TAIHAN FIBEROPTICS Introduction to TFO OPGW August 11, 2014
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TAIHANFIBEROPTICS
Introduction to TFO OPGWAugust 11, 2014
OPGW
OPtical fiber composite overhead Ground Wire• Protects TL from lightning at the top• Enables power utilities to own long haul optical communication network
TAIHAN FIBEROPTICS
TAIHAN FIBEROPTICS FIBER
Complete line‐up of smf glasses
Types: Single‐modeCategories: Zero Water Peak fibers (G.652)
Non‐Zero Dispersion Shifted (G.655)Bending Loss Insensitive (G.657)Ribbon typeLow Loss (<0.18dB@1550nm)Next generation (G.656)
Premise Access Metro Backbone
<5km 5‐30km 10‐50km 50‐300km
Single Mode Fiber
Zero Water Peak Fiber
Bending Loss Insensitive Fiber
Non‐Zero Dispersion Shifted Fiber
Low Loss Fiber
TAIHAN FIBEROPTICS
Fiber performance
Zero Water Peak Fiber (G.652.D)
Items Unit TaihanAnywave
FujikuraFutureGuide
CorningSMF‐28e
OFSAllWave
Attenuation at 1310 nm dB/km ≤ 0.334 0.327 ≤ 0.35 0.33 ~ 0.35 ≤ 0.34Attenuation at 1383 nm dB/km ≤ 0.31 0.281 ≤ 0.31 0.31 ~ 0.35 ≤ 0.31Attenuation at 1550 nm dB/km ≤ 0.194 0.187 ≤ 0.21 0.19 ~ 0.20 ≤ 0.21Attenuation at 1625 nm dB/km ≤ 0.22 0.202 ≤ 0.23 0.20 ~ 0.23 ≤ 0.24MFD at 1310 nm µm 9.2 ± 0.4 9.15 9.2 ± 0.4 9.2 ± 0.4 9.2 ± 0.4MFD at 1550 nm µm 10.4 ± 0.5 10.3 10.4 ± 0.8 10.4 ± 0.5 10.4 ± 0.5Dispersion value at 1550 nm ps/nm.km ≤ 18.0 16.67 ≤ 18 ≤ 18.0 ≤ 18.0Zero dispersion slope ps/(nm2.km) ≤ 0.090 0.086 ≤ 0.092 ≤ 0.089 ≤ 0.090PMD link design value ps/√km < 0.1 0.05 ≤ 0.08 ≤ 0.06 < 0.06PMD individual value ps/√km < 0.15 0.03 ≤ 0.1 ≤ 0.2 < 0.1Cladding diameter µm 125 ± 0.7 125.1 125 ± 0.7 125 ± 0.7 125 ± 0.7Core‐clad concentricity µm ≤ 0.5 0.11 ≤ 0.8 ≤ 0.5 ≤ 0.5Cladding non‐circularity % ≤ 0.7 0.22 ≤ 1.0 ≤ 0.7 ≤ 1Coating‐cladding concentricity µm ≤ 12 4.02 ≤ 12.5 ≤ 12 ≤ 12Tensile proof test kpsi ≥ 120 125 ≥ 120 ≥ 100 ≥ 100
Characteristics equivalent to competitors’
TAIHAN FIBEROPTICS
Fiber splicing compatibility
Zero Water Peak Fiber (G.652.D)
Trial Manufacturer MFD(µm)
∆MFD(µm)
Bi‐DirectionalSplicing Loss (dB)
1Taihan (VAD) 9.00
.00 .016Corning (OVD) 9.00
2Taihan 9.30
.00 .013Corning 9.30
3Taihan 9.15
.15 .033Corning 9.00
4Taihan 9.30
.30 .054Corning 9.00
5Taihan 9.00
.30 .048Corning 9.30
6Corning 9.30
.30 .050Corning 9.00
7Taihan 9.30
.30 .049Taihan 9.00
Splicing loss comparison with Corning SMF
TAIHAN FIBEROPTICS
Manufacturing OPGW at TFO
• Coloring• Loose tubing• Stranding
1. Coloring
TAIHAN FIBEROPTICS
Take‐upColoring & UV dryPay‐off (pulling)
Coloring together with tensile testing• Fiber identification by color• Coloring in accordance with TIA‐598• Proof/tension test: 120 kpsi >> 100 kpsi
2. Loose tubing process
TAIHAN FIBEROPTICS
TFO’s stainless steel tubing skills• More than 25 years of experience since 1987• Technician/operators average experience over 10 years• Strict fiber length management (optimized excess fiber length in tube)• Uniform tension on every fiber in tube
SUS pulling Fiber pulling Forming Welding Capstan/Driving
SUS tube
