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CDT
The 10B-based Jalousie Neutron Detector
DENIM 2015, Budapest, 8.09.2015
Christian J. Schmidt
Our solution for POWTEX (FRM-II) as alternative for
3He-filled PSD counter tubes
CDTCascade Detector Technologies GmbH
Hans-Bunte Str. 8-10
69123 Heidelberg, Germanywww.n-CDT.com
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Solid state and quantum chemistry
JCNSZAT, ZEL
VerbundforschungNico Walte
High pressure station SAPHiR
Jens Walter
Christian Randau
Texture analysis
H. Conrad, Th. Brückel, W. Schäfer, J. Voigt, J. Appl. Cryst. 41., 836 (2008).A. Houben, W. Schweika, Th. Brückel, R. Dronskowski, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 680, 124 (2012).
CDT GmbH contracted by RWTH Aachen for concept, design and realization at FRM II, cooperation with FZJ/JCNS through JARA
Project leader: Andreas HoubenRWTH-Aachen
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Christian J. Schmidt, CDT GmbH Heidelberg, DENIM 2015
Neutron detection with 10B converters10B + n → 7Li (1.02 MeV) + α (1.78 MeV) ( 6%)
→ 7Li (0.84MeV) + α (1.47 MeV) + γ (0.48 MeV) (94%)3838 b (1.8 A)
� 10B and 10B4C are stable, inert (compared to BF3) and non hygroscopic (as e.g. Li, BF3)
� > 96% enriched 10B available (through large industrial demands for 11B)
� large charge-signal inside detector
� Ranges of α (3.14 µm) and 7Li (1.53 µm) limit single layer detection efficiency to ~ 5% forthermal neutrons at vertical incidence
0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
Counts
PHA channel number
UCN's
50 nm 10
B
pic
ture
fro
m K
. Z
eitelh
ack, F
RM
2
α7Li
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Christian J. Schmidt, CDT GmbH Heidelberg, DENIM 2015
Jalousie for POWTEX
� Jalousie is a detector solution with inclined, solid 10B or 10B4C converter layers.
� Boron coatings are inclined to the neutron path to
geometrically enhance converter depth,
� while nuclear fragmentation products still enter the gas detector to deposit a large
charge-signal.
� At η = 10° the effective converter depth is 5.75 times higher.
ηd/Sin(η)
d10B layer
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Christian J. Schmidt, CDT GmbH Heidelberg, DENIM 2015
einfallender Neutronenstrahl
beidseitig mit 10-B beschichtete Lamelle
Zähldraht in der Mitte zwischen 2 Lamellen
k = 1
Ausführungstiefe k = 2, Anzahl der potentiell getroffenen Lamellen
k = 3
Potentialdraht zur Feldformung
ηηηη
h
b
Jalousie: Detector Concept – neutrons at scraping incidence
10B-coated lamellae are inclined to the incoming neutron
intensity at an angle of η = 10°
projected depth k = 4 (corresponds to 8 Boron layers)
counting anode wirebetween two lamellae potential wire
lamella coated with 10B4Con both sides
incoming neutronsk = number of traversed lamellae
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Christian J. Schmidt, CDT GmbH Heidelberg, DENIM 2015
Jalousie: Modular and Segmented
� Any neutron will pass 8 layers of Boron (1,1µm) under 10°, overall 46µm of 10B
� In-depth detection as well as resolution to achieve TOF resolution
� Modular detector segments as individually operating proportional gas detectorswith two anode planes each that may be assembled to cover large areas
segment crossection
segment side view
neutrons
From point of view of incoming neutrons: the stack of inclined lamellae looks like a „Jalousie“ or Venetian blind.
neutrons
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Christian J. Schmidt, CDT GmbH Heidelberg, DENIM 2015
Projected Detection Efficiency
Efficiency as function of wavelength, η = 10°, 8 10B4C layers
1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,050
55
60
65
70
75
80
1,1 µm 10B4C
D
ete
ction E
ffic
ien
cy [
%]
Neutron Wavelength [Angström]
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Christian J. Schmidt, CDT GmbH Heidelberg, DENIM 2015
1 2 3 4 5 6 750
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
1,1 µm 10B4C
0,65 µm 10B4C
D
ete
ction E
ffic
iency [%
]
Neutron Wavelength [Angström]
Efficiency may be optimized for the application
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Christian J. Schmidt, CDT GmbH Heidelberg, DENIM 2015
Jalousie Configuration for the POWTEX cylinder
neutrons
segment crossection
segment side view, 1,6m active length
All-active detector entrance area, no blind areas !
