Texas v. United States Preliminary Injunction

8/10/2019 Texas v. United States Preliminary Injunction

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IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS

BROWNSVILLE DIVISION

)

STATE OF TEXAS; ))STATE OFALABAMA; )

)STATE OF GEORGIA; )

)STATE OF IDAHO; )

)STATE OF INDIANA; )

)STATE OF KANSAS; )

)STATE OF LOUISIANA; ))

STATE OF MONTANA; ))

STATE OF NEBRASKA; ))

STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA; ))

STATE OF SOUTH DAKOTA; ))

STATE OF UTAH; ))STATE OF WESTVIRGINIA; )

)STATE OF WISCONSIN; )

)GOVERNOR PHIL BRYANT, State o M!""!""!##!; )

)GOVERNOR PAUL R$LEPAGE, State o Ma!%e; )

)GOVERNOR PATRICK L$MCCRORY,State o No&t' )

Ca&o(!%a; a% ))GOVERNOR C$L$*BUTCH+OTTER, State o Ia'o, )

)Plaintiffs, )

)"$ ) Ca"e No$ -.-/01023/

)


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UNITED STATES OFAMERICA; ))

4EH 4OHNSON,Se1&eta&5 o t'e De#a&t6e%t oHo6e(a% Se17&!t5;

)))

R$GIL KERLIKOWSKE, Co66!""!o%e& o U$S$ C7"to6"a% Bo&e& P&ote1t!o%; )))

RONALD D$VITIELLO, De#7t5 C'!e o U$S$ Bo&e&Pat&o(, U$S$ C7"to6" a% Bo&e& P&ote1t!o%;

)))

THOMAS S$WINKOWSKI,A1t!%8 D!&e1to& o U$S$I66!8&at!o% a% C7"to6" E%o&1e6e%t; a%

)))

LE9N RODR:GUE, D!&e1to& o U$S$ C!t!


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TABLEOFCONTENTS

Ta=(e o A7t'o&!t!e" $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ !!

I%t&o71t!o% $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ -

State6e%t o t'e Nat7&e o t'e P&o1ee!%8 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ >

State6e%t o t'e I""7e to =e R7(e U#o% =5 t'e Co7&t $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ /

S766a&5 o A&876e%t $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 3

A&876e%t $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ?

I$ P(a!%t!" a&e L!@e(5 To P&ea!( O% T'e Me&!t" $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ?

A$ Dee%a%t" V!o(ate t'e Ta@e Ca&e C(a7"e $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

B$ Dee%a%t" V!o(ate t'e APA $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ -

II$ P(a!%t!" W!(( I%17& I&&e#a&a=(e I%7&!e" $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 23

A$ P(a!%t!" W!(( Be I&&e#a&a=(5 Ha&6e B5 A%ot'e&H76a%!ta&!a% C&!"!" $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 23

B$

W!t'o7t A P&e(!6!%a&5 I%7%1t!o%, It W!(( Be D!!17(t O&I6#o""!=(e To Ree&"e Dee%a%t" A1t!o%" $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 2?

III$ T'e Ba(a%1e o E7!t!e" T!#" !% PLa!%t!" Fao& $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 2IV$

T'e P7=(!1 I%te&e"t Ne1e""!tate" a P&e(!6!%a&5 I%7%1t!o% $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ >2

Co%1(7"!o% $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ >>

Ce&t!!1ate o Co%e&e%1e

Ce&t!!1ate o Se&!1e


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TABLE OF AUTHORITIES

Cases

Adams v. Richardson,

/ F$2 --3 D$C$ C!&$ ->) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 2-American Bus Assn v. United States,

?2 F$2 323 D$C$ C!&$ -) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ >

Angelus Milling Co. v. Commr of Internal Revenue,>23 U$S$ 2> -/3) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ -

API v. EPA,- F$> 23 D$C$ C!&$ 2) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ >>

Aalachian Po!er Co. v. EPA,2 F$> --3 D$C$ C!&$ 2) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 2, >

Ari"ona v. United States,->2 S$ Ct$ 2/2 2-2) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ >3

Barric# $oldstri#e Mines Inc. v. Bro!ner,2-3 F$> /3 D$C$ C!&$ 2) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ >

Better $ovt Assn v. Det of State, F$2 ? D$C$ C!&$ -?) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ >

Blum v. %arets#&,/3 U$S$ - -2) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ >3

Catano v. 'ocal Board,2 F$ S7##$ --> E$D$ Pa$ -?) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ -

CBS v. United States,>-? U$S$ / -/2) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 2-, >

Cham(er of Commerce v. D)',-/ F$> 2? D$C$ C!&$ -) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ >, >-

Chevron* U.S.A.* Inc. v. +RDC,/? U$S$ > -/) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ >>

Christoher ,illage* 'td. Partnershi v. Retsinas,- F$> >- 3t' C!&$ -) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ >


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Chr&sler Cor. v. Bro!n,//- U$S$ 2- -) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 2

Cohen v. United States,3 F$> - D$C$ C!&$ 2) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ >

Crane v. +aolitano,2-> WL -///22, No$ >.-2010>2/0O N$D$ Te$ A#&$ 2>, 2->) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ -2

Cro!le& Cari((ean -rans.* Inc. v. Pena,> F$> ?- D$C$ C!&$ -/) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ -

Da Costa v. +ion,33 F$R$D$ -/3 E$D$N$Y$ -2) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ -

EE)C v. Service -ems Inc.,

? F$> >2> 3t' C!&$ 2-2) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ->

E arte ,allandigham,2 F$ Ca"$ / C$C$S$D$ O'!o -?>) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ -?

/ed. Eress Cor. v. 0olo!ec#i,332 U$S$ > 2) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ->

/-C v. Dean /oods Co.,>/ U$S$ 3 -??) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ >

$eneral Elec. Co. v. EPA,2 F$> > D$C$ C!&$ 22) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 2

0earth* Patio 1 Bar(ecue Assn v. U.S. Det. of Energ&,? F$> / D$C$ C!&$ 2->) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ >/

0ec#ler v. Chane&,/ U$S$ 2- -3) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ -, -

I+S v. Chadha,

/?2 U$S$ - ->) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ -

2anve& v. Alguire,?/ F$> 33 3t' C!&$ 2--) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ >3

2uare"3Ramos v. $on"ales,/3 F$> 3 t' C!&$ 2) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 2/


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4endall v. United States,> U$S$ -2 Pet$) 32/ ->) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ -, 2?, 2

Medellin v. -eas,332 U$S$ /- 2) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ -

Morton v. Rui",/-3 U$S$ - -/) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 2, >2

+ational Assn of /arm!or#ers )rgani"ations v. Marshall,?2 F$2 ?/ D$C$ C!&$ -) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ >/

+ational Por# Producers Council v. EPA,?>3 F$> > 3t' C!&$ 2--) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ >

+ational Mining Assn v. McCarth&,

3 F$> 2/> D$C$ C!&$ 2-/) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ >2

+icholas v. I+S,3 F$2 2 t' C!&$ -) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 2

+'RB v. 005 -ruc#ing* Inc.,33 F$> /? t' C!&$ 2-/) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 2?

+RDC v. EPA,?/> F$> >-- D$C$ C!&$ 2--) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ >

Rodrigue" v. United States,/ U$S$ 322 -) #e& 17&!a6) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 2/

Role Models Am.* Inc. v. 6hite,>- F$> >2 D$C$ C!&$ 2>) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ >/

Romeiro de Silva v. Smith,> F$2 -2- t' C!&$ -3) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 2

Shell )ffshore Inc. v. Ba((itt,

2> F$> ?22 3t' C!&$ 2-) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ >-

S&ncor Intl Cor. v. Shalala,-2 F$> D$C$ C!&$ -) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ >

United States v. Allen,3/ F$2 --? ?t' C!&$ -2) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 2


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United States v. Smith,2 F$ Ca"$ --2 C$C$D$N$Y$ -?) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ -

,irginian R&. Co. v. S&s. /edn +o. 78,> U$S$ 3-3 ->) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ /2

6inter v. +RDC,333 U$S$ 2) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ -/

%oungsto!n Sheet 1 -u(e Co. v. Sa!&er,>/> U$S$ 3 -32) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ -, 2?, >/

Federal Cos!"!#!"o$ S!a!#!es$ ad R#les

U$S$ CONST$ a&t$ II, J >, 1($ 3 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ --, -2

2? U$S$C$ J -2-a) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ >

2? U$S$C$ J -22a) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ >

2? U$S$C$ J -22=) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ >

2? U$S$C$ J -22)>) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ >

2 U$S$C$ J ?3) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ >

>> U$S$C$ J -23-) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ >

>> U$S$C$ J ->3 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ >

/2 U$S$C$ J /25) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ -

/2 U$S$C$ J /> $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ >

/2 U$S$C$ J ?-2 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ >

/2 U$S$C$ J ??-) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ >

3 U$S$C$ J 33> $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 2/

3 U$S$C$ J ?2)a) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 2

3 U$S$C$ J ?2)A) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 2/

U$S$C$ J --3-=)2)A)!) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ -, 2, >


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U$S$C$ J --2 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ -

U$S$C$ J --2a))B)!)II) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ -, 2, >

U$S$C$ J -2-a) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ -, 2, >

U$S$C$ J -223 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ , 2, 2

U$S$C$ J -223a)-) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

U$S$C$ J -223a)>) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

U$S$C$ J -223=)2)A) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

U$S$C$ J -22a)-) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ -

U$S$C$ J -22= $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ -

U$S$C$ J -23/ $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ -

U$S$C$ J -233 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ -, >

U$S$C$ J ->2/a $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 2

U$S$C$ J ->2/aa)-) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ -

C$F$R$ J 2/a$-2 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 2

S!a!e S!a!#!es ad R#les

-? TEX$ADMIN$CODEJ >>$-$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ >>

> TEX$ADMIN$CODEJ >3$2-$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ >>

TEX$LAB$CODEJ 2$/>a)2) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ >>

TEX$RULES GOVERN$BARADMN, R$IIa)3)) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ >>

WIS$STAT$ J >/>$-22)e")?) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ >>

WIS$STAT$ J >/>$-/2)e") $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ >>


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O!%er A#!%or"!"es

- THE RECORDS OF THE FEDERAL CONVENTION OF -Ma Fa&&a% &e$ e$, -??) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ->

2 4AMES WILSON,LECTURES ON LAW PART2, in COLLECTED WORKS OF4AMES WILSONKe&6!t L$ Ha(( Ma&@ Da! Ha(( e"$, 2) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ -/

Ca"" S7%"te!%, Standing and the Privati"ation of Pu(lic 'a!, COLUM$L$REV$-/>2 -) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ -3

CHRISTOPHER N$MAY,PRESIDENTIAL DEFIANCE OF UNCONSTITUTIONAL LAWS-) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ -/

CONG$RESEARCH SERV$,Anal&sis of 2une 9:* ;89; D0S Memorandum47(5 ->, 2-2) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ -, 22

E%8(!"' B!(( o R!8't" o -? $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ->

I66!8&at!o% Reo&6 a% Co%t&o( A1t, P7=$ L$ 0?>, - Stat$ >>3 -?) $$$$$$$$$$ 22

4ACK RAKOVE,ORIGINAL MEANINGS-?) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ->

K&!"t! L7%"t&o6, -he Unintended Effects of the -hree3 and -en3%earUnla!ful Presence Bars, ? LAW CONTEMP$PROBS$ > 2->) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 2, >

Me6o&a%76 &o6 4a%et Na#o(!ta%o, Se1&eta&5 o t'e De#a&t6e%t o Ho6e(a%Se17&!t5, Eercising Prosecutorial Discretion !ith Resect to Individuals6ho Came to the United States as Children47%e -3, 2-2) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ -, -

Me6o&a%76 &o6 4e' C'a&(e" 4o'%"o%, Se1&eta&5, De#a&t6e%t o Ho6e(a%Se17&!t5, Eercising Prosecutorial Discretion !ith Resect to Individuals 6hoCame to the United States as Children and !ith Resect to Certain Individuals

6ho Are the Parents of U.S. Citi"ens or Permanent Residents No$ 2, 2-/) $$$$$$

Me6o&a%76 O#!%!o% o& t'e Se1&eta&5 o Ho6e(a% Se17&!t5, &o6 Ka&( R$T'o6#"o%, P&!%1!#a( De#7t5 A""!"ta%t Atto&%e5 Ge%e&a(, O!1e o Le8a(

Co7%"e(, -he Deartment of 0omeland Securit&s Authorit& to Prioriti"eRemoval of Certain Aliens Unla!full& Present in the United States and toDefer Removal of )thersNo$ -, 2-/) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ -?, -, -, 2-, 22, 2

P&ee%t!%8 Ee17t!e Oe&&ea1' o% I66!8&at!o% A1t o 2-/, H$R$ 33,-->t' Co%8$ JJ 22), 2?), >1) #a""e =5 t'e Ho7"e De1$ /, 2-/) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 2>


10/46

!!!

