of a ritual, the belief in Bol is a key to access the cause of illness by using the secrete object such as holy water which can be made by a priest or monks who have a great spiritual power. (Sumet Methavitthayakol. 1989 : 50)

2. The belief of Khmer people and the way to look for cause and effectThere are three distinct ethnic groups in surin province such as Thai-Kui ,Khmer and Thai-

Laos. They have similar belief system. (Nisa Prombut. 2011: 31) most of these group have passed down tradition from generation to generation, some of these tradition have become rituals. Bol of the Khmer ethnic group is meant to seek out causes and reasons for sickness and seeking out things that may have been lost such as a buffalos or cows the way to look for the cause is ritual called Bol which connect the super natural power or spirit such ancestor spirit, angel or god and lead the people to worship. The processes have been handed down from ancient time until the present day. The ritual is made up to show a consistent showing of respect to teacher ancestors and prediction by using the ritual there is a connection between the holy spirit and the human by using certain equipment and tool and why they used those particular items in the ritual is based on belief and can be explain by the ritual.(Yasothara Siripaprapagon. 2016 : 35)

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Khmer people belief that the Bol ritual is a way to detect the cause of anything. It is conceptually a belief in the supernatural and is directly connected with the tools that are used and the results are for predictable. It can be said that it has an art dimension to be the art of magic

It is a way to access to the local wisdom of the Khmer people the ritual is called Bol in Khmer language which mean to the prediction or detecting to find out the cause and any reason of illness, The most ritualist are old Khmer ladies or elders who have belief in the superstition and have a special power or the magic,most are Khmer ethnic group in Surin province, Thailand.(Sopon Thamarangsri. Interviewed on the 1st January 2017). Bol is an ritualistic activities for seeking or detecting the certain point of prediction use for looking for the right place for ceremony, or looking for good point of location for construction. (Spmchai Siriwanno. Interviewed on 1st January 2017) these are the based belief of supernatural power which connect the spirit and the sun, the moon and the ground of the earth Like the cases of solar eclipse and lunar eclipse (Nisa Prombut. 2554 : 31) it is ancient belief with using the equipment as a symbolic as a ritual for prediction .

The Bol ritual for Prediction Bol ritual for prediction, Sopon Thamarangsri said that in the past long time ago when people

get sick hospitals are far away from home so difficult to reach there. That why they have traditional healer in their communities by using herbal healing but some sick people have the big case and difficult to curing and what they use the Bol ritual for looking for detecting to the cause of illness. The ritual based on their belief in the superstition or super natural. Some people live far away from home for working when they get sick they have to come back home to meet listualist or the Bol for seeking for the cause or reason for sickness. We can said that the base belief to prediction by the Bol ritual which concerns to the spirit. the Bol ritual was run by the leader or ristualist who are the one can connect to the spirit can be the monks who have a great special power.The most predictors are ladies who have special power. (Sopon Thamarangsri. Interviewed on 1st January 2017

The steps of the Bol ritual Many materials are use in the ritualistic activities are Kruay with white flowers ,Joss sticks,

candles, cloth ,rice and small money (Nisa Prombut. 2011 : 32) The first step,the predictor will take a meditation for a few minutes then pray or show respect to their teacher in Khmer language and then at the step of prediction (Pao Somthong. Interviewed on 2nd January 2017) The elements of the Bol ritual are 1) predictor 2. Asker 3.sick people 4.Materials 5.date and time 6.equipements (Ben Nuchanajarn. Interviewed on 2nd January 2017) the Bol ritual will start by The predictor will hold the knife (Sa-Nak) tide with rock and then move up and down, the asker will ask questions to the predictor about the cause or reason of the sickness. The predictor will look at the movement of the knife if the answer is yes ,the knife will move, the results of the prediction which as follows 1) the cause made by the spirit ,spread the holy water and worship with Ma-Mot Ceremony.

