THE 14TH INTERNATIONAL RAINWATER … Saidin.pdfIr. Ellias Saidin Principal, PerundingIkatan, Malaysia [email protected] IR ELLIAS SAIDIN – 14th INTERNATIONAL RAINWATER CATCHMENT SYSTEMS

THE 14TH INTERNATIONAL RAINWATER CATCHMENT SYSTEMS CONFERENCE 2009

‘RAINWATER HARVESTING TO COPE WITH CLIMATE CHANGE’

A STUDY OF RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEMS INSTALLATIONS AT THREE RESIDENTIAL HOUSES IN MALAYSIA

Ir. Ellias SaidinPrincipal,

Perunding Ikatan, [email protected]

IR ELLIAS SAIDIN – 14th INTERNATIONAL RAINWATER CATCHMENT SYSTEMS CONFERENCE 2009

PRESENTATION CONTENTS

REVIEW OF RWH PRACTICES

SUSTAINABLE WATER RESOURCE

RWH PRACTICES IN MALAYSIA

3 Nos. RESIDENTIAL RWH INSTALLATIONS

CONCLUSIONS


CONSERVATION OF WATER RESOURCE - SUSTAINABILITY

One of the sustainable practice to conserve water




Kelong Paradise Resort

Pulau Ketam


DEVELOPMENTIn rural areas, the practice of storing rainwater was discouraged with the implementation of government development policy to supply reticulated treated water to rural areas. It was also reported that rainwater were used in schools, mosque and community centers until by policy, new public buildings then were connected to existing reticulated supplies.( Uzir A Malik et al, 1991)

NECCESITYIn Malaysia, in 2006, the Ministry of Health reported that 29,865 RWH systems had been installed with almost 20,000 units installed in Sabah for rural water supply to isolated areas

The Minister of Education recently announced that in Sabah, 117 rural schools will be provided with rain harvesting system for water supply at a cost of RM66.65mil (STAR 14Jul2008).


9th Malaysia Plan



SUSTAINABLE WATER RESOURCERWH PRACTICES IN MALAYSIA


CONCLUSIONS


SUSTAINABILITY CONCEPTS FOR WATER RESOURCE

WATER RESOURCE AVERAGE RESIDENCE TIMEGroundwater: deep 10,000 yearsOceans 3,200 yearsGroundwater: shallow 100 to 200 yearsLakes 50 to 100 yearsGlaciers 20 to 100 yearsRivers 2 to 6 monthsSoil moisture 1 to 2 monthsAtmosphere 9 days

Source; Pidwirny, M. (2006). "The Hydrologic Cycle". Fundamentals of Physical Geography, 2nd Edition.

RAINWATER

TASMANIAN RAIN is rainwater is captured on the pristine north west coast of the island of Tasmania, Australia. The water is collected just minutes of where the World Meteorological Organization records the world’s purest air. The rain, has traveled eastward via air currents over Antarctica and 10,000 miles of ocean. As a result, TASMANIAN RAIN contains only 17 parts per million of dissolved solids.TASMANIAN RAIN is collected by a custom-designed catchment facility, and the rainwater never touches the ground. http:www.tasmanianrain.com


RAINWATER TANK INSTALLATIONS IN AUSTRALIA

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics


RAINWATER TANK INSTALLATIONS IN AUSTRALIA

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics


QUALITY OF RAINWATER FOR DRINKING WATER

Rainwater tanks as main source of drinking water for 10.1% of Australian households in 2007.

Outside capital cities, 23.3% of households reported that their main source of drinking water was a rainwater tank

South Australia had 54.2% households outside the capital cities whose main source of drinking water was a rainwater tank.

Australian Bureau of Statistics 2007







CONCLUSIONS


MINISTRY OF HEALTH – RURAL WATER SUPPLY

According to the Ministry of Health, in 2006, 29,865 RWH systems had been installed throughout Malaysia with almost 20,000 units installed in Sabah.

Monitoring on 54 units in Batu Pahat was done in 2006 and it was found that only 2Nos did not conform to the National Drinking Water Quality Standards; one due to high turbidity and the other had high coli forms count (Mohd Pauzee MT 2007).


