Thailand-Myanmar/Cambodia :Transboundary Machanisms for Strategic Planning and Management of Landscapes By : Songtam Suksawang Ph.D. E National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department
Thailand-Myanmar/Cambodia :Transboundary Machanisms for
Strategic Planning and Management of Landscapes
By : Songtam Suksawang Ph.D. E
National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department
Fragmentation of Forest
Complex and Protected Area
in Thailand and GMS
Fragmentation Impact
Forest fragmentation in Protected Area
Transboundary Protected Areas of Thailand and GMS
’Common Vision’
“By 2020, Thailand, Cambodia and Myanmar will
have established a common cooperative
framework for the conservation and sustainable
management of the Trans-boundary Protected Areas
of the GMS in order to strengthen the protection of the
trans-boundary habitats of wide-ranging wildlife
species and will endeavor to maintain the viability
and ecological integrity of the forest ecosystems
and increase its land use and climate change
adaptation capability to transform the Trans-boundary
Biodiversity Conservation in GMS into an
international symbol of Trans-boundary PA
Landscape.”
Objectives 1. To share general ideas and opinions on protected area management between Thailand – Myanmar and Cambodia 2. To learn experiences of protected area management between the three countries. 3. To develop Cooperation between Thailand – Myanmar and Cambodia in conservation of wild fauna and flora especially along border of Thailand and two countries. 4. TO contribute to the long-term sustainable conservation of transboundary biodiversity conservation in the Tenassarim Range between Thailand and Myanmar. 5.TO contribute to the long-term sustainable conservation of transboundary biodiversity conservation in the Eastern Forest Complex between Thailand and Cambodia.
Key steps for Thailand -Myanmar Key Steps for Trans-boundary Landscape Conservation
Cooperation Initiatives between Myanmar and Thailand
Initial feasibility assessment of trans-boundary cooperation
between Myanmar and Thailand
Selection of the priority areas for cooperation
Develop terms and conditions for bilateral cooperation
between Forest Department, Myanmar and Department of
National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Thailand
Getting approval for bilateral cooperation
Implementation of the collaborative conservation activities
แนว เ ชื่ อ ม ต่ อ ร ะหว่ า ง ป ระ เ ทศ
T RA N S BO UN DA RY C O RR IDO R
www.flickr.com
Thailand Biodiversity Corridor Initiative Tiger corridors
ส่วนศึกษาและวิจัยอุทยานแห่งชาติ ส านักอุทยานแห่งชาติ
Background
• The Taninthayi (Tenasserim)
eco-region
• Global outstanding of
terrestrial biodiversity:
• dry evergreen & semi-
evergreen forests
• Endangered species
• World’s largest
populations of Asian
elephant and tiger
Prospects for Thailand-Myanmar
Tanithayi National Park is the Priority Site for
trans- boundary conservation cooperation
initiative
High feasibility for collaborative management
between Kaeng Krachan Forest Complex and
Taninthayi Forest Complex
Also, high potential for nomination as Trans-
boundary World Heritage Site
Thematic areas for bilateral cooperation will
include
i. Conservation of biological diversity and
intact ecosystems
ii. Collaborative research on ecological
connectivity and habitat distribution
iii. Cross-border control of illegal wildlife trade
between Myanmar and Thailand
Biodiversity hotspots
Proposed WH
“Kaeng Krachan complex”
Project Site
Myanmar – Taninthayi Hills
Taninthayi NP (proposed) - A
Taninthayi Nature Res. - B
(3,910 km2)
Thailand – Kaeng Krachan Complex
Mae Nam Pachi WS (17)
Chalerm Prakiat NP (18)
Kaeng Krachan NP (19)
Kui Buri NP (20)
(4,704 km2)
Total ~ 8,614 km2
Fauna in Thailand Guar
Tiger
Sambar Deer
Banteng
Muantjac
Elephant
Wild pig
Home of many Globally threatened species e.g. (Courtesy of WCS)
Malayan Tapir - VU
Asian Elephant - EN
Stump-tailed Macaque - VU
Banteng - EN Asian Wild Dog - EN
Gaur - VU
Serow - VU
Asiatic Black Bear - VU
