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etnam s
rme
orces:
ProfessorCarlThayer
ResearchSeminar,
School
of
Humanities
and
Social
Sciences
AustralianDefence ForceAcademy
Can erra,29Octo er2009
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Vietnams Armed Forces: Domestic and External Roles
Professor Carl ThayerHASS Research Seminar, 29 October 2009
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(ANU)
chaptersinMuthiah
Alagappas2001
study
Vietnam:FromRevolutionaryHeroesto
RedEntrepreneurs
by
ThaveepornVasavakul
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communistsystems
in
general
roleelites
The militar has olitical re resentation in the
Party,Stateandsociety
Part arm relations a ear stable over time
Butfluctuationsinthemilitaryspoliticalinfluence do occur
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Militar
Re resentationon
the
CentralCommittee,19862006
Congress VPA Percent
6 1986 9o 124 7.3
7th 1991 13of
146 8.9%
8th 1996 17of170 10.0%
9th 2001 14of150 9.3%
10th 2006 17of160 10.6%
.
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10thPartyCongress200610thPartyCongress2006
ToHuy
Rua
appointed
in
2009
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Active Duty Military Are Elected to thea ona ssem y
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Withdrawalfrom
Cambodia
(Sept
1989)
Collapse
of
socialism
in
Europe
and
s n egra ono e ov e n on
Peacefulevolutionanddepoliticizationofthe
m aryv ewe
as
one
o
e
ma n
causes
AsianFinancialCrisis,199798
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1992971987-92
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199720011988-91
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(militaryintelligence)
implicatedinwiretappingo Po it uromembers
th
CentralCommitteerebukesDefence
Ministerand
Chief
of
theGeneralStaff LeKhaPhieuisreplacedbyNon Duc Manh as Part
SecretaryGeneral
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Militar
Re resentation
on
the
PolitburoReducedbyHalf
Congress VPA Percent
.
7th 1991 2of13 15.4%
8 1996 2o 19 10.5%
9th 2001 1of15 6.7%
10th 2006 1of
14 7.1%
average 11%
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ThaveepornVasavakul
concluded:
sharingandcontinuedpartycontrolofthearmy
VPAtoberunbypoliticalgeneralswhowouldnotbecomes okes ersonsfor rofessionalofficers
VPAwasredandentrepreneurandwouldcontinuetoplayimportantroleinnationaldevelopment
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ofthe
military
remained
unchanged
ConsensusVPAshouldcontinuetoplay
rolein
state
building
Economicdevelopmentandglobal
nationalsecuritypolicy
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Internationaldefence
cooperation
o a n egra on
Divestiture
of
military
run
business
enterprises Economicdevelopmentandnationalsecurity
intertwinedinSouthChinaSea
Forcemodernisation
Technologydriverofmilitaryprofessionalism
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Commercialoperations,
joint
ventures
conom c e ence ones
economy
and
defence
should
be
combined MilitaryProfessionalism
Greateremphasisoneducationalrequirements
Militaryand
Society
Conscri tionanddefenceeducation
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9construction
units
converted
to
corporations
or
By1993:335MOEsincluding67jointventures
rs waveo res ruc ur ng =
SecondwaveofrestructuringN=164
4 P enum
Jan2007
ivestiture
y
2012
Nationalsecurityenterprisesexempted
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phong)established
1998
Boostsocioeconomicdevelopmentand
strategicandborderareas
Createclusters
of
villages
to
form
a
belt
along
theborder
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Economic-Defence
Khu Kinh Te-Quoc Phong
1. Muong Cha, Lai Chau2. Song Ma, Lai Chau and
Son La3. Bat Xat, Lao Cai4. Xin Man, Ha Giang5. Ky Son, Nghe An
6. a a - n uocBinh Doan 157. Tan Hong, Dong Thap
conom c- e ence ones ntotal
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Educationalrequirements
for
entry
into
cer orps
Ageand
time
in
rank
requirements
for
promotion
AfterApril2000,allofficersmusthavea
universitydegree
or
equivalent
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Eligibilityand
length
of
service
lowered
e ence uca on
Compulsoryatseniorhighschool&university
MilitaryIntelligence(GeneralDirectorateII)
Allegationsofdomesticpoliticalinterference
Disasterassistance
and
relief
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General
Directorate
II
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mp ca e nw re
tappingin
2001
allegationsof
retiredgeneralsVo
NguyenGiapand
NguyenNam
Khanh
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ecur y a enges
DefenceEx enditureandProcurements
FuturePlans
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Threatof
peaceful
evolution
Bor er, an an maritime isputes
East
Sea Nontraditionalthreats
Illegaldrugtrafficking,weaponssmuggling,piracy,
transnationalorganised crime,
terrorism,
illegal
migration,environmentaldegradation
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ff h r il Pl f rm
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MaritimeStrategyto2020
ExxonMobileChinaapplies
pressureonforeignoilcompaniestostop
exploration
and
development
Vietnamagreesto
jointdevelopment
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DefenceExpenditureUSD
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Upgrade T-54/55
Tanks
M113 APCs
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Overhauland
upgradingof Su-22sand MiG-
21s
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-
FLANKER-
30MK2V
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Two batteries S-300 PMU1 SAM
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4 TarantulI I + 2 TarantulV Corvettes
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, ,
surface(AS
18)
missiles
Surfacetoairmissiles(S300PMU1)
Airdefenceradars
TwokitsBPS500missilecorvettes
Assemble8
Tarantul
V
(Molnya)
Corvettes
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Possiblecontribution
to
UN
Peacekeeping
e ca orm nec earance
More
self
reliant
national
defence
industryCoproductionandoffsetagreements
PurchaseofuptosixProject636Kiloclass
dieselpowered
submarines
PackagevaluedatUS$3billion
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Subordinationto
the
party
Qualityofciviliangovernance
Higheconomicgrowthrates
Administrativereformsofstateapparatus
Generalpolitical
stability
Divestitureofmilitaryownedenterprises
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Corporateinterests
Militaryprofessionalism
nternat ona n uences
SocialisationwithinASEAN
Socialisationwithin
ASEAN
Regional
Forum
Greaterinternationalmilitaryengagement
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symbiosisto
conditional
compliance
defenceensuresbroadroleinsociety
a,se e encean reserves
Defenceeducation
Lessentrepreneurial/commercial
orientation
Postglobalfinancialcrisis
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NguyenKhacNguyenKhacPhung Quang
Thanh
Phung Quang
Thanh
LeVanDung
Head
oftheGeneralStaff
oftheGeneralStaff
n steroNationalDefence
n steroNationalDefence
eneraPolitical
De artment
Generals Promote Militar Professionalism
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Tradeoffbetweensizeofregulararmedforcesandtechnologicalmodernisation
old rofessionalism
Externaldefence task=militaryprofessionalism
ex ertise
res onsibilit
cor orateness
newprofessionalism
overmilitary
in
assignment
of
domestic
roles
,professional
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Vietnams Armed Forces: Domestic and External Roles