Sa&a' Fe&&!", $uti

USCIS B&oa1a"t De1$ -, 2-/) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

W!"$ Att5$ Ge%$, OAG020-2 O1t$ /, 2-2) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ >>


11/46

INTRODUCTION

O% oe& 2 o11a"!o%" at!%8 a" a& =a1@ a" Ma&1' 2 a% a" &e1e%t(5 a"

A787"t 2-/ t'e P&e"!e%t o t'e U%!te State" !%"!"te t'at t'e Co%"t!t7t!o%

a% t'e U%!te State" Coe #&o'!=!t '!6 &o6 "7"#e%!%8 t'e Nat!o%" !66!8&at!o%

(a"$ B7t o% Noe6=e& 2, 2-/, 'e ! !t a%5a5. t'e P&e"!e%t a%%o7%1e t'at

'e o7( 7%!(ate&a((5 (e8a(!)$

A" t'e P&e"!e%t '!6"e( a1@%o(e8e 6o&e t'a% 2 t!6e", '!" 7%!(ate&a(

(a6a@!%8 ee&1!"e !o(ate" t'e Ta@e Ca&e C(a7"e o t'e U$S$ Co%"t!t7t!o% a% t'e

A6!%!"t&at!e P&o1e7&e A1t *APA+)$ A% t'!" Co7&t" e6e&8e%15 !%te&e%t!o% !"


12/46

2

&e7!&e =e1a7"e, a6o%8 ot'e& &ea"o%", !t !(( =e !!17(t o& !6#o""!=(e to 7%o t'e

P&e"!e%t" (a(e""%e"" ate& t'e Dee%a%t" "ta&t 8&a%t!%8 a##(!1at!o%" o&

ee&&e a1t!o%$ 47"t t'!" ee@, a% --0te&6 6e6=e& o t'e Ho7"e 47!1!a&5

Co66!ttee #7=(!1(5 a%%o7%1e #(a%" to *'ae '7%&e" o t'o7"a%", ! %ot

6!((!o%", o #eo#(eQ !t' t'e!& o176e%t", &ea5 to "7=6!t t'e6+ at t'e !&"t

6o6e%t 'e% t'e Dee%a%t" "ta&t a11e#t!%8 a##(!1at!o%"$ Sa&a' Fe&&!", $uti


13/46

>

STATEMENT OF THE NATURE OF THE PROCEEDIN&

O% Noe6=e& 2, 2-/, Dee%a%t 4o'%"o% #&o67(8ate t'e DHS D!&e1t!e,-

'!1' #7o&t" to (e8a(!), =)2)A)$ T'!" !6#o"e" a 6a%ato&5

7t5 o% t'e ee17t!e =&a%1'$ SeeCrane v. +aolitano, 2-> WL -///22, at ,

No$ >.-2010>2/0O N$D$ Te$ A#&$ 2>, 2->) 'o(!%8 t'at U$S$C$ J -223 !6#o"e"

a 6a%ato&5 7t5 a% e#(a!%!%8 t'at *tQ'e S7#&e6e Co7&t 'a" %ote t'at

Co%8&e""" 7"e o t'e o& "'a(( !% a "tat7te !6#o"e" a 6a%ato&5 7t5 o% a%

- Me6o&a%76 &o6 4e' C'a&(e" 4o'%"o%, Se1&eta&5, De#a&t6e%t o Ho6e(a% Se17&!t5,Eercising Prosecutorial Discretion !ith Resect to Individuals 6ho Came to the United States as

Children and !ith Resect to Certain Individuals 6ho Are the Parents of U.S. Citi"ens or Permanent

Residents No$ 2, 2-/) *DHS D!&e1t!e+ o& *D!&e1t!e+) Co6#($ E$ A)$


14/46

/

a8e%15 to a1t$+ 1!t!%8 /ed. Eress Cor. v. 0olo!ec#i, 332 U$S$ >, >

2))$ T'!" 6a%ato&5 7t5 ete%" to t'e &e6oa( o a%5 7%o176e%te

!66!8&a%t #&e"e%t !% !o(at!o% o ee&a( (a, 7%(e"" Co%8&e"" #&o!e" a "#e1!!1

e1e#t!o%$ See U$S$C$ JJ --2, -22a)-), -22=, -23/ "ett!%8 "ta%a&" o&

!%a6!""!=!(!t5 a% 1ate8o&!e" o& e#o&ta=!(!t5, a(o%8 !t' (!6!te "tat7to&5

e1e#t!o%", "71' a" 1a%1e((at!o% o &e6oa( a% te6#o&a&5 #&ote1te "tat7")$

Co%8&e"" a("o 'a" a&e""e 'e% a% 7%o176e%te #a&e%t o a U$S$ 1!t! >2>, >> 3t' C!&$ 2-2)$ *A #(a!%t! "ee@!%8

a #&e(!6!%a&5 !%7%1t!o% 67"t e"ta=(!"' IQ t'at 'e !" (!@e(5 to "711ee o% t'e 6e&!t",


15/46

3

IIQ t'at 'e !" (!@e(5 to "7e& !&&e#a&a=(e 'a&6 !% t'e a="e%1e o #&e(!6!%a&5 &e(!e,

IIIQ t'at t'e =a(a%1e o e7!t!e" t!#" !% '!" ao&, a% IVQ t'at a% !%7%1t!o% !" !%

t'e #7=(!1 !%te&e"t$+ 6inter v. +RDC, 333 U$S$ , 2 2)$ P(a!%t!" 6eet t'at

o7&0#a&t "ta%a&$

SUMMARY OF AR&UMENT

I' P(a!%t!" a&e (!@e(5 to #&ea!( o% t'e 6e&!t"$ F!&"t, t'e P&e"!e%t

!o(ate '!" o=(!8at!o% to *ta@e Ca&e t'at t'e La" =e a!t'7((5 ee17te$+ U$S$

CONST$ a&t$ II, J >, 1($ 3$ T'e Ta@e Ca&e C(a7"e e%"'&!%e" t'e a%1!e%t #&!%1!#(e t'at

t'e P&e"!e%t 1a%%ot !"#e%"e !t' (a" 'e !"(!@e"$ He&e, Dee%a%t" 'ae

1&eate a% e%o&6o7" #&o8&a6 t'at !(( 87a&a%tee o#e% to(e&at!o% a% (e8a( =e%e!t"

to 6!((!o%" o 7%o176e%te !66!8&a%t" 'o 6eet t'e P&e"!e%t" 1'o"e% e(!8!=!(!t5

1&!te&!a$ T'e5 ! "o !% 1o%t&ae%t!o% o "tat7to&5 o=e1t!e" a% !% t'e a1e o

1o%8&e""!o%a( o##o"!t!o%$ T'at !" a #a&a!86at!1 ea6#(e o !6#e&6!""!=(e

ee17t!e (a6a@!%8, a" e6o%"t&ate =5 S7#&e6e Co7&t #&e1ee%t a% t'ea%a(5"!" o t'e P&e"!e%t" o% (a5e&"$

Dee%a%t" a("o !o(ate t'e APA % to &e"#e1t"$ T'e DHS D!&e1t!e

!o(ate t'e rocedural &e7!&e6e%t" o t'e APA =e1a7"e !t a" ao#te !t'o7t

%ot!1e a% 1o66e%t$ It a("o !o(ate t'e su(stantive &e7!&e6e%t" o t'e APA

=e1a7"e !t !" 1o%t&a&5 to t'e "tat7to&5 &e8!6e 1&eate =5 Co%8&e""$

II' A="e%t a #&e(!6!%a&5 !%7%1t!o%, P(a!%t!" !(( =e !&&e#a&a=(5 !%7&e$

F!&"t, t'e ee&&e a1t!o% #(a% !(( "et o a%ot'e& '76a%!ta&!a% 1&!"!", 671' (!@e

t'e o%e 1a7"e =5 t'e Dee%a%t" "6a((e& ee&&e a1t!o% #(a% !% 2-2$ Se1o%, !t

!(( =e !&t7a((5 !6#o""!=(e to 7%"1&a6=(e t'e e88 o%1e Dee%a%t" 8!e o7t (a7(0


16/46

?

#&e"e%1e o176e%t" to 6!((!o%" o #eo#(e 'o a&e %ot (a7((5 #&e"e%t !% t'e U%!te

State"$ P(a!%t!" a&e o&1e to &e(5 o% t'e ee&a( 8oe&%6e%t to a!t'7((5

ete&6!%e a% !66!8&a%t" "tat7", a% t'e5 !(( =e 'a&6e ! t'e Dee%a%t" a&e

a((oe to (o7t t'at &e"#o%"!=!(!t5 o% a 6a""!e "1a(e$

III' T'e =a(a%1e o e7!t!e" t!#" !% P(a!%t!" ao&$ T'e P&e"!e%t '!6"e(

'a" &e1e%t(5 a% &e#eate(5 "tate t'at 'e a" (e8a((5 #&o'!=!te &o6o!%8 'at

'e 'a" %o o%e$ C(ea&(5, 'e% 'e 6ae t'o"e "tate6e%t" t'e&e a" %o

oe&'e(6!%8 %ee to ete% ee&&e a1t!o% 7%!(ate&a((5 to / 6!((!o%

7%o176e%te !66!8&a%t"$ No #&!%1!#(e o e7!t5 1o7%te%a%1e" "71' 7%!(ate&a(

1a#&!1!o7"%e""$

IV' F!%a((5, t'e #7=(!1 !%te&e"t %e1e""!tate" a #&e(!6!%a&5 !%7%1t!o%$

F!&"t, t'e Dee%a%t" #&o8&a6 !(( =e !&t7a((5 !6#o""!=(e to &ee&"e o%1e !t 8oe"

!%to ee1t$ Se1o%, Dee%a%t" "ee@ to &e"'a#e t'e "e#a&at!o% o #oe&" !% t'!"