The important of the Bol ritual The importants of the Bol ritual, being predictor is not easy but you musttry your best to

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Proceedings The 1st International Seminar on Local Languages

Bali, 23-24 February 2018

learn and practice to be a good predictor. They must have a great meditation the important equipment materials which use in the ritual are knife (Sa-nak) Kruay with flower, bowl of rice, small money, the ritual start by predictor lighting the candles in the silent room. Locked door, window and take a meditation and prays. Predictors who learn to be a good predictor must have the equipment connected to spiritual power or linking to the sun and the moon. (Nisa prombut. 2011 : 32). The traditional prediction has 4 forms are 1) “chu” solar eclipse start from the right and dark and bright on the left. 2) “Tajia” the darkness get in from the right close and move to the right 3) “Bak-pua” darkness is the heist and move out by going above 4) “Ra-Hak-Muad” the darkness is small and move out by going below.

The values of Bol ritualthe integration of local wisdom 1.

Bol is a ritualistic activity of Khmer people with logic in the activity and then transferred to generation by using the belief. The ritual can take knowledge to be guidance of prediction with equipment for using in the ritual detecting to the cause of illness or the problems of health. We can adapt the knowledge of local wisdom for sustainability and preservation with appropriate development. The values in the cultural dimension, Bol ritual was developed or integrated from the past until present day which you can see varies prediction in the society such as horoscope they maybe same basic belief concept or evolution of local wisdom. It is a local wisdom of Khmer people which learned and transferred down for help the people for clarify of the cause and reason of illness and understand to find the way out for curing.

Local wisdom preservation 2. Bol is an important ritualistic activity of Khmer people in society in Surin province. Khmer

people have a based belief on superstation which can explain by the ritual, belief , the structure and process of the ritual are very important to study and preserve or promote to be local wisdom civilization from ancient ancestor and find out the appropriate way to upgrade or integrate the knowledge to be a technique of using the art of prediction , understand the art to access the local wisdom and become the art of n to horoscope at the in the present day.

The ancestor from heritage 3. Bol is a ritual of the belief which passed down for a long time, the predictor or ritualist

have to study the belief, steps and process of the ritual, these technique are the guideline from ancestor who have created the art of prediction for detecting and searching for the cause of illness and people in the present day must to realize and study the important of values of art of prediction because the art of ritual is a key to access to the wisdom to support the healing or sick people though the art of prediction by Bol ritual of Khmer people

Conclusion Bol is an activity in the ritual of Khmer people and is knowledge about the ritual and art of detecting the causes of any illness in Khmer people which called Bol. It is an important ancient knowledge or local wisdom ritual for connect to the ancestral spirit of Khmer people based

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Empowerment and Preservation of Local Languages

ISBN: 978-602-294-262-7

on belief in superstition or a supernatural power which have been handed down through the generation. Bol is an activity which based on ancient belief for describing or searching for the causes of any reasons of illness in the way of life of Khmer people the benefits to describe the art and technique of the ritual for healing which is the localized wisdom which have to study and preserve for next generation of Khmer people in Surin province.

References Nisa Promboot. (2011). Bol Ritual of Banbasana Prasat Surin Province. Thesis of Surindra Rajahat

University.

Yasothara Siripaprapagon. (2016). An analysis of the doctrines of Mamot of Thai-Khmer Ethnic group related to Buddhist Principle in Surin and Buriram provinces. Dissertation doctor of philosophy inBuddhist studies. Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University.

Sumet Methawitthayanukul. (1989). Sangkabpiti. Bangkok : Odian Store.

Aree Thongkew. (2006). The history of Surin province. Surin : Faculty of social science and humanity. Surindra Rajahat University.

Sophon Thammarangsri. (Temple Principle). 1st January 2017.

Somchai Siriwatthago. (Thai Monk). Interview 1st January 2017.

Ben Nuchanacharn. (Thai Nune). Interview 2nd January 2017.

Pao Somthong. (Ritual Leader). Interview 2nd January 2017.

Udayana University Press