tgas b.ing

7/31/2019 tgas b.ing

1/24

The components of

microscope consists of:1. Ocular lens

Part close to the eye of the

observer while observing the

object. Ocular lens mounted ona tube of a microscope.

Magnification of the ocular

lens, there are three kinds,

namely 5x, 10x, and 12.5 x.

2. Microscope tube

Is a link eyepiece and

objective lens. Tube mountedon the serrated grip attached to

the upper microscope.

Through the jagged, tabugn


2/24

can be moved up and down.

3. Makrometer (coarse steeringscrews)

Is a component for moving the

microscope tube to the top

dank e down with a big shift.4. Micrometers (fine steering

screws)

Is a component to move the

tube up and down with a subtle

shift.

5. Revolver

It is the player to place the lensobjective lens desired.

6. Objective lens

Is a component that directly


3/24

relate to the object or

specimen. Objective lensmounted on the bottom of the

revolver.

Magnification of the objective

lens varies, depending on thenumber of the microscope

objective lens. For example,

there is a magnification of 10x

and 40x objective lens (a

microscope with two objective

lenses); 4x, 10x, and 40x

(microscope with threeobjective lenses), and 4x, 10x,

45x, and 100x (microscope

with four objective lens ).


4/24

7. Microscope stage

Preparations is a desk or placewhere stocks object/specimen.

At the center of the

microscope stage there is a

hole for entrance of light intothe eye of the observer.

The stage used to put the

object or specimen

preparation. On stage there are

two clamps to clamp the object

glass. In some other

microscopes, the stage can bemoved up and down.

8. Diaphragm

Is a component to adjust more


5/24

or less light coming in through

the hole on the microscopestage. The diaphragm is

mounted on the bottom of the

microscope stage.

9. CondenserIt is a tool to focus the light on

an object or specimen. This

tool is found under the stage.

10. Arm microscope

Is the part that can be held

when lifting or shifting

microscope microscope.11. Mirror reflector

Used to catch the light coming

in through the hole on the


6/24

microscope stage, ie, varying

by location. This mirror has aflat surface and concave

surface. Flat surface is used if

the source is fairly bright light

and concave surfaces used ifthe light is less bright.

12. Leg microscope

Is the resting place of the

microscope. Most microscope

foot shaped like a horseshoe.

B. Preparing Microscope1. Microscopy were taken

from the storage microscope

using both hands when taking


7/24

and bringing the microscope to

the table. One hand holds thearm of a microscope and other

hand holding the feet of a

microscope.

2. Microscope was placed on atable with a flat position and

faced towards the light.

3. Screw the big players

played up to the microscope

tube down to the lower limit.

4. Revolver rotated so that the

objective lens with lowmagnification (eg 10x) just on

its position or just above the

hole stage.


8/24

5. The diaphragm is opened

fully. The position of themirror is set for incoming light

reflected through a hole in the

stage so that through the

eyepiece will appear uniformlybright circle of light. Halo is

known as a field of view.

C. How To Use Microscope

1. Eye-ocular distance:

To prevent eyestrain, take carethe distance between the eye

and ocular. To determine this

distance, the eye approached


9/24

the eyepiece of a maximum

distance of about 1 cm.Optimum distance is achieved

when the field of view appear

as much as possible and as

sharp-sharp. In addition, theeye must be kept open longer.

2. Observation begins with

using an objective lens with

low magnification (eg 10x).

3. While observing through the

eyepiece, the screw is slowly

rotated rough player for themicroscope tube ride. At such

times, the image can be

observed although not so clear.


10/24

Gambit To obtain a clearer,

smoother player screws rotatedso that it can be observed a

clearer picture and better

focus.

4. After observing the imagesusing an objective lens with

low magnification (10x), try

the same object was observed

by using a lens with a more

powerful magnification (eg

40x) by rotating the revolver

so that appropriate 40xobjective lens leads to a hole

in the stage.

Things to remember: during


11/24

the observation with strong

magnification should not usescrews rough player, to get a

good picture (focus) is quite

used screws fine player.

D. Microscope Care

1. Holding a microscope with

both hands when lifting.

2. Starting with the

observation of weak

enlargement before using

powerful magnification.3. No rough play with the

buttons.