1o7%t&5, #ote%t!a((5 a((o!%8 'o(e"a(e #&e"!e%t!a( &e!"!o%" o t'e U%!te State"Coe$ T'e #7=(!1 e"e&e" a &ea"o%e a% 7%'7&&!e 7!1!a( ea(7at!o% =eo&e t'!"

!"!o% =e1o6e" a &ea(!t5$ T'!&, a #&e(!6!%a&5 !%7%1t!o% o7( "e&e t'e #7=(!1

!%te&e"t =5 #&ote1t!%8 t'e "tat7to&5 #o(!15 o t'e Le8!"(at7&e$

AR&UMENT

I' PLAINTIFFS ARE LI(ELY TO PREVAIL ON THE MERITS

I% t'e P&e"!e%t" o% o&", '!" Noe6=e& 2 ee&&e a1t!o% #(a% a" *a%

a1t!o% to 1'a%8e t'e (a$+ Co6#($ /$ B7t t'e Co%"t!t7t!o%" Ta@e Ca&e C(a7"e,

U$S$ CONST$ a&t$ II, J >, 1($ 3, o&=!" "71' (a6a@!%8$ A% t'e P&e"!e%t"


17/46


18/46

&e#7!ate t'e P&e"!e%t" a=!(!t5 to "7"#e% o& !"#e%"e !t' A1t" o Co%8&e""$ See

2 4AMES WILSON,LECTURES ON LAW PART2, in COLLECTED WORKS OF 4AMES WILSON

2, Ke&6!t L$ Ha(( Ma&@ Da! Ha(( e"$, 2) e#(a!%!%8 t'at t'e

P&e"!e%t 'a" *a7t'o&!t5, %ot to 6a@e, o& a(te&, o& !"#e%"e !t' t'e (a", =7t to

ee17te a% e%o&1e t'e (a", '!1' a&eQ e"ta=(!"'e+); CHRISTOPHER N$ MAY,

PRESIDENTIAL DEFIANCE OF UNCONSTITUTIONAL LAWS-? -) e#(a!%!%8 t'at t'e

Ta@e Ca&e C(a7"e *!" a "711!%1t a% a((0!%1(7"!e 1o66a% t'&o78' '!1' t'e

Fo7%e&" "o78't to #&ee%t t'e ee17t!e &o6 &e"o&t!%8 to a%5 o t'e #a%o#(5 o

e!1e" e6#(o5e =5 E%8(!"' @!%8" to eae t'e !(( o Pa&(!a6e%t+)$

S7#&e6e Co7&t #&e1ee%t 6a@e" 1(ea& t'at t'e Ta@e Ca&e C(a7"e !" 7!1!a((5

e%o&1ea=(e a8a!%"t #&e"!e%t!a( !%o1at!o%" o t'e !"#e%"!%8 #oe&$ Fo& ea6#(e,

!% 4endall v. United States, > U$S$ -2 Pet$) 32/ ->), t'e Co7&t a!&6e

6a%a67" to a 1a=!%et o!1!a( o&e&!%8 '!6 to "ett(e 1(a!6" !t' 6a!( 1o%t&a1to&"

a" &e7!&e =5 a% a1t o Co%8&e""$ T'e 1a=!%et o!1!a( a&87e t'at 'e 1o7( !8%o&et'e a1t =e1a7"e t'e P&e"!e%t 'a a% e1(7"!e 7t5 to ee17te t'e (a", id.at 3/30

/, ?-2, =7t t'e Co7&t !"a8&ee.

To 1o%te% t'at t'e o=(!8at!o% !6#o"e o% t'e P&e"!e%t to "ee t'e(a" a!t'7((5 ee17te, !6#(!e" a #oe& to o&=! t'e!& ee17t!o%, !" a%oe( 1o%"t&71t!o% o t'e CQo%"t!t7t!o% a% e%t!&e(5 !%a6!""!=(e$

Id.at ?->; see also Medellin v. -eas, 332 U$S$ /-, 323 2) P&e"!e%t 'a" *a%

a&&a5+ o !"1&et!o%a&5 o=(!8at!o%" to e%o&1e !%te&%at!o%a( (a, *=7t 7%!(ate&a((5

1o%e&t!%8 a %o%0"e(0ee17t!%8 t&eat5 !%to a "e(0ee17t!%8 o%e !" %ot a6o%8 t'e6+);

%oungsto!n Sheet 1 -u(e Co. v. Sa!&er, >/> U$S$ 3, ?> -32) 4a1@"o%, 4$,

1o%17&&!%8) *W'e% t'e P&e"!e%t ta@e" 6ea"7&e" !%1o6#at!=(e !t' t'e e#&e""e


19/46

o& !6#(!e !(( o Co%8&e"", '!" #oe& !" at !t" (oe"t e==, o& t'e% 'e 1a% &e(5 o%(5

7#o% '!" o% 1o%"t!t7t!o%a( #oe&" 6!%7" a%5 1o%"t!t7t!o%a( #oe&" o Co%8&e""

oe& t'e 6atte&$+);Angelus Milling Co. v. Commr of Internal Revenue, >23 U$S$ 2>,

2? -/3) *EQ#(!1!t "tat7to&5 &e7!&e6e%t" $ $ $ 67"t =e o="e&e a% a&e =e5o%

t'e !"#e%"!%8 #oe& o T&ea"7&5 o!1!a("$+)$>

,' T'e Dee%a%t" 'ae 7%(a7((5 ee&1!"e t'e !"#e%"!%8 #oe& !%

!o(at!o% o t'e Ta@e Ca&e C(a7"e$ W'!(e t'e5 1(a!6 6e&e(5 to ee&1!"e

*#&o"e17to&!a( !"1&et!o%,+ "71' 1(a!6" o %ot ao& t'e ee17t!e a =(a%@ 1'e1@ to

!"#e%"e !t' t'e (a$ T'e "e6!%a( S7#&e6e Co7&t e1!"!o% a&e""!%8

#&o"e17to&!a( !"1&et!o%, 0ec#ler v. Chane&, / U$S$ 2- -3), 7#'e( o%e

#a&t!17(a& ee&1!"e o ee17t!e #oe&$ B7t !% "o o!%8, Chane& 6a@e" 1(ea& t'at

t'e&e a&e &ea( a% 7!1!a((5 e%o&1ea=(e (!6!t" o% t'e P&e"!e%t" a=!(!t5 to !%o@e

#&o"e17to&!a( !"1&et!o% a" a =a"!" o& %o%0e%o&1e6e%t$ I% #a&t!17(a&, t'e P&e"!e%t

1a%%ot 7%!(ate&a((5, *1o%"1!o7"(5,Q a% e#&e""(5 ao#tQ a 8e%e&a( #o(!15+ o %o%0e%o&1e6e%t t'at a##(!e" a1&o""0t'e0=oa&$ Id. at >> %$/$

W'!(e t'e De#a&t6e%t o 47"t!1e" O!1e o Le8a( Co7%"e( atte6#te to

ee% t'e DHS D!&e1t!e a" a% ee&1!"e o #&o"e17to&!a( !"1&et!o%, !t" a%a(5"!"

>See also* e.g., United States v. Smith, 2 F$ Ca"$ --2, -2> C$C$D$N$Y$ -?) *T'e #&e"!e%to t'e U%!te State" 1a%%ot 1o%t&o( t'e "tat7te, %o& !"#e%"e !t' !t" ee17t!o%$+);Da Costa v. +ion,

33 F$R$D$ -/3, -/? E$D$N$Y$ -2) O%1e a =!(( a" #a""e =5 Co%8&e"" a% "!8%e =5 t'e P&e"!e%t,*%Qo ee17t!e "tate6e%t e%5!%8 e!1a15 to t'e (e8!"(at!o% 1o7( 'ae e!t'e& a(!!t5 o& ee1t$+);Catano v. 'ocal Board, 2 F$ S7##$ -->, -- E$D$ Pa$ -?) *T'e P&e"!e%t !" %ot at (!=e&t5 to&e#ea( Co%8&e""!o%a( e%a1t6e%t"$+); Ca"" S7%"te!%, Standing and the Privati"ation of Pu(lic 'a!, COLUM$ L$ REV$ -/>2, -/- -) *TQ'e P&e"!e%t" !"1&et!o%, a% t'e ta@e Ca&e 1(a7"e !%8e%e&a(, o %ot a7t'o&!


20/46

-

a1t7a((5 #&oe" t'at t'e P&e"!e%t a% '!" o!1e&" !o(ate t'e Ta@e Ca&e C(a7"e$

See Me6o&a%76 O#!%!o% o& t'e Se1&eta&5 o Ho6e(a% Se17&!t5, &o6 Ka&( R$

T'o6#"o%, P&!%1!#a( De#7t5 A""!"ta%t Atto&%e5 Ge%e&a(, O!1e o Le8a( Co7%"e(,

-he Deartment of 0omeland Securit&s Authorit& to Prioriti"e Removal of Certain

Aliens Unla!full& Present in the United States and to Defer Removal of )thersat >

No$ -, 2-/) *OLC Me6o+) Co6#($ E$ B)$ I% a1t, t'e Dee%a%t" 'ae !o(ate

%o ee& t'a% t'&ee(e8a( &7(e" a&t!17(ate !% t'e OLC Me6o a% "7##o&te =5 1a"e

(a, a%5 o '!1' o7( =e "7!1!e%t to !%a(!ate t'e DHS D!&e1t!e$

a' F!&"t, t'e Dee%a%t" !o(ate t'e Ta@e Ca&e C(a7"e =5 7%!(ate&a((5

1&eat!%8 a 6a""!e ee&a( #&o8&a6 t'at !" !o&1e &o6 !%!!7a(!


21/46

--

I% o&6a(!

!"1&et!o%)$

A% t'e P&e"!e%t 'a" #&o6!"e t'at DHS !(( 1o%t!%7e &7==e&0"ta6#!%8a##(!1at!o%" 7%e& t'e 2-/ DHS D!&e1t!e$ I% a%%o7%1!%8 t'e ee&&e a1t!o%

#&o8&a6 !% '!" #&!6et!6e a&e"" to t'e Nat!o%, t'e P&e"!e%t #&o6!"e *a ea(+.