THE EVER INCREASING DEMAND FOR WATER

Malaysia Water Industry Guide 2007



More Treatment Plants and chemicals??

More and Bigger Dams??More Inter-State

Pipelines??


Use % Lit/day L/monthPotential

RW/month

Toilet Flushing 30% 300 9,000 9,000

Baths and Taps 21% 210 6,300

Clothes Washing 13% 130 3,900 3,900

Showers 12% 120 3,600

Washing up 8% 80 2,400

Outdoor 7% 70 2,100 2,100

Drinking Water 4% 40 1,200

Others 5% 50 1,500

Total 100% 1,000 30,000 15,000


DOMESTIC RAINWATER HARVESTING POTENTIAL

( KLANG VALLEY FIGURES)


Month Rainfall (mm)

Jan 107

Feb 200

Mar 266

Apr 293

May 217

Jun 153

Jul 150

Aug 195

Sep 237

Oct 248

Nov 235

Dec 219

Total 2,520

AVAILABILITY

Total annual rainfall = 2500mm

Average D/S Link House Roof Area for harvesting Rainwater = 100 sq m.

Allow capturing efficiency of 75%

Vol of Rain Water = 2500 x 100 x 75%

= 188 cu. m per year

DEMAND

From consumption estimates, potential use of RW in a household is 15cu.m x 12months

= 180 cu. m per year

Malaysia Water Industry Guide 2007

1. The total water production from WTP in 2006 was 12,296 MLD 2. Domestic Consumption was 66% (8,115 MLD) 3. The potential of substitution of 55% of domestic consumption

with harvested rainwater amounts to 4,463 MLD 4. The average increase in water production from WTP for last 16

years was 470 MLD annually. 5. Theoretically, no necessity for new plants for next 9 years if the

full potential of rainwater harvesting is utilised


MANUALS, CODES & GUIDES






3 Nos. RESIDENTIAL RWH INSTALLATION

CONCLUSIONS


KUALA LUMPUR












Roof Catchment

Gutter to be installed

Proposed Roof Catchment

Proposed Roof Catchment

Existing Roof Catchment








3 Nos. RESIDENTIAL RWH INSTALLATION

CONCLUSIONS


Many developed countries have recognized RWH as a sustainable source for domestic water supply.

In Australia where 99% of urban households are serviced by public mains, the Aust. Bureau of Statistic reported that in 2007, 19% of Australian households use rainwater tanks.

However in urban areas of Malaysia, RWH practice is adopted only by “environmentalists” and individuals’ conscious of their contribution towards sustainable living.

The Malaysian Green Building Index launched on 21st May 2009 promote sustainable development practices in Malaysia. Domestic water conservation practice (RWH is a water conservation practice) is recognized as part of sustainable developments to combat climate change and given a rating of 10% in the index criteria.


The above review has demonstrated the ad-hoc installations of Rainwater Harvesting Systems to three residential units.

The installation had their own constraints in during selection of the roof catchment's area and/or the tank size. Planning and technical advice before proceeding with construction of a building would have led to a more efficient harvesting of the rainwater available.

The installations above utilized pumps.A more sustainable system would be to design and select a higherlocation of the rainwater capture tanks for gravity distribution to the fixtures.

A water sampling program needs to be carried out to determine the quality and suitability of stored rainwater to be used in dwellings in urban Malaysia.

An optimized RWH system design is necessary to match the water demand, roof catchment's area and choice of tank volume so that the available rainwater shall be efficiently harvested for sustainable water consumption.


Acknowledgements

The author wishes to acknowledge the kind cooperation of the following for their contributions towards the project study

Kenny Lim Eng KeongFeisal Fairish

Rtn Kong Ling TohPremier Amalgamated Sdn Bhd (water meters)


THE 14TH INTERNATIONAL RAINWATER … Saidin.pdfIr. Ellias Saidin Principal, PerundingIkatan, Malaysia [email protected] IR ELLIAS SAIDIN – 14th INTERNATIONAL RAINWATER CATCHMENT SYSTEMS

Documents