Thbujb wr ka u,kp, vbanv hrcs u,thmhcu arsnv,hck u,xhbfc kkp,n vhv vbev ic thbujb hcr “ “ /vrme vkp, When entering and leaving the Beit Midrash, R’ Nechunia.

“

“• When entering and leaving the Beit Midrash, R’

Nechunia ben Hakanah would pray a short prayer. “

“• They said to him: What is the nature of this prayer? ““• When entering I pray that nothing bad should happen

because of me. “

“• When I leave, I give thanks for my portion.

• In addition to what was taught in the Mishna, the

G’mara adds the following to be said when entering the Beit Midrash.

““

• May I not make a mistake in Halacha and cause my friends to be happy.

““• May I not say about something which is impure is

pure, or about something which is pure that it is impure.

““• May my friends not make a mistake in a Halacha and

cause me to be happy. • In addition to what was taught in the Mishna, the

G’mara adds the following to be said when exiting the Beit Midrash.

““• (I thank God) that I am part of those who sit in the

Beit Midrash and not part of those who sit idly. ”• Shopkeepers and unlearned men who waste their

time with idle talk. (Literally – those who sit on street corners)

Wake up for idle words

Wake up for words of Torah

Toil and do not receive a reward

Toil and receive a reward

Run to a pit of destruction I.e. Hell

Run to the world to come

Couch Potato

“

“• The Rabbis taught in a Breita: When R’ Eliezer was

ill, his students came to visit him. They said to him, our Rebbe teach us the ways of life so that through them we can merit life in the world to come.

• R’ Eliezer taught his students 4 things:

• Be careful with your friends honor.

–”• Do not accustom them to spend to much time

studying , because they will be drawn to it and thus neglect studying .

• Put (your children) between the knees of Torah Scolars

• When you pray know before whom you stand

““ When R’ Yochanan ben Zakai became ill his

students came to visit him, when he saw them he began to cry.

““

• They said to him: The candle of Israel, right most pillar, strong hammer, why are you crying?

• Just as a candle illuminates the dark, so to the - Tzaddik gives light to the Jewish people.

• Just as a pillar supports and is the - foundation of a building, so to the Tzaddik supports and is the foundation of the Jewish people.

• Just as a hammer is used to build a structure - so to the Tzaddik builds the Jewish people.

• Students’ Question• Since R’ Yochanan was such a great Tzaddik, they

could not understand why he was crying. Certainly his place in was guaranteed! What then should a man of such great stature fear?

ezj v ahyp kt rah rb hbhnhv sung

” Lives and endures forever

Today he’s here tomorrow he’s in his grave

His anger is everlasting

His anger is not everlasting

His imprisonment is everlasting

His imprisonment is not everlasting

His executions are everlasting

His executions are not everlasting

I cannot appease him with words

I can appease him with words

I cannot bribe him with money

I can bribe him with money

““There are 2 paths before me, one of and one of , and I do not know in which path they will lead me, should I not cry?

• R’ Yochanan ben Zakkai gave 2 reasons for crying ?• 1. He was overwhelmed by the thought of facing God.• 2. He was unsure if he was being led to or .• The students asked him for a blessing -

He said to them: May it be God’s will that the fear of heaven should be upon you like the fear of flesh and blood. I.e. May the fear that you have towards God be the same as the fear you have towards human beings.

They said to him: Is that all - • I.e. Shouldn’t we fear God more than we fear man ? • When a person sins (in private) he says: I wish no-one

has seen me. • Just as we would not sin if we know that someone is

watching us, we must always be aware that God is watching us and restrain ourselves from sinning.

At the time of his death he said to his students:

Remove all utensils because of impurity and prepare a chair for King Chizkiyahu who has come.

All utensils that are under the same roof as a dead body become impure. Seeing that he was about to die, R’ Yochanan asked to remove all utensils from the house.

