Thane Heins Manning Innovation Nomination

Page 1 of 45

Manning Innovation Award

Preface

Who is Thane Heins Thane Heins is the President CEO and Founder of Potential Difference Inc (PDI) Thane

left the restaurant business and joined the high tech industry in 1999 when he sold his successful Old Towne Hall Tea Room when he began becoming aware and concerned regarding issues of earth sustainability in the areas of energy water and food Thane has never considered himself to be an uninvolved ldquoinnocentrdquo bystander and was a member of the Green Party of Ontario and ran in a Provincial Election in his riding of Renfrew Nippissing Pembroke in order to make his growing environmental concerns known and heard He also ran in a Federal Election as an independent candidate and was the Vice President of his student council in College Thane is married and the father of five children What is Thane Heinsrsquo Innovation Thane Heinsrsquos innovation is called Regenerative Acceleration Generator Technology and represents a reversal of several currently accepted laws of physics in electricity and magnetism Regenerative Acceleration Generator Technology now allows electric vehicles to continually recharge their batteries which is something no other non-hybrid ndash pure electric EV can do The exact final magnitude of recharge capability has not yet been determined but 76 recharge capacity has already been established 100 recharge capacity would completely eliminate the need for EV grid plug-in recharging What is Potential Difference Inc and what is it doing with the innovation PDI is a CleantechEnergy RampD

intellectual property development company which was founded by Thane Heins and incorporated in 2005 Initial PDI research began in the area of flywheel energy storage in collaboration with Dr Paul Allaire at the University of Virginias Rotating Machines and Controls Laboratory (ROMAC) PDI was invited to move its research into a satellite lab at the University of Ottawa in 2008 following a successful Regenerative Acceleration Generator Technology demonstration at MIT PDIs technologies were further developed and refined under the supervision of Dr Riadh Habash in Ottawa Universityrsquos power lab PDI is currently licensing or negotiating Regenerative Acceleration Generator Technology licenses in India Europe USA Canada and South America

Page 2 of 45

Contents

Innovation Summary ndash 8

Complete Innovation Description ndash 9

Technical Information - 9

Inductor LR Time Constant ndash 10

Independent Verification ndash 10

Mathematical Explanation ndash 12

Critical Minimum Frequency ndash 13

Creating Generator Acceleration ndash 13

Intellectual Achievement ndash 14

Intellectual Process ndash 14

Experimental Process ndash 15

Innovation Uniqueness - 20

Chronological Listing of Events amp Challenges ndash 21

Prototype Development Overview ndash 25

Commercial Success ndash 27

Broad Acceptance and Recognition ndash 28

Industry Statements and Colleague Comments - 29

Innovation Funding - 45

Research Facilities ampTechnical Experts - 45

Acknowledgements ndash 46

Social Economic amp Environmental Benefits ndash 47

Epilogue - 43 Resume of Thane Christopher Heins

Page 3 of 45

Innovation Summary

The innovation being presented is a new type of more efficient generator design which does not create ldquomagnetic frictionrdquo when the generator is delivering power to a load (such as a light bulb) When any electric generator delivers power to a load a magnetic field is produced inside the generator This magnetic field creates an electromagnetic form of friction (called counter-electromotive force or counter-electromotive torque) which is explained by a law of physics called Lenzrsquos Law and Newtonrsquos Third Law which simply states ldquoFor every action there is an equal and opposite reactionrdquo

This means for every one Watt of energy produced by any conventional generator - more than one Watt of energy has to be put back in to the prime mover input to keep the generator turning or it will decelerate and the generator output will decrease and the lights will eventually go out The input energy can be fossil fuels wind water steam etc or anything that makes the generator turn to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy The thing that turns the generator is called the prime mover The prime mover input energy which makes the generator turn always has to be greater than the output to account for the energy losses in the system and because of the generator created magnetic friction If $100 worth of energy comes out $115 worth of energy (or more) must go in This magnetic friction can actually be useful and is currently employed in some electric vehiclesrsquo generators to recharge the EVrsquos batteries while simultaneously slowing down (braking) the vehicle The innovation developed by Potential Difference Inc reverses this counter-electromotive forcefriction produced inside the electric generator and creates a complimentary-electromotive force or torque in its place which assists the generatorrsquos rotation and adds to the torque supplied by the prime mover rather than resisting or diminishing it as per the conventional generator paradigm

When the Potential Difference Regenerative Acceleration generator delivers power to a load the generator responds by creating a complementary force or torque to that supplied by the prime mover and the system accelerates rather than decelerates Because the generator and prime mover are working in harmony rather than opposing each other the input power required by the prime mover must be reduced if a set speed is desired

Page 4 of 45

In the conventional generator paradigm

1 As the electrical power delivered by the generator to the load is increased 2 The input power delivered to the prime mover must also be increased accordingly 3 The more energy that is produced the more it costs in input energy supplied