4. Removes dirt on the lens


12/24

microscope:

Often microscope imagesremain vague despite having

cultivated fine focus

adjustment. This is often

caused by the front objectivelens is dirty and / or ocular

lens. To ensure the part where

dirty lens, ocular lens first

played, and then, if necessary,

objective lens rotated while

watching the footage to

determine when a layer of dirtthat blurred motion. Then

cleaned with a dirty lens

transerat paper or lens paper.


13/24

Dirty condenser can blur the

picture.When cleaning the front of the

objective lens, it must be

remembered that the lens is

mounted on adhesive that canbe soluble in organic solvents.

Therefore, it is better if you

used distilled water to remove

dirt, if not possible, use

organic solvents that easily

evaporate as little as possible,

for example benzene orpetroleum ether.

5. Ensuring the microscope in


14/24

a dry state, before and after

use.

E. Counting Enlarged Picture

It has been noted previously

that a microscope has twokinds of lenses, namely ocular

lens and objective lens. Both

lens has a certain size

enlargement. Enlargement of

the total for the long tube used

were obtained from the

objective magnificationmultiplied by the

magnification stated in the

eyepiece.


15/24

objective magnification x

eyepiece magnification totalmagnification =

10 x 8 = 80 x

10 x 12.5 = 125 x

40 x 8 = 320 x40 x 12.5 = 500 x

Total of 80-125x

magnification (low

magnification) and 320-500x

(high magnification) given in

the example is sufficient tomeet normal requirements.

Low magnification (3.5 x 8 or

3.5 x 12.5, ie 30-40x total


16/24

magnification) to show the

public of a sample and isusually used for the first

observation on the entire

sample.

F. Sample Preparation

1. A drop of water placed on a

glass object.

2. Objects / specimens are

placed in the water.

3. Cover glass is placed on

premises upper and loweroblique way slowly and

arranged so as not to form air

bubbles. The formation of air


17/24

bubbles can cause the image

quality becomes less good orunclear.

4. Water should fill the space

between the object glass and

cover glass; if the water isspread to other parts of the

object glass, this excess must

be dried (eg with a tissue) with

caution.

5. If the object already exist in

the form of liquid suspense,

suspense droplets can be usedwithout having to shed water

first on the surface of glass

objects.


18/24

Making Media Nutrient ToPlate (NAP) 0.02% (20gr/liter)

A total of 625 ml

Day and date of practicum:

Friday, 01 October 2010

Objective: To find out how to

manufacture the media NAP

Working Principle: NAP is

weighed and then heated until

the exit gas bubbles (boiling)


19/24

and then inserted into the test

tube, and then sterilized in anautoclave for 1 hour. Then

inserted into the plate that

has been sterilized

Basic Theory

Nutrient agar is a commonmedium to test the water and

dairy products. NAP is also

used for the majority of thegrowth of microorganisms

that are not selective, in terms

of heterotrophic


20/24

microorganisms. Media is a

simple media made from beefextract, peptone, and agar.

NAP is one of the media

commonly used in

bacteriological procedures

such as regular testing of

water, Sewage, food products,

to bring the stock culture, tothe growth of bacteria on a

test sample, and to isolate the

organism in pure culture.

Tools and Materials


21/24

a. Tools:

1. Ohaus Balance with

accuracy of 0.1 grams

2. Containers NAP

3. Test tube

4. Plate

5. 500 ml Erlenmeyer6. Hot plate

7. Autoclave

8. Measure pipette

b. Material:

1. NAP 14.00 gr


22/24

2. Aquades

Working Procedure:

1. Considering the container

that is used as a place to

accommodate NAP2. Summing the weight of the

container and the NAP is

needed, then set the scale ofthe scales according to the

total weight of the container

and NAP


23/24

3. Considering the NAP to the

point of balance4. Entering the NAP into the

erlenmeyer and enter aquades

little by little, until 625 ml with

stirring until dissolved

5. Heat up a NAP solution

using a hot plate until boiling

solution.6. Moving a NAP solution into

test tube 15 which is then

sealed.7. Sterilize by autoclave for 1

hour. Then put in 25 plates

that have been sterilized.


24/24

tgas b.ing

Documents