*th Grade Final Exam Notecards

Final Exam

Deformation caused by rubbing two pieces of rock together.

Shearing

Deformation like a trash compactor.

Compression

The layers of rock form an arch.

Anticline

Rock becomes thinner in the middle than at the ends.

Tension

Landmass increases in elevation over time.

Mountains

Thin and runny lava.

Dark-colored lava

Seismic wave that travels through liquids, gases, and solids.

Primary waves

Earthquakes are caused by.

Faulting

Where rocks break and move beneath Earth’s surface.

Focus

Volcano that has erupted but now inactive.

Dormant

Iron and nickel make up this layer of the Earth.

Core

Scientists study the structures of the Earth’s core?

Seismic Waves

The Earth’s thickest layer is?

Mantle

The second deepest layer of the Earth?

Mantle

What is the lithosphere made of?

Solid plates

More dense crust is pushed under less dense crust.

Subduction

Moves air in the atmosphere.

Convection Currents

The theory that links continental drift and ocean-floor spreading together

Plate Tectonics

Plate Boundary that slides past one another.

Strike-slip boundary

Plate boundaries that come together.

Convergent boundaries

Large movement of loose rocks and soil.

Landslide

Which horizon is made up of partly weathered rock.

C Horizon

Weathering that changes the makeup of rocks.

Chemical

Wearing away of rocks by wind, water, or other forces.

Abrasion

Weathering that causes smooth and rounded edges.

Mechanical

What can be found in glaciers?

Boulders Sediment Small rock particles

Major agents of erosion?

WindWaterGravity

What caused the Grand Canyon?

Erosion

What is a young river in its developmental stage?

Immature river

What causes waves?

EarthquakesWindTidal waves

The characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes.

Traits

Organism that has two different alleles.

Hybrid

Father of Genetics.

Gregor Mendel

The process by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half to form sex cells.

Meiosis

Building blocks of protein.

Amino Acid

Another name for gene splicing?

Genetic Engineering

What 3 things can alter a person’s height from their environment.

Diet Living ConditionsMedical Care

A cross between two genetically different individuals?

Hybridization

A person that inherits an abnormal condition through genes or chromosomes.

Genetic Disorder

A person with one dominant and one recessive allele, but shows the dominant trait is?

Carrier

A trait that helps an organism survive and produce is called?

Adaptations

The process by which individuals are better adapted to their environment.

Natural Selection

What is the major event that causes a new species?

Geographic IsolationMountain RangesContinental Drift

A fossil formed when minerals replace all or part of the organism.

Petrified fossils

What are three things that fossils can be preserved in?

Sediments Ice Tar pitsAmber

A technique used to determine which of two fossils is older?

Relative Dating

A diagram that shows how different organisms are related?

Branching Tree

What is it called when a species produce to many offspring?

Overproduction

The gradual change in a species over time.

Evolution

The name of the book that Darwin published?

The origin of species