Whereas in the Potential Difference generator paradigm

1 As the electrical power delivered by the generator to the load is increased 2 The input power delivered to the prime mover must be reduced accordingly 3 The more energy that is produced the less it costs in input energy supplied

ldquoRegenerative Brakingrdquo or ldquoKinetic Energy Recovery Systemrdquo (KERS) are the terms normally used to describe the conventional mode of recovering the energy stored in a moving vehicle as inertia Both of these inertia recovery systems decelerate the vehicle as a result of their operation Regenerative braking refers to a generator converting electric vehicle inertia into electrical energy for the batteries while KERS refers to storing vehicle inertia in a flywheel (mechanical battery) for later use ldquoRegenerative Accelerationrdquo Generator Technology (ReGenX) or ldquoKinetic Energy Generating Systemrdquo (KEGS) are the terms used to describe the mode of generating kinetic energy while simultaneously generating electrical energy For electric vehicles this means increased range and less recharging and for fossil fuel vehicles this means less fuel consumption and less green house gas emissions For all other forms of electrical energy production it means a significantly more abundant supply of output power with much less harmful forms of energy input (fossil fuel coal nuclear) required and cheaper energy costs across the entire energy spectrum for consumers

Complete Innovation Description Technical Information

This innovation description explains to how the Regenerative Acceleration Generator and now all generators can now be made to create electricity and system acceleration instead of electricity and system deceleration The quick solution is to employ 1) a high impedance generator coil and 2) operate the generator at a certain minimum operational frequency at which point the generator coil will cease to operate as an inductor and begin to operate as a capacitor

This operational paradigm shift is achieved by delaying the generator coilrsquos ability to allow current to flow until the right moment A conventional generator coilrsquos ability to produce a repelling magnetic field and perform in accordance with Lenzrsquos Law and Newtonrsquos Third Law relies on one critically important ingredient and that ingredient is electric current flow Because of the design properties and operational parameters of a conventional generator inductor coil current flow and repelling magnetic field production are virtually synonymous Current flow in a conventional generator coil is continuous as is the production of magnetic friction inside the generator Conventional generator coils always operate as inductors in conventional generators

Page 5 of 45

An inductor stores energy in the external magnetic field around the coil and it is this magnetic field that creates the ldquomagnetic frictionrdquo inside the generator because it is equal and opposite in nature to the applied magnetic field which induces the original voltage and current Classically this is understood according to the law of Physics called Lenzrsquos Law When a magnet approaches a coil of wire and current flows in the coil the coil produces its own (equal and opposite repelling) magnetic field which has the same magnetic polarity as the approaching magnet In order to keep the magnet approaching the coil additional energy must be applied to overcome the coilrsquos induced repelling magnetic field that is trying to push back on the magnet as it approaches A capacitor on the other hand stores energy internally in the electrostatic field and does not produce the external magnetic field that is required to create the ldquomagnetic frictionrdquo As the magnet approaches the Regenerative Acceleration Generator coil above a certain frequency electric current flow is restricted by the coilrsquos frequency dictated impedance (AC resistance)

Zt = 2 pi F L + Rdc

where Zt is the total coil impedance F is the frequency L is the coil inductance Rdc is the DC resistance of the coil When a critical operational frequency parameter is reached in the Regenerative Acceleration Generator coil the coil stores energy as a capacitor internally as voltage in the electrostatic field and no current flows in the generator coil or the load No current flow also means no repelling magnetic field production When the magnet reaches top dead centre and is neither approaching nor receding from the coil the coil frequency drops to zero and the coil impedance drops to the coilrsquos DC resistance - which is low enough to now allow current to flow This delayed current flow then produces a maximum magnitude repelling magnetic field which pushes away on the

now already receding magnet with great force (and acceleration) while attracting the opposite rotor magnet Inductor LR Time Constant and Delaying Current and Reversing Generator Magnetic Friction

This portion of the Technical Discussion pertains to the amount of time it takes to create the time delay mentioned above for any generator coil allow current to flow and to induce a repelling magnetic field when in the vicinity of a magnetic field It is supported by independent empirical evidence as presented in the two Dutch Electrical Engineer videos below which are included in the video files attached All generator coils produce an equal and opposite repelling magnetic field the only difference between a

conventional generator coil and a Regenerative Acceleration Generator coil is

The conventional generator coil produces a virtually instantaneous and continuous repelling magnetic field and pushes back on the approaching magnetic field 100 of the time

The Regenerative Acceleration Generator coil does not produce a repelling magnetic field when the magnetic field is approaching

The repelling magnetic field is stored and delayed inside the coil capacitance of the Regenerative Acceleration Generator coil

As the operational frequency is increased the current flow decreases in direct proportion to the increase in impedancendash if the frequency increase is high enough current flow will completely cease

When the operational frequency of a generator coil is increased the AC impedance of the coil also increases because

Page 6 of 45

It only produces a repelling magnetic field when the magnetic field is already moving away from the coil so the result is an acceleration of the magnetic field away from the coil

Video 1 Independent Regenerative Acceleration Generator Replication by Dutch Electrical Engineer

This video explains how to create a generator which accelerates when a load is applied It also shows the system operating in conventional (decelerative) mode and then the Regenerative Acceleration mode

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=B750RHM9hTc Explanation of LR Time Constant and how it Contributes to Generator Acceleration When a coil of wire is passed through a magnetic field a voltage is induced in that coil of wire according to Michael Faradayrsquos Law of Induction When the coil is connected to a load and the circuit is closed current will flow through the coil and through the load The speed at which the coil passes through the magnetic field dictates the frequency of the voltage and current induced in the coil but because the generator coil is an inductor ndash current does not flow instantly and is delayed for a certain period of time The amount of time delay is dictated by the LR Time Constant of the coil where L is the coil inductance and R is the coil resistance The Time Constant formula in a RL circuit is

R is the resistance (in ohms) L is the inductance (in henries) and the time constant τ (in seconds)