*IQ 5o7e ta@e% &e"#o%"!=!(!t5, 5o7e &e8!"te&e, 7%e&8o%e a =a1@8&o7% 1'e1@,

5o7&e #a5!%8 tae", 5o7e =ee% 'e&e o& !e 5ea&", 5o7e 8ot &oot" !% t'e

1o667%!t5 &oure not going to (e deorted$+ Co6#($ 3 e6#'a"!" ae)$ He

! %ot "a5 t'at '!" A6!%!"t&at!o% o7( 1a&e7((5 1o%"!e& a##(!1at!o%" o% a 1a"e0

=501a"e =a"!"; 'e oe&e !%"tea a 7!0#&o07o 'e&e t'e 7! !" "at!"5!%8


22/46

-2

e(!8!=!(!t5 1&!te&!a "#e1!!e !% t'e DHS D!&e1t!e, a% t'e 7o !" a% e%t!t(e6e%t to

"ta5 !% t'e U%!te State"$

L!@e!"e, t'e DHS D!&e1t!e 1o%!&6" t'at Dee%a%t" !(( 1o%t!%7e &7==e&0

"ta6#!%8 a##(!1at!o%"$ T'e D!&e1t!e #7o&t" to 8!e DHS *!"1&et!o%,+ =7t !t oe"

"o !% !&t7a((5 !e%t!1a( te&6" to t'o"e t'at #&oe 6ea%!%8(e"" !% t'e DACA Me6o$

ComareDHS D!&e1t!e at /, !ithDACA Me6o at -, 2$ T'e D!&e1t!e "a5" %ot'!%8

a=o7t 'at a1to&" 6!8't 1o7%"e( a8a!%"t DHS" aoe !"1&et!o% to aa&

ee&&e a1t!o%; =5 1o%t&a"t, t'e e(!8!=!(!t5 1&!te&!a a&e "#e((e o7t !t' #&e1!"!o%$

A% t'e %e #&o8&a6 1o7( %ot =&!%8 7%o176e%te !66!8&a%t" *o7t o t'e

"'ao"+ ! t'e #&o6!"e o ee&&e a1t!o% a" e6#t5$

T'e Dee%a%t" o%(5 1o7%te&a&876e%t !" t'at t'e 6e&e 6e%t!o% o

*!"1&et!o%+ !% t'e DHS D!&e1t!e &e%e&" !t (a7( ee% ! %o !"1&et!o% !" ee&

a1t7a((5 ee&1!"e$ SeeOLC Me6o at 2; DHS D!&e1t!e at /$ T'e Dee%a%t" 1a%

1!te %o a7t'o&!t5 o& t'at 1o%1(7"!o%$ A% t'e (a !" "7a&e(5 to t'e 1o%t&a&5$ A"t'e S7#&e6e Co7&t 'a" e6#'a"!


23/46

->

!o(at!o%" o ee&a( (a a% &ea& t'e6 !t' ee&a( 7%")$ T'at !" '5 OLC

1o%1ee" t'at !t *!" %ot, !% o7& !e, !%"!8%!!1a%t+ t'at t'e DHS D!&e1t!e *e#&e""(5

1o667%!1ate"Q to t'e a(!e% t'at '!" o& 'e& 7%(a7( #&e"e%1e !(( =e to(e&ate o& a

#&e"1&!=e #e&!o o t!6e$+ OLC Me6oat 202-$ I%ee, OLC 1!te" %o a7t'o&!t5

a% P(a!%t!" a&e aa&e o %o%e t'at a((o" t'e 8oe&%6e%t to 7"e *e%o&1e6e%t

!"1&et!o%+ a" 1oe& o& aa&!%8 (e8a( =e%e!t" (!@e t'e T!t(e VI 7%" !%Adams) to

!%!!7a(" 'o a&e o#e%(5 !o(at!%8 ee&a( (a$

U%e& t'e DHS D!&e1t!e, 'oee&, ee&&e a1t!o% &e1!#!e%t" !(( ea&%

ee&a( o&@ #e&6!t", Me!1a&e, a% So1!a( Se17&!t5$ See Co6#($ ?-$ DHS"

#&o!"!o% o So1!a( Se17&!t5 =e%e!t" !" #a&t!17(a&(5 #&o=(e6at!1 =e1a7"e Co%8&e""

e#&e""(5 e%!e t'e6 to !66!8&a%t" 'o a&e %ot *(a7((5 #&e"e%t !% t'e U%!te

State"$+ /2 U$S$C$ J /25)$/ T'7", t'e Dee%a%t" 1a% aa& So1!a( Se17&!t5 to

7%o176e%te !66!8&a%t" o%(5 =5 (e8a(!

t'e (a1@ o "71' a##&oa( (e OLC to 1o%1(7e t'at DHS 1o7( not (e8a(!


24/46

-/

o7t, 'oee&, t'at 1o%1e""!o% !" ata( to t'e e%t!&et5 o t'e Dee%a%t" a1t!o%" !%

t'!" 1a"e$ T'at !" =e1a7"e, a& &o6 a17!e"1!%8 !% Dee%a%t" eo&t" to *@ee# Q

a6!(!e" o U%!te State" 1!t!


25/46

-3

A% ee% ! Co%8&e"" 'a %ot e#&e""(5 o&e1(o"e t'e DHS D!&e1t!e,

Dee%a%t" "t!(( 1o7( %ot &e(5 o% 1o%8&e""!o%a( *#7o"e+ to "'!e( t'e!& 7%!(ate&a(

a1t!o%"$ A" !((7"t&ate =5 t'e -05ea& 7%(a7( #&e"e%1e *ULP+) =a& t'at Co%8&e""

e%a1te !% Se1t!o% --2a))B)!)II), t'e #7o"e" =e'!% t'e Nat!o%"

!66!8&at!o% (a" a&e 1o6#(!1ate a% !%1o%"!"te%t oe& t!6e$ See L7%"t&o6,

sura %ot!%8 t'e ULP #&o!"!o%" =&o@e &o6 Co%8&e""" #&e0-? #&o0a6!(5

#7o"e"); 2uare"3Ramos v. $on"ales, /3 F$> 3, 3-- t' C!&$ 2) t'e ULP

#&o!"!o% *&e(e1t" a 1o%8&e""!o%a( !%te%t to "ee& a% a(!e%" t!e" to t'!" 1o7%t&5,+

&e8a&(e"" o 6!t!8at!%8 1!&176"ta%1e")$ T'7", Dee%a%t" 1a%%ot #!1@ o%e o

Co%8&e""" #7o"e", 7"e !t a" 1oe& to !"#e%"e !t' all o T!t(e a" a##(!e to /

o t'e 7%o176e%te !66!8&a%t" !% t'e U%!te State", a% t'e% 1(a!6 t'at

Co%8&e"" "o6e'o *a17!e"1e+ !% t'e &e"7(t$ Cf. Rodrigue" v. United States, /

U$S$ 322, 32? -) #e& 17&!a6) *IQt &7"t&ate" &at'e& t'a% ee1t7ate" (e8!"(at!e

!%te%t "!6#(!"t!1a((5 to a""76e t'at !hatever 7&t'e&" t'e "tat7te" #&!6a&5o=e1t!e 67"t =e t'e (a$+)$

No& 1a% t'e Dee%a%t" 1(a!6 1o%8&e""!o%a( a##&oa( =5 a&87!%8 t'at

#&e!o7" Co%8&e""e" a17!e"1e !% #&e!o7" ee&&e a1t!o% #&o8&a6" =5 #&e!o7"

P&e"!e%t"$ See OLC Me6o at >-$ F!&"t, a" t'e A6!%!"t&at!o% !t"e( &e1o8%!


26/46

-?

We((, !&"t o a((, te6#o&a&5 #&ote1t!e "tat7" '!"to&!1a((5 'a" =ee% 7"eo& secial circumstances 'e&e 5o7 'ae !66!8&a%t" to t'!" 1o7%t&5'o a&e (ee!%8 #e&"e17t!o% !% t'e!& 1o7%t&!e", o& t'e&e !" "o6ee6e&8e%15 "!t7at!o% !% t'e!& %at!e (a% t'at &e7!&e t'e6 to 1o6e tot'e U%!te State"$ So it !ould not (e aroriate to use that ust for a

articular grou that came here rimaril& . . . for economic oortunit&$6ith resect to the notion that I can ust susend deortations through

eecutive order* thats ust not the case* (ecause there are la!s on the

(oo#s that Congress has assed$ $ $ $ T'e&e a&e e%o78' (a" o% t'e=oo@" =5 Co%8&e"" t'at a&e e&5 1(ea& !% te&6" o 'o e 'ae toe%o&1e o7& !66!8&at!o% "5"te6 t'at o& 6e to "!6#(5 t'&o78'ee17t!e o&e& !8%o&e t'o"e 1o%8&e""!o%a( 6a%ate" o7( %ot1o%o&6 !t' 65 a##&o#&!ate &o(e a" P&e"!e%t$

Co6#($ -$3

A% o% t'e !e&e%1e !% "1a(e, ee% OLC 1o%1ee. *We &e1o8%!

#&e"e%t6e%t$ A% t'e a1t t'at #&e!o7" Co%8&e""e" a##&oe #&e!o7" a6%e"t!e"

a% #&e!o7" ee&&e a1t!o% #&o8&a6" "a5" %ot'!%8 a=o7t 'et'e& t'!" Co%8&e""

a##&oe" o t'!" o%e$ See* e.g., +'RB v. 005 -ruc#ing* Inc., 33 F$> /?, /- t'

3T'e Co%8&e""!o%a( Re"ea&1' Se&!1e 'a" 6ae t'e "a6e !"t!%1t!o%. *MQo"t o t'e"e #&e!o7",1(a""0=a"eQ !"1&et!o%a&5 ee&&a(" 'ae =ee% o%e o% a 1o7%t&50"#e1!!1 =a"!", 7"7a((5 !% &e"#o%"e toa&, 1!!( 7%&e"t o& %at7&a( !"a"te&"$ I% 6a%5 o t'e"e !%"ta%1e", Co%8&e"" a" 1o%"!e&!%8(e8!"(at!e &e6e!e" o& t'e ae1te 8&o7#", =7t 'a %ot 5et e%a1te !66!8&at!o% &e(!e o& t'e6$T'e !66!8&at!o% "tat7" o t'o"e 'o =e%e!te &o6 t'e"e ee&&a(" o e#o&tat!o% ote% $ $ $ a"&e"o(e =5 (e8!"(at!o% a7"t!%8 t'e!& "tat7"$+ CRS DACA Re#o&t at A## A$


27/46

-

C!&$ 2-/) Ea"te&=&oo@, 4$) 1o%8&e""!o%a( e%a1t6e%t" *'ae "to##!%8 #o!%t" a" e((

a" 8e%e&a( o=e1t!e"+)$

O 1o7&"e, t'e Dee%a%t" @%o t'at t'!" Co%8&e"" oe" %ot a##&oe o t'!"

ee&&e a1t!o% #&o8&a6$ SeeCo6#($ /?$ T'at !" t'e e&5 &ea"o% t'e Dee%a%t"

'ae a1te 7%!(ate&a((5 a% a&e Co%8&e"" to *#a"" a =!((+ ! t'e5 !"a8&ee$ Id$

/$ A% !"a8&ee t'e5 !$ O% De1e6=e& /, 2-/, t'e Ho7"e #a""e a =!(( !%!%8

t'at t'e DHS D!&e1t!e *!" !t'o7t a%5 1o%"t!t7t!o%a( o& "tat7to&5 =a"!"+; &ee1t!%8

Dee%a%t" 1(a!6" o *#&o"e17to&!a( !"1&et!o%+; a% e1(a&!%8 t'e DHS D!&e1t!e

*%7(( a% o!$+ SeeP&ee%t!%8 Ee17t!e Oe&&ea1' o% I66!8&at!o% A1t o 2-/,

H$R$ 33, -->t' Co%8$ JJ 22), 2?), >1) #a""e =5 t'e Ho7"e De1$ /, 2-/)$

I%"tea o a##&e1!at!%8 t'e #oe& o t'e =!(( 'e a&e Co%8&e"" to #a"", t'e

P&e"!e%t !"6!""e !t =e1a7"e !t" *o=e1t!e !" 1(ea&(5 to =(o1@ !6#(e6e%tat!o% o

t'e DHS D!&e1t!eQ$+ State6e%t o A6!%!"t&at!o% Po(!15, H$R$ 33 De1$ /, 2-/)$

A" t'e S7#&e6e Co7&t 'a" 'e(, 'oee&, A&t!1(e II oe" %ot *e"t Q !% t'eP&e"!e%t a !"#e%"!%8 #oe&, '!1' 'a" %o 1o7%te%a%1e o& !t" "7##o&t !% a%5 #a&t

o t'e 1o%"t!t7t!o%; a% $ $ $ o7( =e 1(ot'!%8 t'e P&e"!e%t !t' a #oe& e%t!&e(5 to

1o%t&o( t'e (e8!"(at!o% o 1o%8&e"", a% #a&a(5


28/46

-

6o&e t'a% "7!1!e%t to "'o t'e Dee%a%t" a&e atte6#t!%8 *to 1o%t&o( t'e

(e8!"(at!o% o CQo%8&e"",+4endall, > U$S$ -2 Pet$) at ?->$

P(a!%t!" t'e&eo&e a&e (!@e(5 to "711ee o% t'e 6e&!t" o t'e!& 1(a!6 7%e&

t'e Ta@e Ca&e C(a7"e$

B' De)eda!s V"ola!ed !%e APA

S'o&t(5 ate& t'e P&e"!e%t" a%%o7%1e6e%t, '!" DHS Se1&eta&5 o&6a((5

!&e1te a8e%15 #e&"o%%e( to (e8a(!