neutrons
240 segments1,14° coverage each segm.cylinder inner radius: 80cm
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Christian J. Schmidt, CDT GmbH Heidelberg, DENIM 2015
POWTEX Instrument, towards 4ππππ-Coverage� Cylinder jacket coverage 274°, 240 segments
� Two end-caps, ϕ-coverage 276° each
� No coverage on bottom � space for instrumentation
� 2 Mio. active Voxels, 60.000 analog ASIC r/o channels
overall blind area < 5,8%
9 sqm detector area
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Christian J. Schmidt, CDT GmbH Heidelberg, DENIM 2015
Neutron Powder Diffractometer POWTEX w
ith
pu
lsed
bea
m, T
oF
~ λλ λλ
calculation thanks to Dr. Werner Schweika, FZJ
forwardendcap
barrel jacket backwardendcap
example: NAC standard
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Christian J. Schmidt, CDT GmbH Heidelberg, DENIM 2015
Realization of POWTEX-Jalousie at FRM II
� Jalousie was elaborated in two prototypingiterations.
� Third iteration: Production pre-series (12 segments).
� Serial Production started,
26/240 segments assembled, ~40% coating done (~280 sqm), all electronics manufacturedassembly capacity: ~3 segments per week
module pair
at FRM II, HEIDI
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Christian J. Schmidt, CDT GmbH Heidelberg, DENIM 2015
Measurements at Triga Reactor Mainz
Beam from collimated slit onto Jalousie segment at 10°(both wire planes shown side by side)
Uncollimated beam profile measured withCASCADE 2D-200
Log-plotLog-plot
1/3
ofcath
ode
str
ips
#1 wire plane #2
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Christian J. Schmidt, CDT GmbH Heidelberg, DENIM 2015
508 510 512 514 516 518 520 522 5240
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
co
unt
rate
[H
z]
θ-position [mm]
152 156 160 164 168 172 176 1800
1000
20003000
4000
5000
60007000
8000
900010000
Cou
nts
z position [mm]
2
Resolution scan across cathode strips
Resolution scan across anode wires
Measurements at Triga Reactor Mainz, Prototype II
employing collimator: beam width 0,5mm in detector
measured resolution: ∆2θ = 0,38° FWHM
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Christian J. Schmidt, CDT GmbH Heidelberg, DENIM 2015
Jalousie Specifications to meet POWTEX Needs
•Very low γγγγ-background: Low-Z converter material 10B, alpha versus e-ionization density
•Long term stability due to continuous purge of cheap counting gas through detector.
Accumulated detection efficiency
� 8 boron layers
� inclined at 10°
> 52% (1.0 Å)
> 65% (1.8 Å)
> 72% (2.5 Å)
spatial resolution (2D) (at ambient counting gas pressure)
3D in depth � TOF
� width of cathode readout strip
∆2θ = 0,469° ~ 6 mm
� lamellae height h = 7,9 mm at
window corresp. to ∆ϕ = 0,566°
resolution in 2θθθθ:
0,38° (FWHM)
resolution in ϕϕϕϕ:
0,665° (FWHM)
TOF resolution Anode spacing b = 15,6 mm 2,7 – 6,9 µs (FWHM)
Count rate per segment limited by coincident read-out of cathode and anode
2MHz @ 10% dead time
Count rate per readout ch limited by ASIC shaping time constant 333kHz @ 10% dead time
Parameter Design Value
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Christian J. Schmidt, CDT GmbH Heidelberg, DENIM 2015
Detector Segments in Production at CDT GmbHcurrent capacity:
3 segments per week
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Christian J. Schmidt, CDT GmbH Heidelberg, DENIM 2015
10B4C Coating for POWTEX
300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500
0,80
0,85
0,90
0,95
1,00
1,05
1,10
1,15
1,20
1,25
1,30
1,35
1,40
1,45
1,50
Model: y = P2*x
P2 0.00301 ±0.00002
Sch
ich
tdic
ke
Mic
row
aa
ge
[µ
m]
Schwingquarzwerte [relativ]
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240
1,00
1,05
1,10
1,15
1,20
1,25
1,30
1,35
1,40
1,45
1,50
Sch
ichtd
icke
[µ
m]
Nr. Haubenblech
Waage
Quarz
Mittelwert
Coating at S-DHour neighbor and expert in
neutron guides
cathodes coated byFraunhofer Institut IST
coating thic
kness [µ
m]
sheet number
mic
ro b
ala
nce [µ
m]
quarz balance [∆f]
independent off-line measurementscorrelation
280 m2 coated ~ 40% of total area (700 m2)
µ-balancequarzmean
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Christian J. Schmidt, CDT GmbH Heidelberg, DENIM 2015
POWTEX End-Cap Concept
� Two end-caps, covering 276° each
� 12°-segments with similar lamellae structure.