When a magnet is passed by any generator coil there is a delay in the risefall time of the coil which is caused by the back-EMF from the inductorgenerator coil As the current flowing through the coil tries to change but the

back-EMF prevents the current from rising or falling The rise time takes five time-constants to complete

The graph below shows that for any inductor it takes 1 Time Constant for the current flow in the coil to reach 632 of its final value This also means that the coil is producing 632 of its repelling magnetic field 993 is reached at 5 Time Constants

Page 7 of 45

Diagram 1 Generator Coil Current Rise Time Time Constant

The mathematical explanation below will show that a conventional generator coilrsquos Time Constant is very FAST

and therefore the coilrsquos ability to allow current flow and produce repelling magnetic field production is also very fast

Conversely the Time Constant for a Regenerative Acceleration Generator coil is very SLOW ndash almost 10 times

greater than a conventional coil

This means that a Regenerative Acceleration Generator coil cannot react fast enough to allow current to flow in

the coil If current cannot flow then the coil cannot produce a repelling magnetic field either The only alternative for the coil is to store the approaching magnetic field energy as voltage inside the coilrsquos capacitance Once the approaching magnetic field is no longer approaching ie at top dead centre this stored voltage can be dissipated through the low DC resistance of the coil and a large delayed repelling magnetic field can be produced - pushing

away on the already receding magnet and accelerating its departure away from the generator coil

Video 2 Mathematical Explanation concerning LR Time Constant which contributes to acceleration

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=b9bCAMWetL8

Time Constant example for a ldquoFastrdquo conventional generator

If we take the variables from a conventional generator (from the demonstration video above) we can see how the Time Constant varies dramatically between a ldquofastrdquo conventional coil and a ldquoslowrdquo Regenerative Acceleration Generator coil Conventional Generator Time Constant amp Coil Parameters L = 106 mH Rdc = 211 ohms Rload = 200 ohms ___L___ = ________106 mH ______ Rtotal 211 ohms + 200 ohms Time Constant = 047 mSec

Page 8 of 45

As we can see from the above time constant of 047 mSec the conventional coil has produced 632 of the total magnetic drag possible This value is very fast and it shows why the conventional generator can easily create virtually instantaneous magnetic drag

Regenerative Acceleration Generator Coil Time Constant amp Coil Parameters

L = 2182 H Rdc = 3845 ohms Rload = 200 ohms ___L___ = ________2182 H ______ Rtotal 3845 ohms + 200 ohms Time Constant = 373 mSec

As we can see from the above time constant of 373 mSec the Regenerative Acceleration Generator coil has produced 632 of the total magnetic drag possible This value is very slow and it shows why the Regenerative Acceleration Generator cannot allow current flow or produce magnetic drag or friction

A Time Constant Comparison between a conventional generator coil (047 mSec) and a Regenerative Acceleration generator coil (373 mSec) reveals that the Regenerative Acceleration Generator coilrsquos Time Constant (or reaction time) is almost 10 times greater If we continue to add maximum load (more light bulbs etc) the Regenerative Acceleration Generator the Time Constant continues to increase to 568 mSec

Coil Parameters

Inductance

L (henries)

Resistance

Rdc (ohms)

Resistance

Rload (ohms)

Resistance

Rtotal (ohms)

Frequency

Hz (hertz)

Time

Constant

τ (Seconds)

System

Reaction w

Loading

Conventional Generator Coil

106 mH

211 ohms

200 ohms

2211 ohms

50 Hz

046 mSec

System

Deceleration

Regenerative Acceleration Generator Coil

2182 H

3845 ohms

200 ohms

5845 ohms

50 Hz

373 mSec

System

Deceleration

Regenerative Acceleration Generator Coil

2182 H

3845 ohms

200 ohms

5845 ohms

100 Hz

373 mSec

System

Acceleration

Regenerative Acceleration Generator Coil

2182 H

3845 ohms

00 ohms

(infinite load)

5845 ohms

100 Hz

568 mSec

Maximum System

Acceleration

Page 9 of 45

Table 1 System Reaction for Conventional Generator Coil VS Regenerative Acceleration Generator Coil

The table above shows the coil parameters required to create a generator coil which accelerates on-load (when a load is applied) As can be seen from the graph it is not enough to just employ a Regenerative Acceleration Generator coil it must also be employed above the a minimum frequency where the coil impedance really takes effect Critical Minimum Frequency The Critical Minimum Frequency is the coil operating frequency which dictates the coil reaction The coil reaction determines whether or not the coil creates on-load acceleration or deceleration A Regenerative Acceleration Generator coil that is operating below the critical minimum frequency will decelerate on-load as per a conventional generator coil Creating On-Load Regenerative Acceleration Generator Coil Acceleration

In order to produce generator on-load acceleration the generator coil must operate above the critical minimum frequency that is specific to that coil Changing the physical parameters of the coil will change its critical minimum frequency by raising or lowering it Intellectual Achievement

ldquoGood science is good observationrdquo

It was discoveredobserved (purely by accident) that a high impedance generator coil operating above a certain frequency will accelerate on-load rather than decelerate as per a conventional generator coil and as dictated by Lenzrsquos Law A conventional generator coil is a low impedance high current coil and is deliberately designed to conduct maximum current flow As a result it also produces a maximum repelling magnetic field A Regenerative Acceleration Generator coil is a high impedance high voltage coil and is deliberately designed to conduct minimum current flow while the magnet is approaching the coil but maximum current flow once the magnet is Top Dead Centre (TDC) to the coil ndash (neither approaching nor receding) The high impedance coil when operated above a certain frequency will produce a maximum repelling magnetic field albeit delayed until TDC Intellectual Process Originally the Regenerative Acceleration Generator prototypes could only produce system Acceleration (positive kinetic energy) but no real useable electrical power