King Chizkiyahu came to escort R’ Yochanan to heaven, because R’ Yochanan was a descendant of King Chizkiyahu. (R’ Saadiah Gaon)

“”

”

Fluent

Permanent

Supplication –

These

God’s name

Vertebrae Spine

Portrude–

Coin

Bow -

Is in

pain –

Looks like he is bowing down

18 –

They are 19–

Established it

• Raban Gamliel says: A person must say the full

version of Shmone Esrei every day.

• R’ Yehoshua says: A short version of Shmone Esrei.

–

• R’ Akiva says: If he is fluent with the prayer he prays all eighteen blessings and if not he prays a short version.

• R’ Eliezer says: One who makes his prayer

permanent, his prayer is not one of supplication. • R’ Yehoshua says: One who is traveling in a place of

danger says a shortened prayer.

• Shortened Prayer: God save your nation the remnant

of Israel. May their needs be before you at every “Parshat Ha’ibur”, blessed are you God who hears prayer.

‘

• If someone was riding on a donkey (and it was time to pray) he should get down and pray. If he cannot get down he should turn his face (towards Jerusalem). If he cannot turn his face he should concentrate his thoughts towards the Holy of Holies.

• When a person prays he must face towards the Beit Hamikdash. When this is not possible it is enough if he thinks in his mind that he is facing the Beit Hamikdash.

• If someone was travelling on a boat or was in

prison, he should concentrate his thoughts towards the Holy of Holies.

–”

• Rashi: Asda • (Explanation #1) - Prison• (Explanation #2) – A raft. Many pieces of wood

tied together, and one can float them on a river and can transport them from place to place similar to a boat.

• These 18 blessings (Shmone Esrei)

to what do they correspond? • R’ Hillel the son of R’ Shmuel the son of Nachmani

says: They correspond to the 18 times that God’s name appears in chapter 29 of T’hillim .

• R’ Yosef says: They correspond to the 18 times that God’s name appears in the Shma.

R’ Tanchum in the the name of R’ Yehoshua ben Levi

says: They correspond to the 18 vertebrae in the spine.

• The G’mara now gives 3 opinions of how much a

person must bow during prayer.

• R’ Tanchum says in the name of R’ Yehoshua ben

Levi: One who is praying must bow down until all the vertebrae in his spine protrude.

• Ula says: Until he can see an Isar opposite his heart.• Rashba: If an Isar coin is lying on the ground next to

your feet, one must bend down enough so that you are able to see it. Therefore, it is not enough to just bend your body, you must also bow your head.

• R’ Chanina says: It is enough to bow ones head and no more.

• This applies when one is in pain and it appears that he is bowing.

• Tosfot Harosh: R’ Chanina’s ruling applies only to the sick or elderly, since bowing all the way will cause them discomfort.

• These 18 there are actually 19? I.E. Why is it called

Shmone Esrei (18) when there are actually 19 blessings?

• R’ Levi says: The blessing about the heretics was established later in Yavne. I.e. Originally there were 18 blessings. R’ Gamliel later added a 19’th blessing cursing the .

• To what does it (19’th blessing) correspond?

• R’ Levi says: According to R’ Hillel the son of R’ Shmuel

the son of R’ Nachmani, it corresponds to the words in T’hillim 29 “ The God of glory thunders “.

• According to R’ Yosef, it corresponds to the word “one”

in Kriat Shema.

• According to R’ Tanchum in the name of R’ Yehoshua

ben Levi, it corresponds to a small vertebrae in the spine.

‘

‘

‘”

”

““

‘

Arranged

Thought of it –

Didn’t remove him –

We suspect –

Different

He made it–

Maybe

He changed–

We learn

Good -

Bad –

Seperate –

It is well –

Difficult–

Also

If so–

Some

say They did not

teach A day of mercy

• The Talmud in Megillah 17B & 18A expalins the

order that was established for the blessings in Shmone Esrei. Originally, this order was arranged by Ezra and . Over the years this order was forgotten and was reinstated by Shimon Hapakuli. (Ritva)

• The Rabbis taught: Shimon Hapakuli arranged the 18 blessings in order before Rabban Gamliel in Yavne.