� Anode wires oriented in direction of the neutron path � avoid blind areas!
� Overall blind area < 5,8%
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Christian J. Schmidt, CDT GmbH Heidelberg, DENIM 2015
POWTEX End-Cap, anode-wires oriented to sample
� End-cap engineering design and prototyping ongoing� 12°-Segment substructured in 5 submodules
� 10° inclination in ϕ � detection efficiency + avoid blind area!
� 10° inclination in 2θ � avoid blind area between submodules!
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Christian J. Schmidt, CDT GmbH Heidelberg, DENIM 2015
POWTEX End-Cap
� Prototyping of sub-module 3 in autum
Challenges:
� 3D-Structure
� Sealed Aluminum housing
� Assembly procedures
� Contacting electrodes
� Production pre-series (four 12°-segments)
� Serial production in 2016 (full additional 42 segments)
POWTEX project finalization in spring 2017
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Christian J. Schmidt, CDT GmbH Heidelberg, DENIM 2015
Electronic Signal Readout and DAQ
� Readout of individual channels through readout-ASIC CIPix-1.1, 60.000 ch
� Position identification and event reconstruction via coincidence identification in a local, module based FPGA, 2 Mio. volume elements (VOXELs)
� Data readout through Struck daisy-chained GBit optical link (SIS1104)
� One GBit optical link transmits at least 12,8 Mio. event mode data elements per second(64 Bit per event defined for POWTEX).
� More bandwith through segmentation into several readout areas
SIS1104 PCI Express Quad Optical Link Card(640MByte/sec)
Token Ring
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Christian J. Schmidt, CDT GmbH Heidelberg, DENIM 2015
CDRS: 256-channel read-out for POWTEX, 2D-200 or 2D-300 detector
� Spartan-6 FPGA
� opt. Gbit interface
� 4-fold CIPix-ASIC interface
� Clock recovery and synchronisation to
global time
� 4ch ADC (60 MHz, 10 bit) � pulse
height analysis
� DDR-RAM on board
� LVDS interface
� Avago opt. I/O interface
� Digital-IO diagnostic sensor interface
� Powering via 48V/24V (galvanically decoupled)
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Christian J. Schmidt, CDT GmbH Heidelberg, DENIM 2015
System capability and scalability of CDRS
� Token-Ring readout along the daisy chain� distribute bandwidth where it is needed
� Star-shaped clock distribution and backup communications channel
� System safety previsions:
� Three-fold concept to access for firmware upgrades
� Guaranteed access even with faulty firmware installed
� Three-fold clocking means
� Two-fold controls access
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CDT
CDTCASCADE Detector
TechnologiesGmbH
• Neutron Detectors
• Readout Electronics
• Complete Systems
• 10B Coatings
since 2006a university spin-off dedicated to
neutron detector technology
CDT GmbHHans-Bunte-Str. 8-1069123 HeidelbergGermany
www.n-cdt.com
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Christian J. Schmidt, CDT GmbH Heidelberg, DENIM 2015
CDT CASCADE Detector Technologies GmbH� Founded in 2006 as spin-off of Physikalisches Institut Heidelberg
� Focus: 10B based area detectors for thermal and coldneutrons as complete system solutions withelectronics and software
� JALOUSIE detector, the alternative for 3He PSDs �
large areas, medium resolution � POWTEX
� CASCADE 2D-200 – high rates GEM-based solution with extraordenary
contrast of 105. � expansion to 2D-300
� CASCADE-MIEZE – special variation to resolve 1MHz intensity
variations
� CASCADE-BM position sensitive Beam Monitors
� UCN detectors
� ASIC and FPGA-based multi-channel readout electronics
� Customers: FRM-II, FZJ, ESS, PSI, ILL, KIT (IBR-II), IHEP (CSNS, China),
KEK & JAEA (Japan) via REPIC, KACST (Saudi Arabia),
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Christian J. Schmidt, CDT GmbH Heidelberg, DENIM 2015
CDT Business Resources
� Equity capital: currently ~ (190 + 100 + 100) TEuro
� Current human resources:
10 FTE with additional ext. engineering capacities, further buildup ongoing
� Company premises: > 600m2 for lab-, production- and office space,
� High throughput, large area 10B4C coating facility at hand (~ 2 m2/day)
(cooperation with S-DH), metallic Boron coating