Page 10 of 45

Because a Regenerative Acceleration coil is a low current coil it produces high voltage but low current High current is required to produce useful electrical work such as recharging batteries or lighting lights etc Producing positive kinetic energy could only be useful if it could be married to a conventional high current generator coil which produces useful electrical power and if the Regenerative Acceleration Generator coil was used to reduce or negate the conventional generatorrsquos decelerative effects The Big If

If this could be accomplished it would mean that the energy and cost that needs to be returned to the prime mover to keep the conventional generator going when on-load could be offset somewhat and energy savings could be realized

Experimental Process amp Innovation Evolution Generator design requirements for the ldquoreal worldrdquo dictated that the generator produce real useable power in a package that closely resembled the current generator designs as possible A convenient retrofit needed to be developed that did not place too great a burden on end users Prototype 1

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=Ps5BqEiFK74

Prototype 1 was a marriage between a pair of conventional generator coils and a pair of Regenerative Acceleration Generator Coils The ldquobest of both worldsrdquo operation was the desired outcome Step 1 The idea was to load the conventional generator coils with a regular light bulb and create system deceleration as expected Step 2 Then when the Regenerative Acceleration Coils were engaged the system was supposed to accelerate under identical load and identical input power conditions as the conventional generator with absolutely no increase in power to the prime mover The prime mover in this case was an induction motor and if the current increased even one iota during the test it would denote a failure in the performance and the design Likewise if the current decreased while the system speed and generator output increased it would mean a experimental success

Page 11 of 45

Prototype 1 Success = 300 More With 43 Less But With One Slight Performance Flaw As desired Prototype 1 decelerated in conventional generator mode and accelerated in Regenerative Acceleration Mode while the current (and power) to the prime mover both decreased One IP Performance Flaw is One Too Many

Potential Difference Inc (PDI) is an intellectual property development and licensing company PDIrsquos mandate is to develop technology IP and then license that technology As a result it is incumbent on PDI to ensure that the IP being licensed is the most up to date and current version possible to protect the interests of our developmental licensing partners and investors Prototype 1 - The Flaw

Because the conventional generator coil and Regenerative Acceleration Generator coil were placed on the same core the discharging magnetic fieldflux from the Regenerative Acceleration Generator coil was in the opposite direction to the flux flowing into the conventional generator coil The result was that when the Regenerative Acceleration Generator coil was engaged the system accelerated which was good but the output power to the load dropped which was bad Not bad in the sense that the technology didnrsquot work but bad in the sense that an IP improvement could possibly be made by someone else if PDI ceased development there The onus was on PDI to make the improvement or risk having the technology usurped by an outside party Prototype 2 ndash The Solution httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=FmFbINO0dCU

Prototype 2 was ultimately a success but it went through many iterations before its final design destination as Prototype 6

Ultimately the Regenerative Acceleration Generator coil outperformed the conventional generator coil and produced 300 more usable electrical power to the

load while requiring 43 less power to be delivered to the prime mover

In real world terms this would mean 300 more power delivered

to the grid with 43 less green house gasses or nuclear waste

The solution to Prototype 1rsquos performance shortcoming was to reconfigure the physical arrangement of the Regenerative Acceleration Generator coil and the conventional generator coil such that the direction of discharging flux from the Regenerative Acceleration Generator coil would be in the same direction as the flux

going into the conventional generator coil

Page 12 of 45

Prototype 3 ndash Prototype 2 but with a DC Prime Mover

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=3X5FvSVdf58

Prototype 4 ndash Further Enhancements and Video Demo for NASA Goddard

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=WXKO8r-3xrw

Prototype 4 ndash Prototype Design and Performance Explanation for NASA

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=czXmazZ4obs

Experimental Process amp IP Commercialization Genesis

Regenerative Acceleration Generator Technology IP commercialization began when California Diesel and Power requested a prototype to be built so that it could be tested and validated at their own facility in Sacramento CA Their plan was to use the generator technology in an electric vehicle entry and to compete in the ten million dollar Automotive X Prize PDI built a prototype for CDampP which they validated internally and eventually purchased an IP license agreement Prototype 5 California Diesel and Power Prototype

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=hAS5EKsIQM4

Prototype 6 Upgraded CDampP Prototype with New Rotor Tested by NRC Scientist

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=ARztYvprKkA

Prototype 3 was important because we needed to ensure that the on-load acceleration wasnrsquot restricted to just an AC induction motor and that is was just some sort of curious laboratory anomaly that couldnrsquot be used with other prime mover modes As it turned out the technology performs equally well with a DC motor as the prime mover

Eventually CDampP returned their prototype and it was upgraded with a new rotor with more powerful magnets and output was increased significantly over Prototype 2 This prototype would eventually be independently third party tested by an NRC scientist and shown to produce over 223 more power to the load over the conventional generator with 40 less input power required by the prime mover at identical operating speeds