3. Stranding process
TAIHAN FIBEROPTICS
Stranding• Managing preform ratio (2 x amplitude/OD) is the key. (confidential rule of thumb). This can be achieved only by deep experience of controlling
the pulling tension of ACS wire & Alloy the stranding pitch
Tube pulling Stranding Preforming Capstan/Driving OPGW
Constructions of TFO OPGW
Non‐metallicLoose Tube
Stainless SteelLoose Tube Stranding
AL‐coveredStainless Steel Tube
“AlumaCore” “HexaCore” “CentraCore”
OPGW
SSLT stranding
• High tensile strength/Long span capability• Up to 288 fibers• Recommended for the users requiring
‐ High tensile strength &‐ High short circuit current capacity
Non‐metallic
• Flexibility• Easy break out• Up to 288 fibers• Recommended for the users requiring
‐Medium mechanical and electrical grades
SS/AL tube
• Excellent crush resistance• Up to 48 fibers• Recommended for the users requiring
‐Medium mechanical and electrical grades‐ Smaller cable diameter
Selection of OPGW constructions
Example
TAIHAN FIBEROPTICS
AL covered tube vs. SSLT stranding type• AL covered tube: Small diameter / Light weight• SSLT stranding: High level Tensile strength and short circuit current
Items Al covered tube SSLT stranding
Construction
Cable diameter 0.453 inch 0.646 inchWeight 0.31 lb/ft 0.42 lb/ft
Short circuit 35kA2.s 190kA2.sUTS 15832 lbs 18000 lbs
Two TFO constructions approved by Northeast Utilities
ACS
Fiber
SUS
Jelly
AL tube
Yarn
ACS
Fiber
SUS
Jelly Yarn
Alloy
Case Study I
Northeast Utility:TFO proposed enhanced specification
over NU’s existing requirements
(1) Fiber upgradeUpgraded fiber without increase in cost, as a fiber maker
TAIHAN FIBEROPTICS
Optical Characteristics
Items Unit Requirements Proposed
G.652D
Attenuation at 1310 nm dB/km ≤ 0.35 ≤ 0.35 ≤ 0.345
Attenuation at 1550 nm dB/km ≤ 0.25 ≤ 0.25 ≤ 0.195
MFD at 1310nm µmSMF‐28e(Largest) 9.3± 0.5
G.655C
Attenuation at 1310 nm dB/km ≤ 0.40 ≤ 0.40 ≤ 0.36
Attenuation at 1550 nm dB/km ≤ 0.25 ≤ 0.25 ≤ 0.22
MFD at 1550 nm µmOFS/Leaf(Largest) 8.4± 0.6 9.6± 0.6
Cladding diameter µm 125 ± 1.0 125 ± 1.0
Cladding non‐circularity % ≤ 1.0 ≤ 1.0
Coating diameter µm Nom. 250 Nom. 250
(2) Cable upgradeEnhanced mechanical and electrical properties of cablewithout increase in OD
TAIHAN FIBEROPTICS
Mechanical & Electrical CharacteristicsItems Unit Requirements Proposed
Rated Breaking strength lbs 18000 18000 19855
Fault current rating kA2.s 100 100 190
Cable diameter inch 0.646 0.646
Sag & Tension CharacteristicsItems Unit Requirements
60F Initial sag ft 6.7
60F Final sag ft 7.5
NESC Heavy
(3) Increased long‐term reliability
TAIHAN FIBEROPTICS
Utility requirements (18,000lbs)
ItemsInitial Final
Sag Tension Sag Tension60F, No Ice, No wind 6.70 ft 1,960 lbs 7.50 ft 1,751 lbs
32F, 1.25” Ice, No wind 13.28 ft 7,943 lbs(44%) 13.28 ft 7,943 lbs
60F, No Ice, 16 psf 8.91 ft 3,364 lbs 9.44 ft 3,177 lbs‐20F, No Ice, No wind 3.92 ft 3,351 lbs 4.46 ft 2,943 lbsNESC Heavy 9.09 ft 5,366 lbs 9.37 ft 5,204 lbs
TFO Proposal (19,855lbs)
ItemsInitial Final