29/46

-

+' T'e D!&e1t!e !" a *(e8!"(at!e+ &7(e, a% a" "71', !t 67"t 1o6#(5 !t'

t'e APA" #&o1e7&a( a% "7="ta%t!e &e7!&e6e%t"$ See+icholas v. I+S, 3 F$2

2, 0 t' C!&$ -)$? T'at !" "o o& o7& !%e#e%e%t &ea"o%"$

F!&"t, t'e DHS D!&e1t!e *ae1t"Q !%!!7a( &!8't" a% o=(!8at!o%"$+

Chr&sler Cor. v. Bro!n, //- U$S$ 2-, >-0> -); Morton v. Rui", /-3 U$S$ -,

2>2 -/)$ I% Rui", o& ea6#(e, t'e S7#&e6e Co7&t 'e( t'at t'e B7&ea7 o I%!a%

Aa!&" 1o7( %ot 1&eate *e(!8!=!(!t5 &e7!&e6e%t"+ o& a((o1at!%8 7%" to Nat!e

A6e&!1a%" !t'o7t 1o6#(5!%8 !t' t'e APA$ Id.at 2>$ T'e Co7&t &ea"o%e t'at,

! t'e BIA a%te to e%5 7%" to Nat!e A6e&!1a%" (!!%8 o7t"!e o &e"e&at!o%",

!t" eo&t" o7( ae1t t'e !%!!7a( &!8't" o Nat!e A6e&!1a%" a% 'e%1e 67"t

=e o%e !% a11o&a%1e !t' t'e APA.

It !" e""e%t!a( t'at t'e (e8!t!6ate e#e1tat!o% o t'e"e %ee5 I%!a%"%ot =e et!%87!"'e =5 'at a6o7%t" to a% 7%#7=(!"'e a 'o1ete&6!%at!o% o t'e a8e%15 t'at a" %ot #&o67(8ate !% a11o&a%1e!t' $ $ $ t'e A6!%!"t&at!e P&o1e7&e A1t$ $ $ $ Beo&e =e%e!t" 6a5 =e

e%!e to t'e"e ot'e&!"e e%t!t(e I%!a%", t'e BIA 67"t !&"t#&o67(8ate e(!8!=!(!t5 &e7!&e6e%t" a11o&!%8 to e"ta=(!"'e#&o1e7&e"$

Id.at 2>?$ L!@e t'e BIA, t'e DHS 1&eate e(!8!=!(!t5 *1&!te&!a$+ DHS D!&e1t!e at /$

A% t'e DHS 1&!te&!a 'ae a 6o&e #&oo7% ee1t. &at'e& t'a% "!6#(5 ae1t!%8

a11e"" to 6o%e5, t'e DHS D!&e1t!e ete&6!%e" t'e &!8't o 6!((!o%" o #eo#(e to

&e6a!% !% t'e U%!te State"$ I 7%!%8 e(!8!=!(!t5 t&!88e&" t'e APA, !t o((o" a

o&t!o&! t'at (a7(0#&e"e%1e e(!8!=!(!t5 oe"$

? +icholas 'e( t'at INS" - *!%"t&71t!o%"+ &e8a&!%8 ee&&e a1t!o% 1o%"t!t7te a"7="ta%t!e &7(e$ T'e N!%t' C!&17!t (ate& 'e( t'at INS" -- ee&&e a1t!o% *!%"t&71t!o%"+ e&e%o%0"7="ta%t!e$ Romeiro de Silva v. Smith, > F$2 -2-, -2/ t' C!&$ -3)$ Fo& t'e &ea"o%"t'at o((o, DHS" 17&&e%t ee&&e a1t!o% !&e1t!e #(a!%(5 a((" o% t'e "7="ta%t!e "!e o t'e (!%e$


30/46

2

Se1o%, t'e DHS D!&e1t!e !" a (e8!"(at!e &7(e =e1a7"e !t !" =!%!%8 o% DHS

o!1!a("$ A &7(e !" "7="ta%t!e a% 'e%1e 67"t 1o6#(5 !t' t'e APA) *! !t e!t'e&

a##ea&" o% !t" a1e to =e =!%!%8, o& !" a##(!e =5 t'e a8e%15 !% a a5 t'at !%!1ate"

!t !" =!%!%8$+ $eneral Elec. Co. v. EPA, 2 F$> >, >> D$C$ C!&$ 22) 1!tat!o%

o6!tte)$ A% t'e DHS D!&e1t!e 6eet" =ot' o t'o"e 1&!te&!a$ *FQ&o6 =e8!%%!%8 to

e% !tQ &ea" (!@e a 7@a"e$ It 1o66a%", !t &e7!&e", !t o&e&", !t !1tate"$+

Aalachian Po!er Co. v. EPA, 2 F$> --3, -2> D$C$ C!&$ 2)$ Fo& ea6#(e,

Se1&eta&5 4o'%"o% &ote.

*I here(& direct USCIS to e#a% DACA,+ DHS D!&e1t!e at >;

*DACA !ill al& 7%e& 1e&ta!% 1!&176"ta%1e"Q,+ id.;

*T'at &e"t&!1t!o% !ill no longer al&,+ id.;

*Ce&ta!% t!6e #e&!o"Q !ill (e ete%e to t'&ee05ea& !%1&e6e%t", &at'e&t'a% t'e 17&&e%t to05ea& !%1&e6e%t",+ id.;

*T'!" 1'a%8e shall al&,+ id$;

*I here(& direct USCIS to e"ta=(!"' a #&o1e"",+ id. at /;

*Alicants must !(e t'e &e7!"!te a##(!1at!o%" o& ee&&e a1t!o% #7&"7a%tto t'e %e 1&!te&!a e"1&!=e a=oe,+ id.;

*Alicants must also su(mit (iometrics o& USCIS to 1o%71t =a1@8&o7%1'e1@",+ id.;

*Ea1' #e&"o% 'o a##(!e" o& ee&&e a1t!o% #7&"7a%t to t'e 1&!te&!a a=oeshall also (e eligi(le to a##(5 o& o&@ a7t'o&!


31/46

2-

*USCIS is instructed to !6#(e6e%t t'!" 6e6o&a%76,+ id.; a%

*T'e USCIS #&o1e"" shall also (e availa(le to !%!!7a(" "7=e1t to !%a(o&e&" o &e6oa( 'o ot'e&!"e 6eet t'e a=oe 1&!te&!a,+ id.

A(( !ta(!1" ae$) Mo&eoe&, t'e&e !" %o o7=t t'at Se1&eta&5 4o'%"o%" e!1t" !((

=!% '!" a8e%t" a" a #&a1t!1a( 6atte&; t'e (a"t t!6e a DHS Se1&eta&5 !""7e a

ee&&e0a1t!o% !&e1t!e, !t 87a&a%tee ee&&e a1t!o% to $30$ o a##(!1a%t"$

Co6#($ 23$ I%ee, DHS 1a%%ot o a%5t'!%8 (e""; ate& a((, t'e P&e"!e%t

#&o6!"e t'at ! 5o7 6eet '!" 7%!(ate&a((5 1&eate e(!8!=!(!t5 1&!te&!a, *&oure not

going to (e deorted$+ Co6#($ 3 e6#'a"!" ae)$ T'at !" 6o&e t'a% "7!1!e%t

to #&oe t'at Dee%a%t" a1t!o%" 'ae =o7% a% !(( =!% t'e!& a8e%t" !t' t'e

o&1e o (a$

T'!&, t'e DHS D!&e1t!e !" a (e8!"(at!e &7(e =e1a7"e !t *#7t" a "ta6# o

a8e%15 a##&oa( o& !"a##&oa( o% a 8!e% t5#e o =e'a!o&$+ Cham(er of Commerce

v. D)', -/ F$> 2?, 2-2 D$C$ C!&$ -) !%te&%a( 7otat!o% 6a&@" a% a(te&at!o%

It !" t&7e t'at t'e DHS D!&e1t!e e%" !t' a !"1(a!6e& t'at #7o&t" to %e8ate a%5 (e8a(e%t!t(e6e%t t'at a%5 7%o176e%te !66!8&a%t 6!8't 1(a!6 7%e& !t$ See DHS D!&e1t!e at 3$ T'at!"1(a!6e&, 'oee&, !" 6ea%!%8(e"" 'e% !t 1o6e" to ete&6!%!%8 'et'e& t'e D!&e1t!e 67"t1o6#(5 !t' t'e APA$ See Aalachian Po!er, 2 F$> at -2> !%!%8 a%a(o8o7" !"1(a!6e&!&&e(ea%t); accord CBS, >-? U$S$ at /-?$

See also* e.g., +atl Por# Producers Council v. EPA, ?>3 F$> >, 3303? 3t' C!&$ 2--)*87!a%1e+ o176e%t 1o%"t!t7te" !%a( a8e%15 a1t!o% &e!ea=(e 7%e& Se1t!o% / !%"oa& a" !t&e"t&a!%" a6!%!"t&at!e "ta" !"1&et!o%); +RDC v. EPA, ?/> F$> >--, >-02 D$C$ C!&$ 2--)"a6e); Cohen v. United States, 3 F$> -, D$C$ C!&$ 2) IRS *87!a%1e+ o176e%t "7=e1t to

