Thailand PBN Implementation Lessons Learned
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Thailand PBN ImplementationLessons Learned
Outline
• Introduction: Challenges & Motivation
• PBN Implementation as Response to Challenges
• Supporting Elements for PBN Implementation
• Summary & Conclusion
Introduction:Challenges & Motivation
Thailand Air Traffic Demand Growth
831,910910,315
1,268,399
1,701,380
709,030776,374
1,087,193
1,465,627
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
1,600,000
1,800,000
2,000,0002
00
6
20
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Historical Forecast
Flig
ht
Mo
vem
en
t
Fiscal Year
Historical Annual Traffic Volume in Bangkok FIR Fiscal Year 2006-2015
Forecast Annual Traffic Volume - Fiscal Year 2016-2026
Overfly
Domestic
International
Total TrafficVolume
RevenueGeneratingFlights
%AAGR 2006-2015 = 8%
%AAGR 2016-2026 = 7%
Note: Assumed GDP growth rate in 2016 of 3.5% per year and GDP growth rate in 2017-2026 at 3.8% per year
Limited Access to Airports
• Many of the runway ends do not have straight-in instrument approaches.
• Some of those airports have high demand for air traffic, for example, for the top 4 provincial airports:
– Phuket
• Offset ILS
– Samui
• No ILS
– Chiang Mai and Hat Yai Airports
• ILS only at one runway end.
ICAO Assembly Resolution A37-11
• States to complete a PBN implementation plan by 2009 to achieve:-
– Implementation of RNAV and RNP operations (where required) for en-route and terminal areas according to established timelines and intermediate milestones; and
– Implementation of Approach Procedures with Vertical guidance (APV) (Baro-VNAV and/or augmented GNSS)for all instrument runway ends, either as the primary approach or as a back-up for precision approaches.
• 30% by 2010; 70% by 2014, and 100% by 2016
Fleet Capability (2016)
• Navigation capability of aircraft operating in Thailand is quite advanced.
PBN Implementation as the Response to Challenges
• A Working Group was founded in May 2007
• To foster collaboration stakeholders in the implementations of PBN and GNSS
• Planning and implementation activities involve participations from
– Department of Civil Aviation (Regulator) [now the Civil Aviation Authority of Thailand (CAAT)]
– Aeronautical Radio of Thailand Ltd (ANSP)
– Thai Airline Operators (Airlines)
– Thai Pilots Association (Pilots)
– Airports of Thailand Public Company (Airport Operator)
National Working Group for PBN and GNSS
• In June 2009, the Working Group approved the first Thailand PBN Implementation Plan.
• To provide stakeholders with appropriate guidance and timelines for PBN implementation
• The Plan was aligned with the APAC Regional PBN Implementation Plan developed by ICAO APAC PBN Implementation Task Force and the 2007 ICAO Assembly Resolutions.
• The Plan was revised in 2017 to be aligned with APAC Seamless ATM Plan Version 2.0
Thailand PBN Implementation Plan
PBN Procedure Design Process
PBN Procedure Design Process
Process complied with
all activities
Doc 9906 Vol. 1
PBN Approach Implementation
• February 2009, the Department of Civil Aviation has approved full operation of PBN Approach Procedures for Phuket International Airport.
• These procedures enhance safety and efficiency in the approach operation by providing straight-in approaches for the two runway ends
First PBN Approaches in Phuket
Phuket RWY 27: LLZ (1.4-deg Offset) vs PBN
Phuket RWY 09: VOR (5-deg offset) vs PBN
PBN Approach Implementation Progress
(Total 37 airports / 67 runway end)
Domestic
12 airports / 21 runway end(being designed)
International & Domestic
• 25 Airports / 46 runway end with PBN Approach in 2016• Expected to be fully completed by 2018
RNP AR APCH Implementation
• To improve accessibility to airport with terrain issues:-
- Hat Yai INTL (RWY 08)
- Krabi (RWY 14)
- Samui (RWY 17)
• By coordination with:-
- Regulator (Civil Aviation Authority of Thailand)
- Airline (Thai Air Asia / Bangkok Airways)
- Air Navigation Services Provider (AEROTHAI)
VTSS VTSG
VTSM
PBN Terminal Area Implementation
• Since the opening of Suvarnabhumi Airport (VTBS) in 2006, the SID/STAR for Bangkok TMA were designed to support single-airport operation.
• With re-openning of Don Mueang Airport (VTBD) in 2007, there was a need to redesign the SID/STARs of Bangkok TMA to accommodate dual-airport operation.
PBN Terminal Area Example: BKK TMA
• New RNAV 1 SID/STARs for Bangkok TMA since 2016 to accommodate the dual-airport operation for both Suvarnabhumi and Don MueangAirports.
• The design and implementation required collaboration efforts between air traffic control units, airlines, procedure designers and regulator.
• Improve safety, efficiency and capacity for Bangkok TMA
PBN in Terminal Area Example: BKK TMA
Bangkok TMA SID STAR (Before April 2016)
Orange: Arrival
Yellow: Departure
Bangkok TMA SID STAR (After April 2016 )
Pink: Arrival
Blue: Departure
Terminal Area Implementation Progress
International Airport Implementation Status
1. Phuket INTL (VTSP)RNAV 1
SID/STAR Completed (2013)
2. Chiang Mai INTL (VTCC)RNAV 1 and RNP 1
SID/STAR Completed (2013)
3. Chiang Rai INTL (VTCT)RNP 1
STAR Completed (2013)
4. Suvarnabhumi INTL (VTBS)RNAV 1
SID/STAR Completed (2016)
5. Don Mueang INTL (VTBD)RNAV 1
SID/STAR Completed (2016)
6. U-Thapao INTL (VTBU)Being Designed (Target 2018)
7. Hat Yai INTL (VTSS)Being Designed (Target 2018)
Remarks:-• RNAV 1 in Surveillance environment.• RNP 1 in Surveillance and Non-Surveillance environment.
