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Tribute To Swiss Service in The U.S. Civil War Bearing Arms to
Preserve Liberty In A Foreign Conflict
200th Anniversary National Celebration of the Birth of Abraham
Lincoln
100th Anniversary of the Henry Wirz Statue in Andersonville,
GA
Saturday, August 8, 2009 AM- National Civil War Museum,
Harrisburg PM- Gettysburg Battlefield Tour, Gettysburg
Please join us in tribute to servicemen of Swiss descent from
both sides of the conflict who gave service to the solution of the
American civil conflict of 1861-1865.
Swiss Rifles Tribute and Salute (under consideration- invited,
not yet confirmed)
National Civil War Museum, Harrisburg Guided Battlefield Tour,
Gettysburg
Music of The Time & Cultural Aspects
Did you know?
• Six Civil War veterans became President of the United States;
only one became president of another country – Switzerland, soldier
Emil Frey.
• Only one man from the Confederate Army was tried, convicted
and executed for war crimes at the end of the Civil War; Swiss-born
Henry Wirz, Commandant of Andersonville, GA Prison. • 6,000 Swiss
fought in the Civil war for both sides, including the famous “Swiss
Rifles”
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Theme Built Around All Swiss Soldiers, Swiss Women &
Children
Specific Details to be Researched Further- Draft Document, not
for distributions
Emil Frey- Soldier who became Swiss President in 1875 Six Civil
War veterans became President of the United States; only one became
the president of another country – Switzerland; his name was Emil
Frey.
Emil Johann Rudolf Frey (October 24, 1838 - December 24, 1922)
was a Swiss politician, soldier in the American Civil War and
member of the Swiss Federal Council (1890–1897). Frey was born in
Arlesheim, Switzerland, as the son of Emil Remigius Frey. His
father was liberal separatist politician. Frey's family provided
refuge for Friedrich Hecker when he fled the repression following
the revolution in Germany in 1848. He later emigrated to the USA
arriving in Belleville, Illinois an area with many Forty-Eighters,
veterans of the 1848 revolutions in Europe. For a while he worked
for Hecker, but they had a falling out.[1]
Career during the American Civil War Frey entered the unionist
24th Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment as a private. Hecker was
his commander, and they became friends again, with Frey sharing a
tent with Hecker's son. Frey was made ensign and later rose to the
rank of colonel, raising the 81st Illinois Regiment. He was taken
prisoner and held in Libby Prison for eighteen months before being
exchanged for Captain Gordon, a Confederate prisoner under sentence
of death.[2]
Swiss politician After the Civil War, Frey returned to
Switzerland. From 1866 to 1872, he was a member of the cantonal
government of Basel-Country. In 1870, he married Emma Kloss
(1848-1877) with whom he had five children. In 1872, Frey was
elected to the Swiss National Council, council he presided in
1875/1876. From 1882 to 1888, Frey was the first ambassador
(Minister) of Switzerland to the United States in Washington. He
was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on December 11,
1890 and handed over office on March 31, 1897. He was affiliated to
the Free Democratic Party. During his office time he held the
Military Department. He was President of the Confederation in
1894.
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Henry Wirz- Zurich Born- Exonerated for War Crimes at
Andersonville, GA Only one man from the Confederate Army was tried,
convicted and executed for war crimes at the end of the Civil War;
Swiss-born Henry Wirz, Commandant of Andersonville, GA Prison.
Henry Wirz November, 1822 – November 10, 1865 (aged
43)
Henry Wirz
Place of birth Zurich, Switzerland Place of death Washington,
D.C.
Allegiance Confederate States of America Service/branch
Confederate States Army
Years of service 1861–65
Rank major Commands
held Andersonville Prison
Battles/wars Battle of Seven Pines
Heinrich Hartmann Wirz[1], better known as Henry Wirz (November
1822 – November 10, 1865) was a Confederate officer tried and
executed in the aftermath of the American Civil War for conspiracy
and murder relating to his command of Camp Sumter, the Confederate
prisoner of war camp in Andersonville, Georgia.