7!1!a( &e!e =e1a7"e !t 7"e *6a%ato&5 o&" (!@e !(( !%"tea o #e&6!""!e o&" (!@e 6a5+ to

e"1&!=e 'o t'e a8e%15" "ta o7( #&o1e"" &e7% 1(a!6"); Barric# $oldstri#e Mines Inc. v.Bro!ner, 2-3 F$> /3, / D$C$ C!&$ 2) *T'at t'e !""7a%1e o a 87!e(!%e o& 87!a%1e 6a51o%"t!t7te !%a( a8e%15 a1t!o% 'a" =ee% "ett(e !% t'!" 1!&17!t o& 6a%5 5ea&"$+ 1!t!%8, inter alia,Better $ovt Assn v. Det of State, F$2 ? D$C$ C!&$ -?))); Better $ovt, F$2 at >&ee1t!%8 #&o#o"!t!o% t'at a8e%15 1a% e"1a#e 7!1!a( &e!e 7%e& Se1t!o% / =5 (a=e(!%8 !t" &7(e a%*!%o&6a(+ 87!a%1e o176e%t); S&ncor Intl Cor. v. Shalala, -2 F$> , / D$C$ C!&$ -) *T'e#&!6a&5 !"t!%1t!o% =etee% a "7="ta%t!e &7(e &ea((5 a%5 &7(e a% a 8e%e&a( "tate6e%t o#o(!15 $ $ $ t7&%" o% 'et'e& a% a8e%15 !%te%" to =!% !t"e( to a #a&t!17(a& (e8a( #o"!t!o%$+);AmericanBus Assn v. United States, ?2 F$2 323, 3>2 D$C$ C!&$ -) "!6!(a&)$


32/46

22

o6!tte)$ I% Cham(er of Commerce, t'e Co7&t o A##ea(" 'e( t'at t'e La=o&

De#a&t6e%t #&o67(8ate a "7="ta%t!e &7(e 'e% !t to( e6#(o5e&" t'at t'e5 1o7(

ao! 0 o o&@#(a1e !%"#e1t!o%" ! t'e5 #a&t!1!#ate !% a %e *Coo#e&at!e

Co6#(!a%1e P&o8&a6$+ Id. at 2$ So too 'e&e; t'e Dee%a%t" 'ae to( ee&5

7%o176e%te !66!8&a%t !% t'e Nat!o% t'at t'e5 1a% ao! $30$ o

e#o&tat!o%" ! t'e5 6eet t'e D!&e1t!e" *1&!te&!a$+ Mo&eoe&, t'e Dee%a%t" 'ae

#7t t'e!& *"ta6# o a##&oa(+ o% !o(at!o%" o t'e Nat!o%" !66!8&at!o% (a" "o

(o%8 a" t'o"e !o(at!o%" a&e 1o66!tte =5 #eo#(e 'o 1a6e to t'e U%!te State"

=eo&e t'e!& -?t' =!&t'a5, a&e #a&e%t" o U$S$ 1!t! F$>

?22, ?2 3t' C!&$ 2-) !%te&%a( 7otat!o% 6a&@" o6!tte)$ T'e&e !" %o 1o%1e!a=(e

a&876e%t t'at t'e DHS D!&e1t!e &e"t" o% a% interretation o a%5t'!%8$ At %o

#o!%t oe" t'e DHS Se1&eta&5 ee% #7o&t to !%te&et a%5 (a$ To t'e 1o%t&a&5,

t'e 'o(e #o!%t o t'e DHS D!&e1t!e !" t'at t'e ee%a%t" a%te to 1&eate a %e

(a =e1a7"e Co%8&e"" 'a" %ot o%e "o$ I% t'e P&e"!e%t" o% o&". *I 7"t too@

a% a1t!o% to 1'a%8e t'e (a$+ Co6#($ /$


33/46

2>

Be1a7"e t'e DHS D!&e1t!e !" a (e8!"(at!e &7(e, !t 67"t 1o6#(5 !t' t'e

APA" #&o1e7&a( &e7!&e6e%t"$ E.g., Rui", /-3 U$S$ at 2>$ B7t t'e D!&e1t!e !"

#&o1e7&a((5 7%(a7( =e1a7"e DHS #&o67(8ate !t !t'o7t %ot!1e0a%01o66e%t

&7(e6a@!%8 a #&e&e7!"!te o& &7(e" t'at 1&eate "7="ta%t!e &!8't" a% 7t!e"$

See* e.g., +ational Mining Assn v. McCarth&,3 F$> 2/>, 23-032 D$C$ C!&$ 2-/)$

,' Ee%! t'e Dee%a%t" !1o6#(5 !t' t'e APA" %ot!1e0a%01o66e%t

&e7!&e6e%t", t'e5 still 1o7( %ot (a7((5 #&o67(8ate t'e DHS D!&e1t!e$ T'at !"

=e1a7"e t'e Dee%a%t" a1t!o%" a&e %ot *!% a11o&a%1e !t'+ t'e (a" e%a1te =5

Co%8&e""$ 3 U$S$C$ J ?2)a)$ Co%t&a&5 to U$S$C$ J -223" &e7!&e6e%t", t'e

Dee%a%t" 'ae %o 6a%ate t'at !66!8&at!o% o!1e&" "'a(( not *!%"#e1tQ+ o&

!%"t!t7te *&e6oa( #&o1ee!%8"+ a8a!%"t o7& 6!((!o% o t'e e(ee% 6!((!o%

7%o176e%te !66!8&a%t" !% t'e U%!te State"$ P7t a%ot'e& a5, t'e Dee%a%t"

'ae !"a=(e t'e o#e&at!o% o U$S$C$ J -223 o& %ea&(5 / o !t" 1oe&a8e$ T'e

Dee%a%t" 'ae atte6#te to a11o6#(!"' t'!", !% "!8%!!1a%t #a&t, =5 !e(5e#a%!%8 t'e (!6!te 1!&176"ta%1e" !% '!1' Co%8&e"" a((o" 7%o176e%te

#a&e%t" o U$S$ 1!t!


34/46

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a7t'o&!

Dee%a%t" ot'e& "tat7to&5 7t!e" to &e6oe t'e"e 7%o176e%te !66!8&a%t", a%

!" 7!%te""e%t!a((5 *a&=!t&a&5 a% 1a#&!1!o7"+ e1!"!o%06a@!%8$

Mo&eoe&, Co%8&e"" 'a" e%a1te a "#e1!!1 a% !%e(5 t7%e "tat7to&5 "1'e6e

limitingt'e (a7( #&e"e%1e o 7%o176e%te #a&e%t" o U$S$ 1!t!

A% ee% ! Co%8&e"" ! %ot o&e1(o"e DHS" atte6#t" to a7t'o&!


35/46

23

0earth* Patio 1 Bar(ecue Assn v. U.S. Det. of Energ&, ? F$> /, 3/0 D$C$

C!&$ 2->)$

I% "'o&t, t'e Dee%a%t" a1t!o%" a&e 7%(a7( 7%e& =ot' t'e U$S$

Co%"t!t7t!o% a% t'e APA$ A% 7%e& e!t'e& 1(a!6, t'e a##&o#&!ate &e6e5 !" a

#&e(!6!%a&5 !%7%1t!o% a8a!%"t t'e DHS D!&e1t!e a% t'e Dee%a%t" &e(!a%1e o%

!t$ See* e.g., %oungsto!n, >/> U$S$ at 3/ a##&o#&!ate &e6e5 o& Ta@e Ca&e

!o(at!o% !" #&e(!6!%a&5 !%7%1t!o%); +atl Assn of /arm!or#ers )rgani"ations v.

Marshall, ?2 F$2 ?/, ?? D$C$ C!&$ -) a##&o#&!ate &e6e5 o& #&o1e7&a(

APA 1(a!6 !" #&e(!6!%a&5 !%7%1t!o%); Role Models Am.* Inc. v. 6hite, >- F$> >2,

>202 D$C$ C!&$ 2>) a##&o#&!ate &e6e5 o& "7="ta%t!e a% #&o1e7&a( APA

1(a!6 !" #&e(!6!%a&5 !%7%1t!o%)$

II' PLAINTIFFS WILL INCUR IRREPARABLE INJURIES

I% t'e a="e%1e o t'!" Co7&t" e6e&8e%15 !%te&e%t!o%, t'e State" !(( "7e&

to 1ate8o&!e" o !&&e#a&a=(e !%7&!e". A) t'e 2-/ DHS D!&e1t!e !(( 1a7"e a'76a%!ta&!a% 1&!"!" a(o%8 Tea"" "o7t'e&% =o&e& a% e("e'e&e, 7"t a" t'e 2-2

#(a% !; a% B) o%1e t'e Dee%a%t" (e8a(!


36/46

2?

State"$ See Co6#($ >$ A% a" t'e P&e"!e%t a1@%o(e8e, a% e#a%"!o% o

DACA !(( 1a7"e %e ae" o !((e8a( !66!8&at!o%$ Seeid$ >$

T'o"e %e ae" !(( !6#o"e &a"t!1 !%7&!e" o% t'e P(a!%t! State", 7"t a"

t'e P&e"!e%t" #&e!o7" ae !$ Fo& ea6#(e, t'!" #a"t "766e&, t'e State o

Tea" #a! a(6o"t / 6!((!o% o& O#e&at!o% St&o%8 Saet5 to 1(ea% 7# t'e

1o%"e7e%1e" o t'e Dee%a%t" a1t!o%"$ See id$ >?$ A% t'e State "#e%"

6!((!o%" o o((a&" ee&5 5ea& to #&o!e 7%1o6#e%"ate 'ea(t'1a&e o&

7%o176e%te !66!8&a%t"$ See id$ ?3$ T'at !" t'e #a&a!86at!1 !&&e#a&a=(e

!%7&5, see* e.g., 2anve& v. Alguire, ?/ F$> 33, ?0- 3t' C!&$ 2--), a% !t !"

6o&e t'a% "7!1!e%t to %e1e""!tate a #&e(!6!%a&5 !%7%1t!o% %o t'at t'e

Dee%a%t" 'ae a%%o7%1e t'e!& !%te%t!o% to !6#(e6e%t a 671' (a&8e& #&o8&a6

t'a% DACA$ A" t'e S7#&e6e Co7&t 'a" 'e(, *oQ%e oe" %ot 'ae to aa!t t'e

1o%"766at!o% o t'&eate%e !%7&5 to o=ta!% #&ee%t!e &e(!e$+ Blum v. %arets#&,

/3 U$S$ -, - -2) !%te&%a( 7otat!o% 6a&@" o6!tte)$B' W"!%o#! A Prel"1"ar0 I2#.!"o$ I! W"ll Be D"))".#l! Or

I1/oss"-le To Re3erse De)eda!s A.!"os

T'e P(a!%t!" !%7&!e" o %ot "to# t'e&e$ T'e S7#&e6e Co7&t 'a" 'e( t'at

t'e ee&a( 8oe&%6e%t 'a" a !&t7a( 6o%o#o(5 o% ete&6!%!%8 'o !" (a7((5

#&e"e%t !% t'e U%!te State", seeAri"ona v. United States, ->2 S$ Ct$ 2/2 2-2),

'!1' 6ea%" t'at t'e State" 67"t &e(5 o% t'e Dee%a%t" to a!t'7((5 ete&6!%e a%

!66!8&a%t" "tat7"$ O%1e t'e Dee%a%t" a=a%o% t'at &e"#o%"!=!(!t5 a% 'a% o7t

(a7(0#&e"e%1e o176e%t" to 6!((!o%" o #eo#(e 'o a&e %ot (a7((5 #&e"e%t !% t'e

U%!te State", !t !(( =e !!17(t o& !6#o""!=(e o& a%5o%e to 7%"1&a6=(e t'e e88$


37/46

2

I% Tea", o& ea6#(e, e!e%1e o (a7( #&e"e%1e a%o& ee&a( o&@

#e&6!t" 7a(!!e" 7%o176e%te !66!8&a%t" o&, a6o%8 ot'e& t'!%8".