Sag Tension Sag Tension60F, No Ice, No wind 6.70 ft 1960 lbs 7.50 ft 1,751lbs
32F, 1.25” Ice, No wind 13.28 ft 7,943 lbs(40%) 13.28 ft 7,943 lbs
60F, No Ice, 16 psf 8.91 ft 3,364 lbs 9.44 ft 3,177 lbs‐20F, No Ice, No wind 3.92 ft 3,351 lbs 4.46 ft 2,943 lbsNESC Heavy 9.09 ft 5,366 lbs 9.37 ft 5,204 lbs
Decreased maximum tension w/r/t UTS (44% to 40%*)
*Manufacturer’s recommendation to ensure long‐term reliability
Case Study II
Supplied OPGW with spec equivalent to AFL products responding to
user’s specific request
Identical construction, identical performance
TAIHAN FIBEROPTICS
Items AFL DNO 4748 (CC‐55/443) TFO130431A
Construction
Cable diameter 0.443 inch 0.443 inch
Weight 1542 lb/mile 1542 lb/mile
Short circuit 37kA2.s 37kA2.s
UTS 15,919 lbs 15,919 lbs
ACS
Fiber
SUS
Jelly
AL tube
Yarn
ACS
Fiber
SUS
Jelly
AL tube
Yarn
Black Hills Energy, S. Dakota, 2013
Other examples
TAIHAN FIBEROPTICS
Customer Requested AFL spec TFO Spec Construction
Idaho power
DNO‐5484 130461A/24C
DNO‐4382 130462A/48C
Tri‐State
DNO‐7053 130291A/48C
DNO‐7054 130292A/48C
Comparison OPGW with AFL
TAIHAN FIBEROPTICS
Our specification is equivalent with AFL
Customer Requested AFL spec TFO Spec Construction
GlasslandSwitchyard Alumcore/AC‐88/659 1301021A/72C
GSC (WAPA) DNO‐9138 130101A/48C
Pacific Corp DNO‐9139 130661A/48
Umatilla Electric DNO‐8696 1301371A/48
Case Study III
Manitoba Hydro’s 930 mile TL project:• TFO technically qualified• Open specification• Multiple operating conditions• Extreme climate condition• Complex logistics
Operating condition requirements (PLS‐CAD)
TAIHAN FIBEROPTICS
Design condition Requirements Proposed
Operating temperatureMinimumMaximum
‐50℃ (-58F)60℃ (140F)
Ruling span 488m (1,601’)
Ice thickness & wind pressure 33mm (1.3”) & 318 Pa
Resulting maximum tension ≤ 70% of UTS 68% of UTS
Minimum catenary value at ‐10℃ ≥ 1,580m (5,184’) 1,827m (5,994’)
Minimum catenary value at 30℃ ≥ 1,460m (4,790’) 1,675m (5,495’)
Short circuit current capacity 120 kA2.s 120 kA2.s
UTS not specified in RFQ, leaving it to mfr’s suggestions
TFO’s proposal of cable construction (SSLT)
TAIHAN FIBEROPTICS
CHARACTERISTICS OF CABLE VALUE/DESCRIPTION
Stainless steel loose tube
Number of fibers in tube 48 (G.652D low loss < .195dB/km)
Number / Nom. Diameter 1 ea / 4.0mm
Central layerMaterial AL covered stainless steel loose tube
Number / Nom. Diameter 1ea / 5.8mm
Inner layer
Material Aluminum clad steel wire
Number / Nom. Diameter 10ea / 2.5mm
Direction of outer layer Left hand “S”
Outer layer
Material Aluminum clad steel wire Aluminum alloy
Number / Nom. Diameter 8ea/2.5mm 8ea / 2.5mm
Direction of outer layer Right hand “Z”
Overall diameter (mm) Nom. 15.8 (0.622”)
Cable weight (Nom. kg/km) Nom. 738 (.4959 lb/ft)
(*) Ultimate tensile strength (kN) 107.2 (24,116 lbs)
(**) Modulus of elasticity (Nom. kN/mm2) 117
(**) Coefficient of linear expansion (Nom. 10‐6/oC) 15.0(*) Short circuit current capacity (kA2.s)(Initial 20oC, Maximum 200oC) 120
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