Medical career and family
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Born in Zürich, Switzerland, Wirz graduated from college in
Zurich. He later went to medical schools in Paris and at the
University of Berlin, but there is no evidence he ever obtained any
degrees. Wirz practiced medicine for a time before he emigrated to
the U.S. in 1849 which was, as with many Forty-Eighters, probably
in connection with the failed Revolutions of 1848 in the German
states and elsewhere, or the Swiss Sonderbund war.[citation needed]
Wirz, who had married in 1845 and had two children, was imprisoned
briefly in the late 1840s for unknown reasons.[2]
He established a medical practice in Kentucky where he married a
Methodist widow named Wolfe. Along with her two daughters they
moved to Louisiana. In 1855 his wife gave birth to their daughter
Cora. By 1861, Wirz had a successful medical practice.[3][4]
Civil War When the American Civil War broke out in 1861 Wirz
enlisted as a private in Company A, Fourth-Battalion, Louisiana
Volunteers of the Confederate States Army. He took part in the
Battle of Seven Pines in May 1862, during which he was severely
wounded by a minie ball and lost the use of his right arm.[4] Wirz
subsequently served on detached duty as a prison guard in Alabama,
then transferred to help guard Federal prisoners incarcerated at
Richmond, Virginia. Because of his injury, Wirz was assigned to the
staff of General John Winder, who was in charge of Confederate
prisoner of war camps.[3]
In February, 1864, the Confederate government established Camp
Sumter, a large military prison near the small railroad depot of
Andersonville, Georgia, to house Union prisoners of war. In March,
Wirz took command of Camp Sumter where he remained for over a
year.[3]
Though wooden barracks were originally planned, the Confederates
incarcerated the prisoners in a vast, rectangular, open-air
stockade originally encompassing sixteen and a half acres, which
had been intended as only a temporary facility pending prisoner
exchanges with the north. The prison suffered an extreme lack of
food, tools and medical supplies, severe overcrowding, poor
sanitary conditions and a lack of potable water. At its peak in
August 1864, the camp held approximately 32,000 Union prisoners,
making it the fifth largest city in the Confederacy. The monthly
mortality rate from disease and malnutrition reached 3000. Around
45,000 prisoners were incarcerated during the camp's 14-month
existence, of whom 13,000 (28%) died.[5]
Trial and execution
The execution of Henry Wirz near the US Capitol moments after
the trap door was sprung.
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Wikisource has original text related to this article: Wirz
Appeal to President Johnson
Wirz was arrested in May, 1865 by a contingent of federal
cavalry and taken by rail to Washington, D.C., where the federal
government intended to place him on trial for conspiring to impair
the lives of Union prisoners of war.[3]
In July 1865, the trial convened in the Capitol building and
lasted two months, dominating the front pages of newspapers across
the United States. The court heard the testimony of former inmates,
ex-Confederate officers and even nearby residents of Andersonville.
Finally, in early November, the commission announced that it had
found Wirz guilty of conspiracy as charged, along with 11 of 13
counts of murder. He was sentenced to death.
In a letter to President Andrew Johnson, Wirz asked for
clemency, but the letter went unanswered. Wirz was hanged and later
buried in the Mount Olivet Cemetery in Washington, D.C. He was
survived by his wife and one daughter.
Henry Wirz was the only man tried, convicted and executed for
war crimes during the Civil War. His conviction is controversial
still today.[5][6]
Many people today[7]feel that Wirz was unfairly tried and
convicted because of the fact that the South had low food rations,
which was out of Wirz's control.[citation needed] In fact, in many
instances, the South was unable to feed its own soldiers as the war
progressed. Additionally, many historians[who?] have reported over
the years that Union prison camps were just as harsh as anything
experienced in Andersonville, yet no trials addressing the
conditions in Federal prison camps were ever held. Wirz's trial and
conviction also served to overshadow the many atrocities that were
perpetrated at the Union prison camps.[citation needed]
Popular culture • Wirz's trial was depicted in the 1970
television film The Andersonville Trial, directed by George
C. Scott who had appeared in the Broadway play by Saul Levitt
upon which it was based. It featured Richard Basehart as Wirz and
William Shatner as chief government prosecutor Lieutenant Colonel
N.P. Chipman. The film centered upon the question of whether Wirz
should have been condemned for following orders, in a parallel with
the then-current controversy over the My Lai Massacre during the
Vietnam War.
• TNT's 1996 Movie, Andersonville, Jan Triska played Wirz.
Notes 1. ^ Heinrich Hartmann Wirz
http://www.us-civilwar.com/wirz.htm 2. ^ crimelibrary.com: Captain
Henry Wirz [1] 3. ^ a b c d
http://history.swissroots.org/263.0.html Swiss Roots:Henry Wirz 4.