He sold cotton ”

”• R’ Gamliel said to the Rabbis: Is there anyone who

knows how to make a blessing to curse the ? • Sinners who believed only in the written law. -

They would often inform on the Rabbis and cause them problems. On Rosh Chodesh they would confuse everyone by lighting fires on the mountaintops on the wrong day. In so doing, Rosh Chodesh was established on the wrong day, and the festivals were celebrated on the wrong day.

Shmuel Hakatan got up and - established it.

• The next year he forgot it and he tried to remember it

for 2 to 3 hours and they didn’t remove him (from being chazan).

• Shmuel was serving as the Chazan. When he came to , he could not remember the blessing.

• Why wasn’t he removed? -

• R’ Yehuda said in the name of Rav: If he made a

mistake in any of the blessings he is not removed, if he made a mistake in the blessing of the he is removed since we suspect that he is a ?

• Question: According to R’ Yehuda if the chazan makes a mistake in he must be removed.If Shmuel Hakatan made a mistake, why wasn’t he removed?

• Shmuel Hakatan is different since he made the blessing. Therefor we do not suspect him of being a .

• Let’s suspect that he became a ?-• We have learned that someone -

good cannot become bad.

, uga 3//2

• And not? It is written “When a righteous man turns

away from his righteousness and does evil” ?• This verse proves that a good person can become

bad! • That (verse) is talking about someone who was

originally wicked, but someone who was righteous from the start cannot become wicked.

• And not? We learn in a Mishna: ‘Do not believe in

yourself until the day you die, for Yochanan Kohen Gadol served as the High Priest for 80 years and in the end became a ? (a can become a )

• Abaye said: Yanai is Yochanan. -

• Rava said: Yanai and Yochanan are separate. Yanai

was originally wicked and Yochanan was originally righteous

• Yanai and Yochanan are names of Hashmonean kings. Yanai massacred any Rabbi who questioned him about being Kohen Gadol.

• Abaye: Yanai & Yochanan are the same person. Since he was a that is why he became a even though he was Kohen Gadol for 80 years.

• Rava: Yanai & Yochanan are two different people. Yanai was a and Yochanan was always a .

• This is well according to Abaye but according to

Rava it is difficult? Rava says: Even someone who was originally a may also become a . If so why wasn’t he removed? I.e. It’s possible that Shmuel Hakatan became a

• Shmuel Hakatan is different since he started it (the

blessing).AsR’ Yehuda said in the name of Rav, and some say it was R’ Yehoshua ben Levi: They did not teach it (that the chazan is removed) except when he did not start it, but if he started it he may finish (the Shmone Esrei)

• Conclusion• Abaye: A cannot become a .The reason

Shmuel Hakatan was not removed is because he could not possibly have become a .

• Rava: A can become a . The reason that Shmuel Hakatan was not removed is because he already started the blessing.

• Question: These 7 (blessings in Shmone Esrei) of Shabbat to what do they correspond to?

”• Answer: R’ Chalafta ben Shaul says: They

correspond to the 7 “voices” that David said (T’hillim 29) on the waters.

• In Psalm 29 the word “Kol” (voice) appears 7 times. The Torah was given on the Shabbat with thunder & loud voices. (Tosfot Harosh)

• Question: These 9 (blessings in Shmone Esrei) of Rosh Hashana to what do they correspond to?

• Answer: R’ Yitzhak from Kartignin says: They

correspond to the 9 times that Channa mentioned God’s name in her prayer. For the master said: On Rosh Hashana, Sarah, Rachel and Channa were remembered.

• In the First Book of Shmuel 2:1-10, Channa gives thanks to God after she gave birth to Shmuel. She mentions God’s name in her prayer 9 times. According to the Midrash it was decreed on Rosh Hashana that Sarah, Rachel and Channa would have a child within the year.