U%e6#(o56e%t =e%e!t", seeTEX$LAB$CODEJ 2$/>a)2);

A(1o'o(!1 =ee&a8e (!1e%"e", see -? TEX$ADMIN$CODEJ >>$-;

L!1e%"7&e a" #&!ate "e17&!t5 o!1e&", see > TEX$ADMIN$CODEJ >3$2-; a%

L!1e%"7&e a" atto&%e5", see TEX$RULES GOVERN$BARADMN, R$IIa)3))$

I% W!"1o%"!%, e!e%1e o (a7( #&e"e%1e 7a(!!e" 7%o176e%te !66!8&a%t" o&

&!e& (!1e%"e"$ See WIS$ STAT$ J >/>$-/2)e") 8!!%8 (!1e%"e" to a% ot'e&!"e

7a(!!e a##(!1a%t 'o !" *a 1!t!/>$-22)e")?)$ A% !% 2-2, t'e W!"1o%"!% Atto&%e5 Ge%e&a(

!""7e a% o#!%!o% e#(a!%!%8 t'at t'e #'&a"e *a##&oe ee&&e a1t!o% "tat7"+

&e7!&e t'e W!"1o%"!% De#a&t6e%t o T&a%"#o&tat!o% *W!"DOT+) to !""7e &!e&

(!1e%"e" to ot'e&!"e 7a(!!e !%!!7a(" 'o 'a o=ta!%e ee&&e a1t!o% "tat7"

t'&o78' DACA$ See W!"$ Att5$ Ge%$, OAG020-2 O1t$ /, 2-2)$ A% W!"DOT, !%

t7&%, !""7e a #o(!15 e#(a!%!%8 t'at !t *!(( !""7e &!e& (!1e%"e" to 7a(!!e

a##(!1a%t" 'o #&oe t'e!& (e8a( #&e"e%1e !t' a(! Dee&&e A1t!o% %ot!1e" a"

&e7!&e =5 (a$+ 'tt#.$ot$!"1o%"!%$8o&!e&"a##(5o1a1a$'t6$

W!"DOT !" t'e&eo&e &e7!&e to !""7e &!e& (!1e%"e" =a"e o% ee&&e a1t!o%

"tat7", '!1' !(( !%1(7e t'e "tat7" &e"7(t!%8 &o6 t'e %e DHS D!&e1t!e$

O%1e / 6!((!o% !%!!7a(" ta@e aa%ta8e o t'o"e =e%e!t", !t !" !!17(t to

!6a8!%e 'o t'e #&o1e"" 1o7( =e &ee&"e$ See /-C v. Dean /oods Co., >/ U$S$


38/46

2

3, ?? %$3 -??) !!17(t5 !% *7%"1&a6=!%8Q+ e88 7"t!!e" !%7%1t!e &e(!e); cf.

Christoher ,illage* 'td. Partnershi v. Retsinas, - F$> >-, >-/0-3 3t' C!&$

-) !%!%8 !"#7te 6oot 'e&e o%(5 &e7e"te &e(!e *o7( a6o7%t to a%

!6#o""!=(e &e7e"t o& t'!" 1o7&t to 7%"1&a6=(e t'e e88" +)$ T'e&eo&e, t'e P(a!%t!

State" !(( =e !&&e#a&a=(5 !%7&e$

III' THE BALANCE OF E4UITIES TIPS IN PLAINTIFFS FAVOR

T'e ee%a%t" 1a%%ot 1(a!6 a 1o7%te&a!(!%8 !%7&5 &o6 a #&e(!6!%a&5

!%7%1t!o% to #&e"e&e t'e "tat7" 7o$ O% 6o&e t'a% 2 "e#a&ate o11a"!o%" =etee%

2 a% A787"t 2-/, t'e P&e"!e%t defended t'e "tat7" 7o =5 a6!tt!%8 t'at 'e

'a" %o a7t'o&!t5 to o 'at 'e 7"t !$ To ta@e 7"t a e ea6#(e", t'e P&e"!e%t

a6!tte.

*TQ'e&e a&e t'o"e !% t'e !66!8&a%t" &!8't" 1o667%!t5 'o 'ae a&87e#a""!o%ate(5 t'at e "'o7( "!6#(5 #&o!e t'o"e 'o a&e 'e&eQ !((e8a((5!t' (e8a( "tat7", o& at (ea"t !8%o&e t'e (a" o% t'e =oo@" a% #7t a% e% toe#o&tat!o% 7%t!( e 'ae =ette& (a"$ $ $ $ I =e(!ee "71' a% !%!"1&!6!%ate

a##&oa1' o7( =e =ot' 7%!"e a% 7%a!&$ It o7( "788e"t to t'o"et'!%@!%8 a=o7t 1o6!%8 'e&e !((e8a((5 t'at t'e&e !(( =e %o &e#e&17""!o%" o&"71' a e1!"!o%$ A% t'!" 1o7( (ea to a "7&8e !% 6o&e !((e8a( !66!8&at!o%$

A% !t o7( a("o !8%o&e t'e 6!((!o%" o #eo#(e a&o7% t'e o&( 'o a&ea!t!%8 !% (!%e to 1o6e 'e&e (e8a((5$ U(t!6ate(5, o7& %at!o%, (!@e a(( %at!o%",'a" t'e &!8't a% o=(!8at!o% to 1o%t&o( !t" =o&e&" a% "et (a" o& &e"!e%15a% 1!t!


39/46

2

o##o"e to a6!(!e" 'o a&e 7"t t&5!%8 to o&@ a% "7##o&t t'e6"e(e"$ Buttheres a limit to the discretion that I can sho! (ecause I am o(liged to eecute

the la!. -hats !hat the Eecutive Branch means. I cant ust ma#e the la!s

u (& m&self. So the most imortant thing that !e can do is focus on

changing the underl&ing la!s$+ O1t$ 23, 2-)

*A6e&!1a !" a %at!o% o (a", '!1' 6ea%" I, a" t'e P&e"!e%t, a6 o=(!8ate toe%o&1e t'e (a$ I o%t 'ae a 1'o!1e a=o7t t'at$ T'at" #a&t o 65 o=$ B7tI 1a% ao1ate o& 1'a%8e" !% t'e (a "o t'at e 'ae a 1o7%t&5 t'at !" =ot'&e"#e1t7( o t'e (a =7t a("o 1o%t!%7e" to =e a 8&eat %at!o% o!66!8&a%t"$ $ $ $ W!t' &e"#e1t to t'e %ot!o% t'at I 1a% 7"t "7"#e%e#o&tat!o%" t'&o78' ee17t!e o&e&, t'at" 7"t %ot t'e 1a"e, =e1a7"e t'e&ea&e (a" o% t'e =oo@" t'at Co%8&e"" 'a" #a""e$ $ $ $ WQee 8ot t'&ee=&a%1'e" o 8oe&%6e%t$ Co%8&e"" #a""e" t'e (a$ T'e ee17t!e =&a%1'"

o= !" to e%o&1e a% !6#(e6e%t t'o"e (a"$ A% t'e% t'e 7!1!a&5 'a" to!%te&et t'e (a"$ -here are enough la!s on the (oo#s (& Congress that are

ver& clear in terms of ho! !e have to enforce our immigration s&stem that forme to siml& through eecutive order ignore those congressional mandates

!ould not conform !ith m& aroriate role as President$+ Ma&$ 23, 2--)

*I 1a%t "o(e t'!" #&o=(e6 =5 65"e($ $ $ $ WQe&e 8o!%8 to 'ae to 'ae=!#a&t!"a% "7##o&t !% o&e& to 6a@e !t 'a##e%$ $ $ $ I 1a%t o !t =5 65"e($We&e 8o!%8 to 'ae to 1'a%8e t'e (a" !% Co%8&e"", =7t I6 1o%!e%t e 1a%6a@e !t 'a##e%$+ A#&$ 2, 2--)

*I @%o "o6e 'e&e !"' t'at I 1o7( 7"t =5#a"" Co%8&e"" a% 1'a%8e t'e (a65"e($ B7t t'at" %ot 'o e6o1&a15 o&@"$ See, e6o1&a15 !" 'a&$ B7t!t" &!8't$ C'a%8!%8 o7& (a" 6ea%" o!%8 t'e 'a& o&@ o 1'a%8!%8 6!%"

a% 1'a%8!%8 ote", o%e =5 o%e$+ A#&$ 2, 2--) *So6et!6e" 'e% I ta(@ to !66!8&at!o% ao1ate", t'e5 !"' I 1o7( 7"t

=5#a"" Co%8&e"" a% 1'a%8e t'e (a 65"e($ B7t t'at" %ot 'o a e6o1&a15o&@"$ W'at e &ea((5 %ee to o !" to @ee# 7# t'e !8't to #a"" 8e%7!%e,1o6#&e'e%"!e &eo&6$ T'at !" t'e 7(t!6ate "o(7t!o% to t'!" #&o=(e6$ T'at"'at I6 1o66!tte to o!%8$+ Ma5 -, 2--)

*I "o&e a% oat' to 7#'o( t'e (a" o% t'e =oo@" $ $ $ $ No, I @%o "o6e#eo#(e a%t 6e to =5#a"" Co%8&e"" a% 1'a%8e t'e (a" o% 65 o%$ Be(!ee6e, the idea of doing things on m& o!n is ver& temting. I romise &ou. +ot

ust on immigration reform. But thats not ho! our s&stem !or#s. -hats not

ho! our democrac& functions. -hats not ho! our Constitution is !ritten$+47(5 23, 2--)

*So 'at ee t&!e to o !" !t'!% t'e 1o%"t&a!%t" o t'e (a" o% t'e =oo@",ee t&!e to =e a" a!&, '76a%e, 7"t a" e 1a%, &e1o8%!


40/46

>

'!1' !" 17&&e%t(5 1o%t&o((e =5 Re#7=(!1a%", a% ee 8ot to 8et ? ote" !%t'e Se%ate$ $ $ $ Administrativel&* !e cant ignore the la!$ $ $ $ I 7"t 'ae to1o%t!%7e to "a5 t'!" %ot!o% t'at "o6e'o I 1a% 7"t 1'a%8e t'e (a"7%!(ate&a((5 !" 7"t %ot t&7e$ 6e are doing ever&thing !e canadministrativel&. But the fact of the matter is there are la!s on the (oo#s that

I have to enforce. And I thin# theres (een a great disservice done to the causeof getting the DREAM Act assed and getting comrehensive immigration

assed (& eretrating the notion that someho!* (& m&self* I can go and do

these things. Its ust not true$ We (!e !% a e6o1&a15$ Yo7 'ae to #a""=!((" t'&o78' t'e (e8!"(at7&e, a% t'e% I 1a% "!8% !t$ A% ! a(( t'e atte%t!o% !"o17"e aa5 &o6 t'e (e8!"(at!e #&o1e"", t'e% t'at !" 8o!%8 to (ea to a1o%"ta%t ea0e%$ We 'ae to &e1o8%!, 2->)

*T'!" !" "o6et'!%8 Ie "t&788(e !t' t'&o78'o7t 65 #&e"!e%15$ T'e#&o=(e6 !" t'at I6 t'e #&e"!e%t o t'e U%!te State", I6 %ot t'e e6#e&o& ot'e U%!te State"$ $ $ $ A% 'at t'at 6ea%" !" t'at e 'ae 1e&ta!%o=(!8at!o%" to e%o&1e t'e (a" t'at a&e !% #(a1e$ $ $ $ 6eve #ind of stretchedour administrative flei(ilit& as much as !e can$+ Fe=$ -/, 2->)

*I t'!%@ t'at !t" e&5 !6#o&ta%t o& 7" to &e1o8%!)