^ a b
http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/Wirz/BIO1.HTM Wirz
Trial, Biographies:Capt Wirz 5. ^ a b
http://www.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/11andersonville/11facts1.htm
Andersonville Prison
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6. ^
http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/Wirz/Wirz.htm The
Trial of Captain Henry Wirz Commandant Andersonville Prison
1865
7. ^ Heidler, David Stephen et al. Encyclopedia Of the American
Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History, NY: Norton,
2001. "Wirz did not receive a fair trial. Nevertheless, he was
found guilty and sentenced to death."
[edit] References • Chipman, Norton, P. The Tragedy of
Andersonville; Trial of Captain Henry Wirz, the Prison
Keeper, (Sacramento, 1911). • Futch, Ovid. History of
Andersonville Prison, (Gainesville: University of Florida Press,
1968). • Harper, Frank. Andersonville: The Trial of Captain Henry
Wirz, MA Thesis, (University of
Northern Colorado, 1986).
[edit] See also • Andersonville Prison • Champ Ferguson • Norton
P. Chipman
External links • Entries from Wirz's diary made days before his
execution • Henry Wirz biography • Crime Library: Captain Henry
Wirz • Documents suggesting Wirz's innocence • Trial of Captain
Henry Wirz • The Andersonville Trial (Broadway play) at Internet
Broadway Database • The Andersonville Trial at the Internet Movie
Database
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Wirz"
Categories: 1822 births | 1865 deaths | Confederate Army officers |
People executed by hanging | Executed military personnel | 19th
century executions by the United States | Georgia (U.S. state) in
the American Civil War | Americans of Swiss descent | Americans of
Swiss-German descent | American people convicted of war crimes |
Forty-Eighters | People executed by the United States military |
Burials at Mount Olivet Cemetery (Washington, D.C.) | Executed
American people Hidden categories: All articles with unsourced
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The Andersonville Trial TV Adaptation From Wikipedia, the free
encyclopedia
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The Andersonville Trial was a television adaptation of a 1959
hit Broadway play by Saul Levitt, presented as an episode of PBS's
1970-71 season of Hollywood Television Theatre.
The play was based on the actual 1865 trial of Henry Wirz,
played by Richard Basehart, commander of the infamous Confederate
Andersonville prison, where thousands of Union prisoners died of
exposure, malnutrition, and disease. A notable cast included
William Shatner as the Chief JAG Prosecutor Norton Parker Chipman,
Jack Cassidy (who was nominated for an Emmy) as Wirz's defense
counsel, and Buddy Ebsen as a Georgia physician called in to
testify about the fate of many of the Union prisoners.
The television adaptation was directed by actor George C. Scott,
who had played the Judge Advocate in the original stage
version.
The TV production of the play won 1971 Emmy Awards for
"Outstanding Single Program," for "Technical Direction and
Electronic Camerawork," and for Levitt's adaptation. It was also
honored with a Peabody Award.
Cast and Characters • William Shatner as Lt. Col. Norton P.
Chipman • Cameron Mitchell as Maj. Gen. Lew Wallace • Richard
Basehart as Capt. Henry Wirz • Jack Cassidy as Otis Baker • Martin
Sheen as Capt. Williams • Buddy Ebsen as Dr. John Bates • Albert
Salmi as James Gray • John Anderson as Ambrose Spencer • Michael
Burns as James Davidson • Woodrow Parfrey as Louis Schade • Whit
Bissell as Dr. Ford • Lou Frizzell as Jasper Culver (Frizzell was
the only member of the original Broadway cast to
appear in the TV-movie)
• The Andersonville Trial at the Internet Movie Database
The Andersonville Trial (Broadway play) at Internet Broadway
Database
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Heinrich Hartmann Wirz From
http://www.us-civilwar.com/wirz.htm
November 1823 - November 10, 1865 Heinrich H. Wirz was born in
Zurich, Switzerland, in 1823 and educated at the universities in
Paris and Berlin before emigrating to the United States in 1849. He
eventually settled in Louisiana, where he married and worked as a
physician. When the war broke out Wirz enlisted in the Confederate
army and was wounded in the Battle of Seven Pines. He lost the use
of his right arm, which never healed and gave him constant pain.
Wirz was promoted to captain and traveled to Europe on Confederate
business from December 1862 to February 1864. The next month he was
named commandant of the newly opened Camp Sumter Prison at
Andersonville, Ga. Andersonville was the worst of all the Civil War
prisons, and news of the atrocious conditions and horrible
suffering of Union prisoners
spread through the North in the spring of 1865. Wirz had a thick
German accent, a quick temper, and was prone to curse and shout.