Page 13 of 45

Coming Full Circle and Reaching ldquoThe Holy Grail for Generatorsrdquo

While the original Regenerative Acceleration Generator prototype introduced additional kinetic energy into the system it was unable to produce any useable electric power By employing both types of coils in one generator design this problem was solved When NRC scientist Doug Hartwick independently tested the Regenerative Acceleration Generator prototype at the University of Ottawa he noted a huge gain in output power over the conventional generator with a significant input power reduction Dougrsquos test was performed with both generators operating at identical speeds to ensure identical prime mover efficiency and to equalize all other test variables such as bearing friction and wind resistance etc (Test data attached) If the prime mover input was not reduced however and both systems were allowed to react naturally with identical initial operating speeds and prime mover input the conventional system would decelerate down and the generator output would be reduced to 00 Watts while the Regenerative Acceleration Generator output equaled 4 Watts which led Doug to suggest ldquothis technology represents the holy grail for generatorsrdquo Updated prototypes would later increase the electrical output to 10 30 50 1000 Watts with 00 Watts still coming from the conventional generator Potential Difference Intellectual Property Mandate Revisited (again) Prototypes 2 3 4 5 and 6 all successfully employed an ldquoErdquo core which as the name implies is shaped like the capital letter E Prototype 1 employed an ldquoIrdquo core with both coils mounted on it which did not produce ideal results from an IP development standpoint Generator coils are wound on top of soft metal ferromagnetic material which attracts the magnetic fields into the coil which is required to induce electrical power into the coil IP Mandate Necessity is the ldquoMother of all Inventionrdquo

PDIrsquos IP development mandate necessitated that the ldquoIrdquo core coil design be revisited to explore the possibility of creating an ldquoidealrdquo I core design solution if one existed at all The eventual solution was to build a high voltage high impedance Regenerative Acceleration generator coil and employ a step down transformer to do the work of providing usable current and electric power Prototype 7 was born Prototype 7 Successful ldquoIrdquo Core Performance

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=V_UXcNMBGTA

Prototype 8 ldquoIrdquo Core Success in an ldquoErdquo Core Package

Prototype 8 involved a return to the ldquoErdquo core dual coil design but with the elimination of the high current low impedance conventional coil as per the earlier ldquoErdquo core prototypes Prototype 8 proved successful as well

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=HPMbWzNuMOg

Page 14 of 45

Prototype 9 New ldquoIrdquo Core Design VS Conventional Generator Comparison Experimental test data collected for prototype 9 showed the conventional generator coil producing 7 Watts at 3100 RPM while creating system deceleration The Regenerative Acceleration Generator produced 45 Watts at 3100 RPM which represents a 543 generator performance increase at identical operating speeds and drive shaft input torque

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=L3JVjbXOssQ

Prototype 9 Torque Paradigms Video for the Quebec Institute for Vehicle Advancement

Prototype 9 was used to demonstrate the two different torque paradigms between a conventional generator and a Regenerative Acceleration Generator

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=RC06V8vXUqI

Prototype 9 Successful BIONX Electric Vehicle Integration Test

Potential Difference Incrsquos IP commercialization and licensing efforts included the integration of the technology into an electric vehicle Our first attempt was to determine if the Regenerative Acceleration Generator could operate successfully in an existing electric vehicle design The BIONX bicycle retrofit provided the first evidence that this was indeed a good possibility

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=wGvOBDCh7sA

Prototype 10 End Game ReGenX Generator Design Fruition

Prototype 10 represents the culmination of six years of Regenerative Acceleration Generator Technology development The design goal for this IP iteration was to remove the step down transformer and create a generator which provided usable electric power with acceleration and also with deceleration if desired

httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=u3gVfltiO-E

Prototype 10 has also been followed up by Prototype 11 which can be started as a motor and then converted over to generator mode when required and when opportunity dictates

Page 15 of 45

Innovation Uniqueness

All electric generators create torque A conventional generator creates a counter-electromotive torque when on- load and works against the torque supplied by the prime mover As a result the prime mover must provide additional torque to overcome the generatorrsquos induced counter torque (magnetic friction) The additional torque that is required to keep a conventional generator running comes at a financial and environmental cost because more energy must be expended to create the required torque and keep the generator running and producing electrical power The energy required to keep generators running and producing electrical power also comes at a national security and human cost for some because human lives must be expended directly or indirectly in either recovering the energy required or expropriating it from those countries that have it The more energy required by humanity the higher the costs associated with producing it The Regenerative Acceleration Generator Technologyrsquos innovation uniqueness lies in the fact that it reverses the paradigm described above and allows generators to produce energy but it also allows them to produce a complimentary-electromotive torque which works with the prime mover and in harmony with the prime mover supplied torque The intellectual achievement is a generator that requires less energy and less cost when supplying energy for humanityrsquos needs It results in an energy solution that is viable and sustainable for everyone in the long term and does not rely on earth or human exploitation to meet its demands For the Native Indians living downstream from the Oil Sands it means chemical and toxin-free water for fishing drinking and bathing For the Middle East it means and end to oil wars and external national destabilization efforts to control oil resources For Americans it means a reprieve from the increasing pressure and demand to over extend its financial resources and military to control dwindling oil reserves in a naive and futile West vs East oil race that no one can win

