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Thayer Vietnam's Armed Forces Domestic and External Roles

May 30, 2018

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    etnam s

    rme

    orces:

    ProfessorCarlThayer

    ResearchSeminar,

    School

    of

    Humanities

    and

    Social

    Sciences

    AustralianDefence ForceAcademy

    Can erra,29Octo er2009

  • 8/14/2019 Thayer Vietnam's Armed Forces Domestic and External Roles

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    Vietnams Armed Forces: Domestic and External Roles

    Professor Carl ThayerHASS Research Seminar, 29 October 2009

  • 8/14/2019 Thayer Vietnam's Armed Forces Domestic and External Roles

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    (ANU)

    chaptersinMuthiah

    Alagappas2001

    study

    Vietnam:FromRevolutionaryHeroesto

    RedEntrepreneurs

    by

    ThaveepornVasavakul

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    communistsystems

    in

    general

    roleelites

    The militar has olitical re resentation in the

    Party,Stateandsociety

    Part arm relations a ear stable over time

    Butfluctuationsinthemilitaryspoliticalinfluence do occur

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    Militar

    Re resentationon

    the

    CentralCommittee,19862006

    Congress VPA Percent

    6 1986 9o 124 7.3

    7th 1991 13of

    146 8.9%

    8th 1996 17of170 10.0%

    9th 2001 14of150 9.3%

    10th 2006 17of160 10.6%

    .

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    10thPartyCongress200610thPartyCongress2006

    ToHuy

    Rua

    appointed

    in

    2009

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    Active Duty Military Are Elected to thea ona ssem y

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    Withdrawalfrom

    Cambodia

    (Sept

    1989)

    Collapse

    of

    socialism

    in

    Europe

    and

    s n egra ono e ov e n on

    Peacefulevolutionanddepoliticizationofthe

    m aryv ewe

    as

    one

    o

    e

    ma n

    causes

    AsianFinancialCrisis,199798

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    1992971987-92

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    199720011988-91

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    (militaryintelligence)

    implicatedinwiretappingo Po it uromembers

    th

    CentralCommitteerebukesDefence

    Ministerand

    Chief

    of

    theGeneralStaff LeKhaPhieuisreplacedbyNon Duc Manh as Part

    SecretaryGeneral

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    Militar

    Re resentation

    on

    the

    PolitburoReducedbyHalf

    Congress VPA Percent

    .

    7th 1991 2of13 15.4%

    8 1996 2o 19 10.5%

    9th 2001 1of15 6.7%

    10th 2006 1of

    14 7.1%

    average 11%

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    ThaveepornVasavakul

    concluded:

    sharingandcontinuedpartycontrolofthearmy

    VPAtoberunbypoliticalgeneralswhowouldnotbecomes okes ersonsfor rofessionalofficers