Described as having a countenance of "ferocity and brutality" and
as being "repulsvie in appearance," many malicious and murderous
deeds were reported to have been perpetrated by Wirz, who has been
called the "monster of Andersonville." However many others,
including some Union prisoners, have described Wirz as "good
hearted by nature, and had nothing cruel about him," a man who
"would not have mistreated anybody." Whether anyone else in the
impossible position of Andersonville's commandant could have
performed the duties better, or that the prisoners would have
suffered any less, remains doubtful. But at the end of the war, the
North demanded that someone pay for the atrocities, and Wirz was
quickly arrested, tried, and executed as a war criminal. Wirz
maintained his innocence to the end. The proceedings at his
military trial were questionable: Most testimony regarding his
alleged crimes was hearsay evidence, and one of his most articulate
accusers was later discovered to be a Union deserter who was given
a government job for his testimony. Fascinating Fact: As Union
soldiers chanted "Wirz, remember Andersonville," the gallows' trap
door opened, but the execution was botched. Instead of his neck
snapping, Wirz slowly strangled -- while the Union soldiers
chanted.
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From SwissRoots.org
HERITAGE - Famous Swiss in the US - Portraits - Henry Wirz-
Henry Wirz
1823 - 1865
Arbitrary execution, torture, starvation, lack of medical care -
the photos and reminiscences of prisoners released at the end of
the American Civil War have a chillingly modern ring. And yet only
one person was tried and executed for war crimes: the Swiss
emigrant, Henry Wirz.
Wirz was born in Zurich to an old Zurich family. His family had
been granted a coat of arms in the 15th century, and its members
had held government office there over many generations. Wirz
qualified as a doctor, studying not only in Zurich but also in
Paris and Berlin.
He immigrated to the US in 1849, and settled at first in
Kentucky, moving later to Louisiana.
When the Civil War started, Wirz enlisted with the Louisiana
Volunteers. He was badly wounded at the Battle of Seven Pines,
losing most of the use of one arm. He was promoted "for bravery on
the field of battle", but this injury left him unfit to fight, and
instead he was attached to General John Winder, who was in charge
of Confederate prisoner of war camps. After stints in two other
prisons, he took charge of Camp Sumter prison, near Andersonville,
Georgia, in March 1864, where he remained for just over a year.
He was arrested by Federal troops in May 1865. Even before the
end of the war, reports had been coming out about the appalling
conditions at Andersonville. The conviction grew that the
Confederates were deliberately mistreating Unionist prisoners. It
is generally agreed today that the victors were looking for a
scapegoat to vent their anger, and Wirz fulfilled that role.
His two-month trial, held in Washington, was a sensation, but
the outcome was a foregone conclusion. He was found guilty of
several counts of murder and of mistreating the prisoners in his
care "willfully and maliciously, in furtherance of his evil
designs" - the purpose being to "weaken and impair" the Unionist
army.
The testimony was damning. In addition to the prisoners he was
found guilty of shooting in cold blood, it was said that he had
used bloodhounds "to seize, tear, mangle, and maim the bodies and
limbs" of escapees, that he injected "impure and poisonous vaccine
matter" into the arms of prisoners, some of whom died as a result,
and that he used his boots to "jump upon, stamp, kick, bruise" a
number of prisoners. He had shackled them in painful positions, and
ordered the guards to shoot any prisoner who crossed the "dead
line": a poorly delineated border within the outer fence. (The
expression has changed its meaning in the last 150 years, but
derives from the Civil War prison camps.)
It is undisputed that conditions at Andersonville were
appalling. Ironically, it was built to relieve overcrowding at the
camp in Richmond, where 10 prisoners a day were dying by the end of
1863. But it was poorly planned and brought into use too early. By
the middle of August 1864 it held 32-33,000 men, and not 10, but up
to 100 were dying every day. Between February 1864 and May 1865 a
total of about
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45,000 Unionist prisoners were held there. About 13,000 of them
- nearly 29 per cent - died. (This compares with an average death
rate of about 13 per cent in Unionist and Confederate prison camps
as a whole.)
But Wirz was not responsible for the planning and construction
of Camp Sumter. The authorities - notably Winder, who conveniently
died shortly before the end of the war - had failed to build the
wooden barracks that were originally planned, and the prisoners
were held in the open air. The guards were poorly trained and
equipped, there was insufficient food, and what there was was often
unsuitable: many prisoners suffered from scurvy which left them
unable to chew and swallow. There was a lack of drinkable water,
and the sanitary conditions were poor. All this meant that
prisoners were often in dire need of medical treatment, but the
supplies were inadequate.