Page 16 of 45

Chronological Listing of Events Innovation Evolution amp Challenges 1) The original idea for the innovation came during a college lecture on Lenzrsquos Law in my motorgenerator class while studying in the CEGEPElectronics Technology Program in 1980 Lenzrsquos Law pertains to the production of a repelling magnetic field in a generator coil and how that magnetic field enters the air gap between the magnet and the coil and repels the magnet as it tries to approach the coil My theory was that if said magnetic field could be diverted or even a small percentage of it this would make the generator that much more efficient because it would produce less magnetic drag My idea was quickly shot down by my professor who said that in order to do this first I would have to violate Lenzrsquos Law Newtonrsquos Third Law and the Law of Conservation of Energy and that it was an impossible goal 2) Twenty years later in 1999 I began working on Flywheel Energy Storage Technology with the University of Virginiarsquos flywheel research lab due to the development of a conical magnetic design I had developed Flywheel energy storage systems are mechanical batteries which store energy as inertia and operate at very high speeds 3) While developing the generator for the flywheel technology project it was discovered that at a certain RPM and coil frequency a generator coil will accelerate when a load is applied rather than decelerate as is commonly known The original prototype accelerated so quickly and so unexpectedly that it began to fly apart with bits and pieces being shot in every direction which caused me to dive under the test bench in fear for my safety 4) When the original generator prototype continually ldquorefusedrdquo to decelerate when placed on-load it was seen as a serious problem that needed to be corrected The original prototype was completely dismantled right down to the nuts and bolts in search of the ldquoproblemrdquo which was thought to be a short circuit in the prime mover No electrical faults were discovered in the troubleshooting ldquowitch huntrdquo 5) Once rebuilt the generator prototype continued to accelerate on-load so the problematic anomaly was determined to be something other than isolated incident and an investigation ensued to determine it had any beneficial attributes 6) The original theory was that the magnetic fields induced by the generator coils were being magnetically coupled to the prime mover which was an induction motor due to the fact that all the connection components were ferromagnetic material and could conduct magnetic fields If the generatorrsquos induced magnetic fields were being diverted into the induction motor and strengthening the rotor or the statorrsquos magnet ic field this would create additional torque and acceleration would result 7) A simple experimental prototype was devised which had an induction motor with a moveable permanent magnet placed near the motorrsquos drive shaft The drive shaft was connected internally to the motorrsquos rotor and stator coil When the magnet was moved into the vicinity of the motorrsquos drive shaft the motor would accelerate and when moved away it would accelerate 8) This gave credence to the original ldquoon-load acceleration theoryrdquo and the early prototypes were designed to encourage and enhance this requirement

Page 17 of 45

Enter the ldquoPerpetual Human Problemrdquo - Lenzrsquos Law Applies in Humans Too

9) Provisional patents were filed and the generator performance was confirmed by Dr Zahn at MIT who is an expert in electromagnetic systems Dr Zahn went on record with the Toronto Starrsquos Energy Reporter Tyler Hamilton (who was covering our trip to MIT) and said ldquoI have seen it and it works It is not something I would have expected and now I am just trying to figure it outrdquo

10) Our trip to MIT was designed to solicit MITrsquos assistance in validating the generator acceleration phenomenon and to help develop the backing theory so the technology could eventually be turned into a viable commercial product 11) Tyler Hamilton and the Toronto Star published a story about our trip to MIT and the byline asked a deliberately misleading question which was designed for one reason only - to stir up controversy to ldquosellrdquo the story The question was ldquoIs this a Perpetual Motion Machinerdquo 12) While conducting his interviews Tyler asked me if the technology was a perpetual motion machine and I said no Dr Zahn asked me the same question as well and I said no Dr Zahn and I both concluded the same thing and it was obvious to anyone with honest intentions because a prime mover was always required and the prime mover needed to be plugged into an electrical outlet or external power source to make the system function which excluded it from meeting the perpetual motion criteria 13) Once the Toronto Star ldquoPerpetual Motionrdquo story was published in 2008 the proverbial ldquoyou know whatrdquo hit the fan httpwwwthestarcomBusinessarticle300042 The technology became an overnight sensation and all our previous legitimate attempts at following rational and accepted scientific investigation protocols were thrown out the window 14) Dr Zahnrsquos professional reputation at MIT was damaged and now tainted and he refused to continue the scientific evaluation with us because he assumed that we made the perpetual motion claim to Tyler Hamilton and the Toronto Star even though the complete opposite was true 15) Dr Habash our lab supervisor at Ottawa University dismantled our technology webpage which was being set up to track the evolution of the technology in a public forum because he wanted to distance himself from the controversy Dr Habash informed me that someone hacked into the Uof O server and took out the information which would have been a major security breach I would learn later that this ldquobreachrdquo was actually a breach of trust with more to follow All Ottawa University professors followed suit except for one whose job security was threatened and who was eventually fired for supporting the technology U of O students nicknamed our lab the ldquoperpetual motion labrdquo 16) The Toronto Starrsquos reader manipulation ruse worked perfectly and in a follow up story Tyler Hamilton boasted to his readers that it was one of the most read and discussed stories of the entire year httpwwwthestarcomBusinessarticle306532 What he didnrsquot tell his readers even to this day was that the entire story was predicated on a lie and that it left a trail of disaster in its wake