PBN En-RouteImplementation
PBN En-route Example: Y13-Y16 (2016)
Improve Flow Capacity East of BKK TMA
Thailand En-route implementation Progress
Asia Pacific Seamless ATM Plan Phase 1 Phase 2
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
En-Route
RNAV 5
RNAV 2
Possible RNP 2
• 20 RNAV 5 Routes (17 domestic, 3 international) established
• More RNAV 5 international routes planned for 2017 based on Flexible Use of Airspace (FUA) concept via Civil Military Air Traffic Management Coordination (CMAC)
• Two new RNAV 2 routes planned for 2017 – 2018
• RNP 2 in 2020-2022 timeframe
Supporting Elements for PBN Implementation
Training for PBN Implementation Personnel
• Flight Procedure Designers
• Flight Validation Pilots & Engineers
• Air Traffic Controllers
Pilot Simulator ATC Simulator
AutomationDesign Tools
Flight Procedure Designer Training
Flight Procedure Designers
• 10 procedure designers trained in Basic PANS-OPS and PBN
[ICAO FPP Beijing / ENAC France/ SAA Singapore]
• 10 procedure designers trained in Advance PBN (Baro-VNAV & RNP AR APCH)
[In-house by Air Navigation Institute (ANI)]
• Ab initio Training– Basic Aviation course– AIS Cartography
• Initial Training– Basic PANS-OPS– PBN
• Recurrent Training• Refresher Training• On-the-job Training
(OJT)– In-house OJT
• Advanced Training– RNP AR APCH
Flight Procedure Designer TrainingFlight Procedure Designer Training
Doc 9906 Vol. 2
Flight Validation Crew Training
Flight Validation Crew
• 4 Pilots trained in PBN Flight Validation
[ICAO FPP Beijing]
• 2 Engineers trained in Basic PANS-OPS and PBN
[ICAO FPP Beijing]
• 2 Engineers trained in Advance PBN (RNP AR APCH)
[Air Navigation Institute (ANI)]
ATC Training
Air Traffic Controllers
• ATC trained in PBN concept overview
• ATC trained in PBN operational procedures and real-time ATC Simulator before implementation (Typically 1-2 Days)
Procedure Design Automation Tools:-• 2 PANADES• 3 FPDAM and 1 AeroDB (AIXM database)
Design Reporting Tool:-• Spread Sheet (Excel)
Charting Tool:-•AutoCAD Civil 3D
Ground Validation tool:-•Universal Avionics Flight Planning
Procedure Design Support Tools
Flight Validation Fleet
Pre-Flight Validation
Form
Flight Validation and Data Recorder
Post-Flight Validation
Form
• Beechcraft Super King air 350 x 2
- Supporting for PBN Flight Validation
- En-route (RNAV 5 / RNAV 2 / RNP 4 / RNP 2 )
- Terminal (RNAV 1 / RNP 1)
- Approach (RNP APCH with Baro VNAV)
• More aircraft is under procurement process to support GBAS flight validation capability.
GNSS Monitoring Stations
• GNSS Monitoring Stations (7 Stations)
- Chiang Mai
- Phitsanulok
- Bangkok
- Suratthani
- Hat Yai
- Udonthani
- Ubon Ratchathani
GPS RAIM Prediction Website
• GPS RAIM Prediction Service within Bangkok FIR
- www.netra.aero
GPS RAIM Outage Prediction NOTAM
• GPS RAIM Outage Prediction NOTAM
- Provide for all airport with PBN Procedures (RNP APCH)
BCP0717 302202KK VTBBZRZP302200 KLAXXAAWGXXXX/YY NOTAMR
Q) VTBB/QGAXX/I/NBO/A/000/999/1957N09952E025A) VTCT B) 1507010000 C) 1507022359E) GPS RAIM PREDICTION FOR:TSO-C129 FAULT DETECTIONNO GPS RAIM OUTAGES
TSO-C146A FAULT DETECTION ONLYNO GPS RAIM OUTAGES
TSO-C146A FAULT DETECTION WITH EXCLUSION20150701 0047 TIL 20150701 005820150701 0134 TIL 20150701 0139GPS RAIM UNAVAILABLE FOR RNP APPROACH
Summary & Conclusion
การประเมนิผลกระทบทางเสยีงจากอากาศยาน
Thailand PBN Implementation Milestones:2007 PBN Working Group founded - collaboration
2009 First PBN Approach published
First Implementation Plan submitted to ICAO
2008-2017 Continuous Process of Capability Building– Personal Training
– Design Supporting Tools
– Flight Validation Fleet
2016 Assembly Resolution 37-11 fulfilled
2017 Revised Implementation Plan submitted to ICAO
-----------------
2018 New IFP and PBN Regulations promulgation
2019 All Runways Ends with PBN APCH
Summary
• PBN provides benefits to airspace users and the aviation community.
• PBN implementation is not hard, but need collaboration and efforts from stakeholders.
• With airspace users are ready to utilize their fleet capabilities, ANSPs and regulators should deliver and drive for performance-based services.
• APAC states should work together on PBN implementation to improve connectivity and enhance capacity within the region.
Conclusion
Thank You!
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