However bad-tempered and inefficient Wirz may or may not have
been, there was nothing he could do to alleviate these
problems.
Even at the time, there were some who recognized that it was a
show trial. Many of the witnesses whom Wirz wanted to call in his
defence were never summoned; others of them complained that
"improper language" had been used to get them to provide material
for the prosecution.
The Washington lawyer, James W Denver, whose firm was originally
defending Wirz, wrote to his wife that he believed Wirz ought to be
acquitted, "but I am of opinion that the intention is hang him and
that no stone will be left unturned to effect it." Denver's firm
backed out on the first day of the trial for that very reason. The
lawyer who took over the defence complained that the military
commission had violated " all rules of law and equity." He singled
out the commission president - Lew Wallace, the author of "Ben Hur"
- for his failure in ensuring justice.
Wirz was duly found guilty, and he was hanged on the same site
where the Lincoln conspirators had been executed a few months
earlier, and where now the US Supreme Court stands.
He denied his guilt until the last; when the death warrant was
read to him, the officer overseeing the hanging told Wirz that he
deplored carrying out this duty. Wirz's reply: "I know what orders
are, Major. And I am being hanged for obeying them."
He lies buried in Mount Olivet cemetery; the simple stone
describes him as "Confederate Hero-Martyr."
Wirz has gone down in history as the first man in modern times
to face a war crimes trial. As such, it laid the ground for the war
crimes tribunals that followed World War II and subsequent
conflicts.
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Soldiers of Swiss Descent- An Assessment 6,000 Swiss in Civil
war.- 15th Missouri Regiment- Swiss Rifles.
15th Missouri, USA, aka "the Swiss Rifles"....fact...."This
distinguished regiment is included as one of William F. Fox's
(circa 1889) top 300 Union Fighting Regiments."
15th Regiment of Union Volunteer Infantry: Organized at St.
Louis, Mo., August and September, 1861. Moved to Jefferson City,
Mo., September, 1861. Attached to Fremont's Army of the West to
January, 1862. 5th Brigade, Army of Southwest Missouri, to March,
1862. 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, Army of Southwest Missouri, to
May, 1862. 1st Brigade, 5th Division, Army of Mississippi, to
September, 1862. 35th Brigade, 11th Division, Army of Ohio, to
October, 1862. 35th Brigade, 11th Division, 3rd Army Corps, Army of
Ohio, to November, 1862. 2nd Brigade, 3rd Division, Right Wing 14th
Army Corps, Army of the Cumberland, to January, 1863. 2nd Brigade,
3rd Division, 20th Army Corps, Army of the Cumberland, to October,
1863, 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, 4th Army Corps, to April, 1864.
3rd Brigade, 2nd Division, 4th Army Corps, to June, 1865. 2nd
Brigade, 2nd Division, 4th Army Corps, to August, 1865. Dept. of
Texas to December, 1865.
SERVICE:--Fremont's Campaign against Springfield, Mo., October
4-November 8, 1861. Moved to Rolla, Mo., and duty there until
February, 1862. Curtis' Campaign in Missouri and Arkansas against
Price February and March. Advance on Springfield February 2-11.
Pursuit of Price into Arkansas February 14-29. Battles of Pea
Ridge, Ark., March 6-8. March to Batesville April 5-May 3. Moved to
Cape Girardeau, Mo., May 11-22; then to Pittsburg Landing, Tenn.,
May 23-26. Siege of Corinth May 27-30. Pursuit to Booneville May
31-June 6. At Rienzi until August 26. Moved to Cincinnati, Ohio,
August 26-September 14; then to Louisville, Ky., September 17-19.
Pursuit of Bragg into Kentucky October 1-16. Battle of Perryville,
Ky., October 8. March to Nashville, Tenn., October 16-November 7.
Duty at Nashville until December 26. Advance on Murfreesboro
December 26-30. Battle of Stone's River December 30-31, 1862, and
January 1-3, 1863. Duty near Murfreesboro until June. Expedition
toward Columbia March 4-14. Middle Tennessee (or Tullahoma)
Campaign June 23-July 7. Fairfield June 27-29. Esuntil Springs July
2. Reconnoissance to Anderson July 11-14. Occupation of Middle
Tennessee until August 16. Passage of Cumberland Mountains and
Tennessee River and Chickamauga (Ga.) Campaign August 16-September
22, Battle of Chickamauga September 19-20. Siege of Chattanooga
September 24-November 23. Chattanooga-Ringgold Campaign November
23-27. Orchard Knob November 23-24. Mission Ridge November 25.