Page 18 of 45

17) Winston Churchill one said that ldquoa lie will get halfway around the world before the truth has a chance to get its pants onrdquo As we have since learned (the hard way) when it comes to the media the truth is expendable or at

least temporarily ignored if a lie can be used to sell a story Recently in 2011 Richard Syrett produced a story on CBC radio in which he advertised Thane Heins as the ldquoinventor of a perpetual motion machinerdquo to sell his story as well httpwwwcbccaoutoftheirminds20110726episode-5---thane-heins 18) The truth was in 2008 when we went to MIT for technology validation we had no real idea what was going on (nor did anyone else) and we only had unproven theories and some empirical evidence that had no backing theory to base any commercialization efforts or justify soliciting investor funds 19) Previous attempts at having the technology validated from at least a performance perspective and not a scientific one were also met with similar challenges and questions of the availability of scientific credibility or ethics in the energy research arena 20) Potential Difference paid about one hundred thousand dollars from 2005 to 2010 searching for some form of public endorsement and or validation of the technology so PDI could seek investor funds with some credibility

Kinectrics Lab A former Ontario Hydro testing facility spent an entire week evaluating the generator and provided a written report and a conclusion that stated that ldquothe starting capacitor in the base of the motorprime mover was responsible for the on-load accelerationrdquo The report could not explain how it was

possible that the starting capacitor ldquoknewrdquo when a load was being applied to the generator in order to initiate the acceleration or when to initiate deceleration when the load was removed The evaluators refused to explain why the on-load acceleration phenomenon persisted when the capacitor was physically removed since it was only required on start-up Requests for retesting and a new report were refused as was a refund which was based on over fifty errors in the report

Electron Energy Corporation A Pennsylvania magnetic manufacturing company was contracted to

evaluate the technology and two magnetic PhDs were consulted who performed seven hours of testing and a finite element analysis In their written report they concluded that ldquothey could not evaluate the technology because the conventional generator which decelerated on-load rotated in the clockwise direction and the Regenerative Acceleration Generator which accelerated on-load rotated in the counter-clockwise directionrdquo They did not explain why direction is relevant and Lenzrsquos Law does not differentiate and only states that ldquowhen a magnet approaches a coil of wirerdquo We noted that during the testing procedure the evaluators became agitated and frustrated that they were unable to eliminate the on-load acceleration phenomenon even after their machine shop produced a new machined part meant to ldquofixrdquo the acceleration problem

Filtran Transformers An Ottawa-based transformer manufacturing company was introduced to the

technology because they could manufacture the generator coils required and because their parent company could potentially invest in the technologyrsquos development We provided a live demonstration to their engineers and we were informed that there were irrefutable laws of the universe which prevented our technology from working

Magna International ndash Request for Perpetual Motion Machine Magna International was introduced to

Regenerative Acceleration Generator Technology while we were at the University of Ottawa and it was our desire that they would sponsor our lab and our research in return for IP licensing rights We provided four live technology demonstrations and allowed them to test one of our prototypes for an entire week We were asked to provide torque testing which we did (test data attached) The request was made to ensure that the Regenerative Acceleration Generator did indeed produce complimentary torque as we claimed

Page 19 of 45

Third party torque testing was independently performed by TRIAS Innovations at our Ottawa University satellite lab at it was successful and proved beyond any doubt that the technology did produce complimentary on-load torque which added to the prime mover torque and resulted in on-load system acceleration Dave Pascoe Vice President Electric Vehicle Technologies then asked us to build him a perpetual motion machine At that point the relationship began to deteriorate because the request could not be satisfied Shortly thereafter Magna engineers concluded that the technology didnrsquot work

Electric Mobility Canada Mike Elwood the Chairman of Electric Mobility Canada visited our lab at

Ottawa University and concluded that the technology was ldquoa game changerrdquo and we were asked to present the technology to their members Dave Pascoe VP at Magna International and EMC board member stepped in and vetoed this technology presentation opportunity and claimed that Magna was conducting evaluations ndash which was completely untrue

Defence Research and Development Canada Five PhDs from Defence Research and Development

Canada visited our lab at the University of Ottawa and validated the generator performance When Richard Syrett of the CBC approached the DRDC and requested to interview the five PhDs they all received email warnings informing them that their employment would be terminated if they spoke about what they witnessed in the Ottawa University lab

21) Many challenges have been encountered during the evolution of the Regenerative Acceleration Generator Technology including technical development and financial resources issues but by far the most persistent and recurring problem is the problem of human perception and professionalism and the scientific acceptance of something new and unknown While technical development and financial issues were virtually all solved worldwide licensing initiated over 3000 professional connections on LinkedIn successful generator replications in Holland Sweden Switzerland Australia USA and Canada and with over two million generator videos viewed on YouTube the human problem for some still persists to this day Date Tuesday November 22 2011

Dear Mr Heins I have reviewed your YouTube video and can save you a lot of time and money because the device does not work You will find that perpetual motion machines still donrsquot exist So thank you for the offer but I have no interest in helping you to develop this technology Best Regards Jon Hilton FIMechE CEng Managing PartnerFlybrid Systems LLP wwwflybridsystemscom Overall Winner - British Engineering Excellence Awards 2009 22) Many times during the development and refinement of the technology at the University of Ottawa when the ldquohuman problemrdquo would come up and Dr Habash would always remind us that ldquothis is not and engineering question it is not even a physics question it is a human question and it is a question of human acceptance which is often a very big problemrdquo

Page 20 of 45

23) After successfully demonstrating the technology at MIT and enduring the ldquoperpetual motion stormrdquo that ensued we locked ourselves away in our lab and tried to focus on the tasks at hand while outsiders continually tried to have us evicted and crucified as scientific heretics who were ldquocreating sins against sciencerdquo Eventually they would

even succeed 24) Prototype Development Overview

Although this has already been covered somewhat in the Experimental Process above here it is again in more detail