6 species of Wild Cats detected (Courtesy of WCS)
Leopard Cat
Golden Cat
Fishing Cat Marble Cat
Leopard Tiger
Transboundary Thailand- Mynemar
ศูนย์ศึกษาและวิจัยอุทยานแห่งชาติ จังหวัดเพชรบุรี
Biodiversity richness of Taninthayi Region
246 plant species, 112 mammals, 152 fishes, 66 snakes, 99 birds
31 mammal species, 212 birds species and 93 fish species
120 plants, 19 mammals, 228 birds 19 reptiles, 42 fish species
384 plant species, 67 mammals, 244 birds species
17 mammals, 260 bird species
Flora and Fauna of TNR
• Tropical rain forests: Giant
evergreen, Sub-evergreen,
Moist deciduous, Riverine,
Dry deciduous, Hill ever-
green and Tidal forest
• Flora: 384 species, 3 CR,
• 4 EN and 6 VU Species,
• 67 Mammal species:
• EN Species: Asian Elephant,
Tiger, Tapir, Serow,
Gibbons, Gaur and Bears
• 244 Bird species
• 10 NT and 3 VU species
Dawna Tenasserim Landscape
• This Landscape includes 30,539 km² of protected areas
• Nearly 50,000 km² of wilderness area
• Providing shelter to over 150 mammals and nearly 570 bird species.
• It contains one of the largest protected area networks in Southeast Asia.
• Habitat of tiger, Siamese crocodile and Gurney’s Pitta and Fea’s muntjac.
• WWF had learned construction of Dawei- Kanchanaburi High Way Road.
• Moreover, new 3 fish species of Taninthayi River has been found.
9 of 12 Key Biodiversity Areas
in Taninthari Region
KBAs Priority
Taninthayi Nature Reserve High
Myinmo Letkhat area High
Taninthayi National Park Info need
Northern Laynya Low
Laynya National Park (Ext) High
Laynya National Park High
Lampi Marine NP High
Parchan area Medium
Shark Protected Area Info need
Threats in Thailand
• Forest clearing and subsequent land encroachment; • Small scale illegal logging; • Influx of refugees and in-migration; • Increasing settlement; • Further fragmentation; • Forest fires and repeated burning • Commercial level and subsistence poaching
Challenges in BCI Phase 1
Elephant Serow
Sambar
Tiger
Guar
Common muntjac
Leopard
Wildlife and Its Habitat
Assessment in the Corridor Zone
Opportunities
BCI restoration area
BCI restoration area
Constraints to develop Trans-boundary corridor
• Although Development disturbs
Conservation, high technology
can be used in the construction
of Highway road.
• settlement area may block
biological corridor.
• Project was adjourned since last
year.
Key Threats
• Poaching
• Fragmentation & encroachment
• Illegal logging and legal logging
• Settlements inside and around the park
• Forest fires
• Human-elephant conflict
Threats in Thailand
• Forest clearing and subsequent land encroachment; • Small scale illegal logging; • Influx of refugees and in-migration; • Increasing settlement; • Further fragmentation; • Forest fires and repeated burning • Commercial level and subsistence poaching
Trans-boundary Landscape Initiative of Protected Areas
in Thailand and Cambodia .
Transboundary Thailand-Cambodia-LaoPDR: Emeral Triangle
Species on the Verge or Over the Edge of Extinction
Species which formerly occurred in the Preah Vihear Protected Forest (PVPF) include : • Asian Two-horned Rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis). • Lesser One-horned Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus), which was last observed in Cambodia in
the 1930s. • Kouprey (Bos sauveli), whose last confirmed observation in the PVPF was in 1964. • Wild Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), whose last confirmed observation in the PVPF was in 1964. • Indochinese Tiger (Panthera igris), whose last confirmed observation in the PVPF was in 2003. • Asiatic Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus). • Large-antlered Muntjac (Megamuntiacus).
@ Alain Compost
@ Alain Compost
Transboundary Thailand -Cambodia
Transboundary Thailand-Cambodia
Transboundary Thailand- Cambodia
SUCCESSIONAL FACTOR
TAKE HOME MASSEGE
- Ecosystems and Connectivity and Biodiversity - Local Livelihoods and Poverty Reduction in Transboundary Landscape - Climate change and Transboundary Landscape - Sustainable Financing