Pursuit to Graysville November 26-27. March to relief of Knoxville,
Tenn., November 28-December 8. Operations in East Tennessee
December, 1863, to February, 1864. Dandridge January 16-17, 1864.
Moved to Chattanooga, then to Cleveland, Tenn., and duty there
until May, 1864. Atlanta (Ga.) Campaign May 1-September 8.
Demonstration on Rocky Faced Ridge and Dalton May 8-13. Buzzard's
Roost Gap May 8-9. Battle of Resaca May 14-15. Adairsville May 17.
Near Kingston May 18-19. Near Cassville May 19. Advance on Dallas
May 22-25, Operations on line of Pumpkin Vine Creek and battles
about Dallas, New Hope Church and Allatoona Hills May 25-June 5.
Operations about Marietta and against Kenesaw Mountain June 10-July
2. Pine Hill June 11-14. Lost Mountain June 15-17. Assault on
Kenesaw June 27. Ruff's Station July 4. Chattahoochie River July
5-17. Buckhead, Nancy's Creek, July 18. Peach Tree Creek July
19-20. Siege of Atlanta July 22-August 25. Flank movement on
Jonesborg August 25-30. Battle of Jonesboro August 31-September 1.
Lovejoy Station September 2-6. Operations against Hood and Forest
in North Georgia and North Alabama September 29-November 3.
Nashville Campaign November and December. Columbia, Duck River,
November 24-27. Spring Hill November 29.
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Battle of Franklin November 30. Battle of Nashville December
15-16. Pursuit of Hood to the Tennessee River December 17-28.
Columbia December 19. Pulaski December 25. March from Pulaski to
Decatur, Ala., and duty there until April, 1865. Moved to Blue
Springs April 1-5, then to Nashville, Tenn., April 19, and duty
there until June. Moved to New Orleans June 15-23, and to Port
Lavaca, Texas, July 18-24. Duty there until October. Moved to
Victoria October 27 and duty there until December. Mustered out
December 25, 1865.
Regiment lost during service 8 Officers, and 107 Enlisted men
killed and mortally wounded and 1 Officer and 106 Enlisted men by
disease. Total 222.
John Daniel Imboden, 1823-1895, lawyer, politician and soldier,
born near Staunton, Virginia. His great grandfather emigrated from
Henau, Canton St Gallen, in 1752. He is best known for his
successful defense of the Shenendoah Valley Lawyer as a Brigadier
General on the Confederate side in the Civil War. After the war he
returned to his practice as a lawyer, and also worked to promote
the steel industry in western Virginia.
German speaking elements – From:
http://wesclark.com/jw/foreign_soldiers.html
Immigration from the German speaking areas of Europe, including
the as yet un-united German states, Austria, Switzerland,
Alsace-Lorraine, etc. was particularly heavy prior to the Civil
War, mainly because of economic and political troubles which
culminated in the revolution of 1848. These new settlers had not
had enough opportunity to become assimilated and retained their
language and customs despite their intense loyalty and feelings for
their new homeland.
The Germans, or "Dutch" as they were derisively called (Deutsche
is the German word for "German," hence the confusion with the name
for Hollanders) were resented by their native born neighbors, as
are all new immigrant at the 1st Battle of Bull Run.
McClellan granted Blenker permission to form a division of
German regiments from the Army of the Potomac.
Blenker's German Division
1st Brigade: (Stahel) 8th, 39th, 45th N.Y., 27th Penn. 2nd
Brigade: (Steinwehr) 29th, 54th, 68th N.Y., 73rd Penn. 3rd Brigade:
(Bohlen) 41st, 58th N.Y., 74th, 75th Penn., 4th N.Y. Cavalry with
Schirmer's, Wiedrich's, Sturmfels' Artillery batteries.
The division was assigned to Fremont's corps in the Mountain
department and the Shenandoah Valley. Command passed to Carl
Schurtz. The division under Schurz was incorporated into Franz
Sigel's corps of Pope's Army of Virginia. In September of 1862,
shortly before Antietam, the army corps was reorganized and the
German division now mixed with American regiments became the IX
Corps of the Army of the Potomac, initially under Sigel, then
entrusted to Oliver O. Howard just before the battle of
Chancellorsville. Transferred to the Western army, the corps merged
with the XII Corps to form the XX Corps in April 1864. The XX Corps
served under Sherman in the West until the end of the war. By
the
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time of the consolidation the German character of any unit
larger than a regiment had been lost through field losses, muster
out, conscripts and an admixture of Americans.