1 Prototype 0 was the prototype developed in my basement which was demonstrated at MIT Kinectrics EEC Filtran Transformers and the original prototype we brought to Ottawa University when we moved in there It only had the capacity to generate kinetic energy and no real usable electric power It was our first proof of concept upon which we based our original provisional patent applications

2 It didnrsquot take us very long once at Ottawa U to discover flaws in the original theory and then to invalidate our own original ldquogenerator magnetic flux migration into the motor acceleration theoryrdquo along with our costly patent work

3 All it took was one piece of plastic pipe that was long enough and voila 4 A new theory of operation needed to be produced which isolated the acceleration to the coil properties

only Our new ldquofrequency based high impedance low current self induced coil capacitance theoryrdquo was developed which still exists to this day and it deals with the differences between the physical properties of the two coils

5 Prototype 1 was our first prototype built at the University of Ottawa in 2008 and it used two microwave oven step-up transformers as the generator coils It successfully demonstrated conventional generator on-load decelerative performance using the high current windings and then showed on-load acceleration when the high voltage coils were employed to reverse the deceleration effects An IP improvement demand was noted

6 Prototype 2 was developed to satisfy the IP improvement that was required and it was also successful 7 During the evolution of prototype 2 and its subsequent iterations it was discovered that the high current

coil could be eliminated altogether and that the high voltage coils could indeed be used to produce usable electric power and acceleration

8 The ldquoErdquo coil was developed with two high voltage coils which both produced electric power and acceleration so a simplified ldquoIrdquo coil design also needed to be perfected

9 Prototype 9 represented the successful ldquoIrdquo core generator design evolution but had its own Achillesrsquo heel which needed to be addresses

10 Prototype 9 required a step down transformer to enable it to produce useable power Since the step down transformer was an energy loss contributor to the system a way to remove it was desired

11 Prototype 10 was conceived and it successfully produced usable electrical power with acceleration but it had one huge crippling problem which threatened to derail the entire Regenerative Acceleration Generator Technology Development Program

12 The problem was that if one generator coil was used it would produce X amount of electrical power with Y amount of acceleration

13 When a second coil was added however the electrical output of coil 1 would drop by a certain percentage

14 If a third coil was added coil 1rsquos output would drop even more and so on

Page 21 of 45

15 This problem was identified early on by us while at the University of Ottawa in 2008 but it was not considered to be a significant problem (to be honest we didnrsquot know how to solve it so we ignored it since we really didnrsquot understand anything at that early stage) It did become a very significant problem in 2010 however when California Diesel and Power also identified the problem with their own prototype they were building in Sacramento This problem also threatened to jeopardize our licensing negotiations which were ongoing at the same time

16 The onus was on us to solve the problem and this was achieved with prototype 11 17 Prototype 11rsquos design solved the performance problem of coil output reduction and even reversed it so

that when a second coil was placed on-load the output of the first coil would actually increase 18 This turned out to be a very important developmental milestone which would come into play when the

Regenerative Acceleration Generator coil was employed as a motor coil 19 The Regenerative Acceleration Generator employs a Salient Pole Coil Axial Flux Design or Pancake

Motor Design What this means is that each individual coil is autonomous and can be A) individually switched on or off as a Regenerative Acceleration Generator coil or B) on or off as a motor coil and even C) on or off as a regenerative braking coil

20 Basically if your generator has three coils for example one coil can be a motor coil another can be a regenerative braking coil and the last one can operate as a Regenerative Acceleration Generator coil or any other combination for that matter

21 The really interesting beneficial and fortunate aspect of having a motor coil and a Regenerative Acceleration Generator coil operating side by side is that the discharging magnetic flux from the motor coil will be collected and recycled inside the Regenerative Acceleration Generator coil boosting its output and increasing the overall system efficiency

The final development paved the way for electric vehicle motorgenerator development and integration

which is currently ongoing

From the university lab to the real world

Page 22 of 45

Budding Commercial Success Potential Difference Inc started ldquosellingrdquo Regenerative Acceleration Generator Technology IP licenses in 2010 Our first developmental licensing partner was California Diesel and Power Currently we negotiating EV licensing rights with Hero Electric of India and we are in the process of integrating the technology into their scooter line Hero Electric is affiliated with Honda in India and the company is called Hero Honda We anticipate that our work with Hero Electric will eventually trickle up to Honda motorcycles and then Honda automobiles Because our Regenerative Acceleration Generator licensing is free our revenues are primarily based on IP royalties Step 1 Hero Electric Scooters generated from the sale of units which does not exist at this early stage PDI creates Developmental Partnership arrangements whereby our clients pay for the development and integration costs associated with their specific application Currently we are in the initial negotiating stages of this process with Hero Electric Hero Honda Our motorgenerator coils will be manufactured at Toroid Tech Northern Transformers in Toronto Ontario Motors will also be fully assembled at the Northern Transformers facility Step 2 Honda Electric Motorcycles

Motor commutators will be manufactured and supplied by Industrial Commutator Company Ltd of Barrie Ontario Motor electronic components supplied by CanaKit of North Vancouver BC Scooters will be distributed in India Europe and North America by Hero Electric Potential Difference is also currently in the initial stage of developing portable generators for homes and businesses Large scale generator development is in the initial communication stage for Step 3 Honda Automobiles

hydro electricity production in the Honduras Africa and for a water purification initiative in India