• Question: These 24 (blessings in Shmone Esrei) of

Fast Days to what do they correspond to?• In times of drought the Rabbis decreed public fast

days. 6 extra blessings were added to the Shmone Esrei.

• Answer: R’ Chelbo said: They correspond to the 24

expressions of song that Shlomo said when he placed the Ark into the Holy of Holies.

• If so lets say 24 every day ? • When did Shlomo say it? On a day of mercy, we too

say them on a day of mercy. –”• Shlomo had to ask for mercy because the gates

stuck together and they couldn’t place the Ark into the Holy of Holies, as is mentioned in Moed Katan 9a.

”‘

““

Condemned

One who –

Who prays –

–

Object

Let’s say it–

By itself –

Do we do–

That now –

What’s the reason –

8–

Let’s include it–

Winter –

He will come –

Confused–

Since it comes –

Here–

A mistake is –

different

• G’mara’s Question: What does mean? • Rav says: We shorten each and every blessing. I.e. Each of

the middle 13 blessings is shortened so that what is left are 13 short blessings.

‘• Shmuel says: God give us understanding to know your ways

etc… I.e. According to Shmuel the 13 middle blessings are condensed into 1 blessing.

‘

‘

• Abaye condemned anyone who prayed .

• Tosafot:This is how we rule. Some books conclude

that this (Abaye’s ruling) only applies in the city but while travelling it is permitted as we learn from R’ Yosef.

• Abaye only condemned those who said under normal circumstances but in an emergency he agrees that may be said.

R’ Nachman said in the name of Shmuel: All year, one

may recite except for Arvit at the conclusion of Shabbat and the conclusion of holidays, because one must say Havdala in the blessing of .

”” Raba bar Shmuel asks: Say it (Havdala) as a 4’th

blessing seperately ? Do we not learn in a Mishna: R’ Akiva says, say it (Havdala) as a 4’th blessing seperately. R’ Eliezer says, (say it) in . (in the blessing of )

• According to R’ Nachman we cannot say on or because we must add Havdala into the Shmone Esrei. Raba bar Shmuel suggests that we follow R’ Akiva’s opinion and add Havdala as a separate blessing.

• All year long do we follow R’ Akiva that now we

should follow him!

• All year long why don’t we follow R’Akiva? • 18 (blessings) were established and not 19, here

also 7 were established and not 8. ‘

• Mar Zutra asks: Lets include it (in the ). Give

us understanding God who seperates between holy and secular etc…

• It’s a difficulty -

• Rabbeinu Yonah: Every phrase in corresponds to one of the blessings in Shmone Esrei. Adding a phrase for Havdala would give the impression that we are following R’ Akiva and Havdala is a separate blessing.

• R’ Bivi bar Abaye said: All year, one may recite

except for during the winter, because one must say in the blessing of .

• Mar Zutra asks: Lets include it (in the ) ? He will get confused -

• If so adding Havdala in the blessing of will

also cause him to be confused?• Question: When it was suggested to add Havdala into

the the G’mara said Now that we are suggesting to add in the the G’mara answers . Why didn’t the G’mara say for ???

• They said: There (adding Havdala) comes at the

beginning of the prayer he will not be confused. Here () since it comes in the middle of the prayer he will become confused.

• R’ Ashi asks: Lets say it () in the blessing of ?

• R’ Tanchum said in the name of R’ Asi: If,

accidentally, one did not say in the blessing of he must go back (repeat the Shmone Esrei). (If he did not say) in the blessing of he does not have to go back since he can say it in the blessing of . (If he did not say) Havdala in the blessing of he does not have to go back since he can say it later over a cup.

• Tzlach: Adding something at the end of Shmone Esrei (at ) will not cause one to become confused.

• R’ Ashi suggests that we add at the end of just as the Breita suggests when one has forgotten to say it in .

• A mistake is different -

• One can only insert in the blessing of if it was omitted accidentally.

Oops! I forgot to

say

‘

‘

‘

‘

‘

‘

‘

Match the correct word from the left hand column to the right hand

column