One unique regiment forming an original part of the Blenker
division is noteworthy. The "Garibaldi Guards" (the 39th New York
Volunteer Infantry) was composed mainly of Italians and Germans,
but with a unique admixture of men included real Zouaves from
Algiers, foreign legionnaires, Cossacks, Indian Sepoys, Turks,
Slavs, Swiss, Spaniards and Austrians. Its commander, Colonel
D'Utassy, was a Hungarian who had been a circus trick rider. He
proved to be a rogue, however, later spending time in prison. The
unit was uniformed in the distinctive green and plumes of the
Italian Bersaglieri -- light Infantry.
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From:
http://theswisscenter.com/thecenter/documents/sister-republics.pdf
Sister Republics Document- Excerpt The Swiss and the American Civil
War – I The Swiss Consul General in Washington estimated in 1862
that up to six thousand Swiss-born soldiers were fighting in the
Union Army. Entire units were predominantly Swiss, for instance the
15th Missouri Regiment, known as the “Swiss Rifles,” and Company A
of the First United States Sharpshooters. One Swiss soldier, Emil
Frey (1839- 1922), after serving a harrowing eighteen months in a
Confederate prison, returned to Switzerland. In 1882, he became the
first Swiss minister to the United States and, in 1894, President
of the Swiss Confederation. Although some Swiss fought for the
excitement, many were motivated by idealism. They felt that it was
their duty to “support the great cause of the republic” and to
fight for “an idea that is destined to bring freedom to all men.”
Very few Swiss served in the Confederate army. One of them was
Major Henry Wirz (1823-1865) of Zurich, commander of the notorious
Confederate prisoner of war camp at Andersonville, Georgia, where
Union prisoners died in terrifying numbers. He was sentenced to
death by Union authorities, but some believe that he served merely
as a scapegoat for the crimes of others, and an effort is being
made to reopen his case to rehabilitate his name. At the end of the
American Civil War in the spring of 1865, some 20,000 Swiss
citizens, encouraged by the Radical and Liberal parties, signed
more than 300 letters to the American government, congratulating it
on its victory and offering condolences on the death of Abraham
Lincoln. Citizens of Switzerland also expressed to America their
concern for the newly emancipated slaves, urging America to provide
the freed men with financial and educational support. The Swiss and
the American Civil War – II At the end of the war, some Swiss
politicians wished to honor the “Transatlantic Sister Republic” by
establishing a “permanent memorial” in the west wing of the Federal
Building in Bern. They thought of a painting which would represent
Lincoln, Johnson, Grant and Sherman in “striking scenes.” The money
from an unofficial fund-raising campaign was given to the painter
Frank Buchser (1828-1890), who traveled to the United States in the
spring of 1866. Buchser carried with him a letter of introduction
addressed by the Federal Council to William Seward, the Secretary
of State: “Switzerland has attentively watched the might contest in
the United States, and now greets with great joy the victories of
the Union. The names of the great statesmen and warriors, to whom
the triumph is due, are as well known and as much honored here as
in the Untied States. These circumstances suggested the idea to one
of our artist to collect these figures and scenes in one group, to
form a large historical painting, to decorate our Hall of
Representatives. When his work is finished, we may truly say that
the Republics of the Old and New World have a new bond of union.”
The project as a whole was never executed. In 1870 Buchser wrote:
“In general, people in our country have expressed the desire that
the friendly relations between Switzerland and her great Sister
Republic, the United States, should be truly heartfelt. This urge
to fraternize became especially strong when the North emerged
victorious from the long gigantic struggle and the names of
Lincoln, Grant, Sherman, etc. were mentioned with such great
respect. (...) I painted a few portraits, and I hope that, in the
Federal palace, they will make a favorable impression upon my
fellow Swiss and become, for Americans, an eloquent testimony of
our mutual Friendship.”
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Battle Positions
Harrisburg to Gettysburg- Northern troops flood down the
Susquehanna River from points north in New York State and
Pennsylvania and march to take positions in Gettysburg in July
1863
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Gettysburg Battlefied Tour Guide
We will tour the battlefield with Mr. Guillermo Bosch, a
certified Civil War battlefield guide and specialist on the
Gettysburg events, and has deep knowledge of the Illinois
Regimental positions.
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Event Organizers
International Bundesbrief Society- 501c3, public charity
supporting democracy, constitutional liberty and scholarship with
the Swiss Bundesbrief as its namesake.