    VPAwasredandentrepreneurandwouldcontinuetoplayimportantroleinnationaldevelopment

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    ofthe

    military

    remained

    unchanged

    ConsensusVPAshouldcontinuetoplay

    rolein

    state

    building

    Economicdevelopmentandglobal

    nationalsecuritypolicy

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    Internationaldefence

    cooperation

    o a n egra on

    Divestiture

    of

    military

    run

    business

    enterprises Economicdevelopmentandnationalsecurity

    intertwinedinSouthChinaSea

    Forcemodernisation

    Technologydriverofmilitaryprofessionalism

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    Commercialoperations,

    joint

    ventures

    conom c e ence ones

    economy

    and

    defence

    should

    be

    combined MilitaryProfessionalism

    Greateremphasisoneducationalrequirements

    Militaryand

    Society

    Conscri tionanddefenceeducation

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    9construction

    units

    converted

    to

    corporations

    or

    By1993:335MOEsincluding67jointventures

    rs waveo res ruc ur ng =

    SecondwaveofrestructuringN=164

    4 P enum

    Jan2007

    ivestiture

    y

    2012

    Nationalsecurityenterprisesexempted

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    phong)established

    1998

    Boostsocioeconomicdevelopmentand

    strategicandborderareas

    Createclusters

    of

    villages

    to

    form

    a

    belt

    along

    theborder

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    Economic-Defence

    Khu Kinh Te-Quoc Phong

    1. Muong Cha, Lai Chau2. Song Ma, Lai Chau and

    Son La3. Bat Xat, Lao Cai4. Xin Man, Ha Giang5. Ky Son, Nghe An

    6. a a - n uocBinh Doan 157. Tan Hong, Dong Thap

    conom c- e ence ones ntotal

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    Educationalrequirements

    for

    entry

    into

    cer orps

    Ageand

    time

    in

    rank

    requirements

    for

    promotion

    AfterApril2000,allofficersmusthavea

    universitydegree

    or

    equivalent

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    Eligibilityand

    length

    of

    service

    lowered

    e ence uca on

    Compulsoryatseniorhighschool&university

    MilitaryIntelligence(GeneralDirectorateII)

    Allegationsofdomesticpoliticalinterference

    Disasterassistance

    and

    relief

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    General

    Directorate

    II

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    mp ca e nw re

    tappingin

    2001

    allegationsof

    retiredgeneralsVo

    NguyenGiapand

    NguyenNam

    Khanh

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    ecur y a enges

    DefenceEx enditureandProcurements

    FuturePlans

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    Threatof

    peaceful

    evolution

    Bor er, an an maritime isputes

    East

    Sea Nontraditionalthreats

    Illegaldrugtrafficking,weaponssmuggling,piracy,

    transnationalorganised crime,

    terrorism,

    illegal

    migration,environmentaldegradation

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    ff h r il Pl f rm

  • 8/14/2019 Thayer Vietnam's Armed Forces Domestic and External Roles

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    MaritimeStrategyto2020

    ExxonMobileChinaapplies

    pressureonforeignoilcompaniestostop

    exploration

    and

    development

    Vietnamagreesto

    jointdevelopment

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    DefenceExpenditureUSD

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    Upgrade T-54/55

    Tanks

    M113 APCs

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    Overhauland

    upgradingof Su-22sand MiG-

    21s

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    -

    FLANKER-

    30MK2V

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    Two batteries S-300 PMU1 SAM

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    4 TarantulI I + 2 TarantulV Corvettes

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    , ,

    surface(AS

    18)

    missiles

    Surfacetoairmissiles(S300PMU1)

    Airdefenceradars

    TwokitsBPS500missilecorvettes

    Assemble8

    Tarantul

    V

    (Molnya)

    Corvettes

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    Possiblecontribution

    to

    UN

    Peacekeeping

    e ca orm nec earance

    More

    self

    reliant

    national

    defence

    industryCoproductionandoffsetagreements

    PurchaseofuptosixProject636Kiloclass

    dieselpowered

    submarines

    PackagevaluedatUS$3billion

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    Subordinationto

    the

    party

    Qualityofciviliangovernance

    Higheconomicgrowthrates

    Administrativereformsofstateapparatus

    Generalpolitical

    stability

    Divestitureofmilitaryownedenterprises

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    Corporateinterests

    Militaryprofessionalism

    nternat ona n uences

    SocialisationwithinASEAN

    Socialisationwithin

    ASEAN

    Regional

    Forum

    Greaterinternationalmilitaryengagement

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    symbiosisto

    conditional

    compliance

    defenceensuresbroadroleinsociety

    a,se e encean reserves

    Defenceeducation

    Lessentrepreneurial/commercial

    orientation

    Postglobalfinancialcrisis

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    NguyenKhacNguyenKhacPhung Quang

    Thanh

    Phung Quang

    Thanh

    LeVanDung

    Head

    oftheGeneralStaff

    oftheGeneralStaff

    n steroNationalDefence

    n steroNationalDefence

    eneraPolitical

    De artment

    Generals Promote Militar Professionalism

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    Tradeoffbetweensizeofregulararmedforcesandtechnologicalmodernisation

    old rofessionalism

    Externaldefence task=militaryprofessionalism

    ex ertise

    res onsibilit

    cor orateness

    newprofessionalism

    overmilitary

    in

    assignment

    of

    domestic

    roles

    ,professional

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    Vietnams Armed Forces: Domestic and External Roles