Jim Scherrer- President of Society Scherrer Resources, Inc. 140
Arrandale Blvd. Exton, PA 19320 484-875-1700, [email protected]
W Clement Smith- Member clement global options Post Office Box
Fifty-two Gradyville, Pennsylvania 19039-0052 ++1 610 500 9852
[email protected] www.clementglobaloptions.com Map of
Switzerland- Source of Swiss Participating in US Civil War
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American Paintings (1866-1871) Civil War Rendered By Swiss
Buchser
Frank Buchser traveled to America in Spring 1866. He brought
with a letter of recommendation by the Swiss Federal Councilor
Jakob Dubs.
It was published in the „New York Times" :
„Switzerland has attentively watched the mighty contest in the
United States, and now greets with great joy the victories of the
Union. The names of the great statesmen and warriors, to whom the
triumph is due, are as well known and as much honored here as in
the United States. These circumstances suggested the idea to one of
our artists to collect these figures and scenes in one group, to
form a large historical painting, to decorate our Hall of
Representatives. The painter selected, Mr. Buchser of Solure, goes
to America to compose this picture He is an artist of great
celebrity, and I take the liberty of recommending him to your kind
consideration. I hope he will be welcome and when his work is
finished, we may truly say, that the Republics of the old and new
World have a new bond of union."
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General William Tecumseh Sherman,1869
By Frank Buchser, Swiss Painter
Property of the Swiss Confederation
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Robert E. Lee, Lexington, Virginia 1869
Frank Buchser, Swiss Artist
Property of Swiss Confederation
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We hope to be able to dig out and stand up the famous and newly
refreshed “Sister Republics Exhibition” somewhere in the National
Civil War Museum during this event if we can get sponsor funds to
cover transhipment.
For details, see
http://theswisscenter.com/thecenter/documents/sister-republics.pdf
Sister Republics Exhibit
As Viewed at the National Constitution Center June 10, 2006
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Abe Lincoln To Attend
The “Persona” Surprise
A delight for children and parents alike.
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http://www.nationalcivilwarmuseum.org/
Join The National Civil War Museum
by calling 1-866-BLU-GRAY
y balanced presentations are humanistic in nature without bias
to Union or Confederate causes.
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Site of Tribute to Swiss Fallen In US Civil War
Come See and Hear The Tribute
History: It's a Blast! PRICE OF ADMISSION
Adults $8 Seniors $7
Students $6 *Family Pass $30
*Family Pass - Two adults & up to 3 students (immediate
family members only)
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Shop At Their Store at www.CivilWarShopping.com
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Special Offer to Descendents of Swiss who Fought In War
Join this event as one part of a Pilgrimage of your Family
History
We can assist in research of your family’s involvement in the
Civil War.
Please identify yourself to us if you know your family to be
descendent from a Civil War Soldier and provide some minor bit of
information, and also contact details for yourself.
Commemorative Lapel Pin- Confederate, Yankee and Swiss Flag on
One Pin to commemorate this event and the involvement of your
family in the Civil War.
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List of Sponsor Opportunities
Sisters Republics Exhibit- Pay for Transhipment from Storage to
Gettsyburg $10,000
Lincoln Personage- $500- Jim Hayney local person here in Camp
Hill who impersonates Lincoln. http://lookingforalincoln.com/
Cannon Rental- $250
Room Rental- $400
Swiss Rifles- Volley Blanks & Transportation- $250
Wine & Cheese on Battlefield- $500
Swiss Miss Singers- $800
Lunch Tables-
Luncheon Layout-
Sovenir Pamplet- 8 x 11
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Six Civil War veterans became President of the United States;
only one became president of another country – Switzerland, soldier
Emil Frey.Theme Built Around All Swiss Soldiers, Swiss Women &
ChildrenSpecific Details to be Researched Further- Draft Document,
not for distributionsEmil Frey- Soldier who became Swiss President
in 1875Six Civil War veterans became President of the United
States; only one became the president of another country –
Switzerland; his name was Emil Frey.Career during the American
Civil WarSwiss politician
Henry Wirz- Zurich Born- Exonerated for War Crimes at
Andersonville, GAOnly one man from the Confederate Army was tried,
convicted and executed for war crimes at the end of the Civil War;
Swiss-born Henry Wirz, Commandant of Andersonville, GA
Prison.Medical career and familyCivil WarTrial and executionPopular
cultureNotes[edit] References[edit] See alsoExternal links
The Andersonville Trial TV AdaptationFrom Wikipedia, the free
encyclopediaCast and Characters