*MQ5 o= !% t'e ee17t!e =&a%1' !" "7##o"e to =e to 1a&&5 o7t t'e (a" t'ata&e #a""e$ Co%8&e"" 'a" "a! 'e&e !" t'e (a 'e% !t 1o6e" to t'o"e 'oa&e 7%o176e%te, a% t'e5e a((o1ate a 'o(e =7%1' o 6o%e5 o&


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>-

e%o&1e6e%t$ $ $ $ W'at e 1a% o !" t'e% 1a&e o7t t'e DREAM A1t, "a5!%85o7%8 #eo#(e 'o 'ae =a"!1a((5 8&o% 7# 'e&e a&e A6e&!1a%" t'at e"'o7( e(1o6e$ $ $ $But if !e start (roadening that* then essentiall& I !ould(e ignoring the la! in a !a& that I thin# !ould (e ver& difficult to defend

legall&. So* thats not an otion$+ Se#t$ -, 2->)

*IQ !% a1t I 1o7( "o(e a(( t'e"e #&o=(e6" !t'o7t #a""!%8 (a" !% Co%8&e"",t'e% I o7( o "o$ B7t e&e a("o a %at!o% o (a"$ T'at" #a&t o o7&t&a!t!o%$ And so the eas& !a& out is to tr& to &ell and retend li#e I can dosomething (& violating our la!s$ A% 'at I6 #&o#o"!%8 !" t'e 'a&e& #at','!1' !" to 7"e o7& e6o1&at!1 #&o1e""e" to a1'!ee t'e "a6e 8oa($+ No$ 23,2->)

*6hat Ive said in the ast remains true* !hich is until Congress asses ane! la!* then I am constrained in terms of !hat I am a(le to do $ W'at Ieo%e !" to 7"e 65 #&o"e17to&!a( !"1&et!o% $ $ $ $ W'at ee "a! !" o17" o%o(@" 'o a&e e%8a8e !% 1&!6!%a( a1t!!t5, o17" o% #eo#(e 'o e%8a8e !%

8a%8 a1t!!t5$ Do %ot o17" o% 5o7%8 #eo#(e, 'o e&e 1a((!%8 &ea6e&" $ $ $ $-hat alread& stretched m& administrative caacit& ver& far$ B7t I a"1o%!e%t t'at t'at a" t'e &!8't t'!%8 to o$ But at a certain oint thereason that these deortations are ta#ing lace is* Congress said* &ou have to

enforce these la!s. -he& fund the hiring of officials at the deartment thats

charged !ith enforcing. And I cannot ignore those la!s an& more than I could

ignore* &ou #no!* an& of the other la!s that are on the (oo#s$+ Ma&$ ?, 2-/)

A(( !ta(!1" ae$) W'e% t'e P&e"!e%t 7tte&e t'o"e "tate6e%t", t'e "tat7" 7o

o=!o7"(5 a" %ot "o !%to(e&a=(e a" to &e7!&e '!6 to 7%!(ate&a((5 (e8a(!


42/46

>2

IV' THE PUBLIC INTEREST NECESSITATES A PRELIMINARY

INJUNCTION

F!%a((5, t'e #7=(!1 !%te&e"t "t&o%8(5 a&&a%t" a #&e(!6!%a&5 !%7%1t!o%$ It

!(( =e !!17(t to 7%&ae( t'e P&e"!e%t" ee&&e a1t!o% #(a% ! t'e ee%a%t" a&e

a((oe to !6#(e6e%t !t$ See Pa&t II$B, sura$ A% ! t'!" P&e"!e%t 8et" aa5 !t'

t'!" ee&&e a1t!o% #&o8&a6, 7t7&e #&e"!e%t" !(( =e a=(e to &e6a@e t'e U%!te

State" Coe =5 e1(!%!%8 to e%o&1e !t$ Ta@e 7"t a e ea6#(e".

Be1a7"e t'e I%te&%a( Ree%7e Se&!1e 1a% a7!t o%(5 - o ta &et7&%" ee&55ea&, t'e P&e"!e%t 1o7( a%%o7%1e a *ea(+ !% '!1' ao&e 1(a""e" ota#a5e&" 1o7( ao! 7# to 3, !% tae" a 5ea& !t' !6#7%!t5;

Be1a7"e t'e E%!&o%6e%ta( P&ote1t!o% A8e%15 1a% !%"#e1t o%(5 -, "!te"ee&5 5ea&, t'e P&e"!e%t 1o7( a%%o7%1e a *ea(+ !% '!1' ao&e=7"!%e""e" %ee %ot 1o6#(5 !t' t'e e%!&o%6e%ta( (a"; a%

Be1a7"e t'e O117#at!o%a( Saet5 a% Hea(t' A6!%!"t&at!o% 1a% !%"#e1t o%(5$3 o a(( o&@#(a1e" ee&5 5ea&, t'e P&e"!e%t 1o7( a%%o7%1e a *ea(+ !%'!1' a(( e6#(o5e&" !t' ee& t'a% 3 e6#(o5ee" 6a5 !"o=e5 t'eo117#at!o%a(0"aet5 (a" !t' !6#7%!t5$

Ea1' o t'o"e a1t!o%" o7( =e at (ea"t a" e(( 8&o7%e !% 1o%8&e""!o%a( #o(!15

1'o!1e" a" t'e DHS D!&e1t!e$ A% !% &ea(!t5, t'e Dee%a%t" a1t!o%" a&e ee%

6o&e a88&e""!e t'a% t'o"e '5#ot'et!1a( ea6#(e"$ T'e Dee%a%t" a&e &ea&!%8

O% ta, "ee* e.g., 2? U$S$C$ J -22a) a7t'o&!> U$S$C$ J ->3 C(ea% Wate& A1t"&e7!&e6e%t o a =!e%%!a( *1o6#&e'e%"!e "t75 o% 1o"t"+); id. J -23-) e"ta=(!"'!%8 *%at!o%a(#o(!15+ ao&!%8 *t'e =e"t 7"e o aa!(a=(e 6a%#oe& a% 7%"+); /2 U$S$C$ J ??-) 6a@!%8 aa&!et5 o a11o66oat!o%" o& "6a(( =7"!%e""e" a% e%a=(!%8 t'e A6!%!"t&ato& to *&e71e a%5 ee&e7!&e 7%e& t'!" 1'a#te& to ta@e !%to a11o7%t t'e !%a%1!a( &e"o7&1e" o "6a(( =7"!%e"" "tat7to&5"o7&1e"+); id$ J /> #&o!!%8 o& ao&a=(e t&eat6e%t o *o&8a%!


43/46

>>

7%(a7( =e'a!o& !t' 6o&e t'a% 6e&e %o%0e%o&1e6e%t o 1&!6!%a( (a"; t'e5 a&e

a("o 8!!%8 7%o176e%te !66!8&a%t" ee&a( =e%e!t" (!@e o&@ #e&6!t", So1!a(

Se17&!t5, a% Me!1a&e$

I a11e#te, t'e !ea t'at t'e Co%"t!t7t!o% a((o" "71' 7%!(ate&a( (a6a@!%8

o7( #e&6a%e%t(5 a% #&oo7%(5 &e"'a#e t'e "e#a&at!o% o #oe&" !% t'!"

1o7%t&5$ Beo&e t'e Dee%a%t" a&e a((oe to a(@ 7" o% t'at &oa, a

#&e(!6!%a&5 !%7%1t!o% !" %e1e""a&5 to a((o t'e ee&a( 1o7&t" a% o##o&t7%!t5 to

6a@e &ea"o%e e1!"!o%" a=o7t t'e (a7(%e"" o t'e #at'$

F!%a((5, a #&e(!6!%a&5 !%7%1t!o% o7( "e&e t'e #7=(!1 !%te&e"t =5

#&ote1t!%8 t'e "tat7to&5 #o(!15 o t'e Le8!"(at7&e$ A" t'e S7#&e6e Co7&t 'a" 'e(,

t'at *!" !% !t"e( a e1(a&at!o% o t'e #7=(!1 !%te&e"t$+ ,irginian R&. Co. v. S&s. /edn

+o. 78, > U$S$ 3-3, 332 ->)$

CONCLUSION

P(a!%t!" 6ot!o% o& a #&e(!6!%a&5 !%7%1t!o% "'o7( =e 8&a%te$Re"#e1t7((5 "7=6!tte$


44/46

>/

LUTHER STRANGE GREGABBOTTAttorne& $eneral of Ala(ama Attorne& $eneral of -eas

SAMUEL S$OLENS DANIEL T$HODGEAttorne& $eneral of $eorgia /irst Assistant Attorne& $eneral

LAWRENCE G$WASDEN 4AMES D$BLACKLOCKAttorne& $eneral of Idaho Deut& Attorne& $eneral for 'egal Counsel

4OSEPH C$CHAPELLE ANDREW S$OLDHAMPETER 4$RUSTHOVEN Deut& Solicitor $eneralCounsel for the State of Indiana Atto&%e50!%0C'a&8e

State Ba& No$ 2/-?-?DEREK SCHMIDT

Attorne& $eneral of 4ansas O!1e o t'e Atto&%e5 Ge%e&a( o Tea"P$O$ Bo --

4AMES D$*BUDDY+CALDWELL A7"t!%, Tea" --023/Attorne& $eneral of 'ouisiana 3-20>?0-

TIMOTHY C$FOXAttorne& $eneral of Montana

4ON C$BRUNINGAttorne& $eneral of +e(ras#a

ALAN WILSON

Attorne& $eneral of South Carolina

MARTY 4$4ACKLEYAttorne& $eneral of South Da#ota

SEAN D$REYESAttorne& $eneral of Utah

PATRICK MORRISEYAttorne& $eneral of 6est ,irginia

4$B$VAN HOLLENAttorne& $eneral of 6isconsin

additional counsel on the follo!ing age


45/46

>3

DREW SNYDERCounsel for the $overnor of Mississii

PAUL R$LEPAGE$overnor of Maine

ROBERT C$STEPHENSCounsel for the $overnor of +orth

Carolina

TOM C$PERRYCALLYYOUNGERCounsel for the $overnor of Idaho


46/46

CERTIFICATE OF CONFERENCE

I 1e&t!5 t'at I 1o%e&&e !t' 1o7%"e( o& t'e Dee%a%t" a% t'e5 o##o"e t'!"6ot!o%$

" A%&e S$ O('a6ANDREW S$OLDHAM

CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE

I 1e&t!5 t'at I "e&e a 1o#5 o t'!" 6ot!o% o% t'e o((o!%8 1o7%"e( o& t'eDee%a%t" !a Fee&a( E#&e"", %et a5 "e&!1e.

Aa6 K!&"1'%e&T&!a( Atto&%e5U$S$ De#a&t6e%t o 47"t!1eC!!( D!!"!o%, Fee&a( P&o8&a6" B&a%1'2 Ma""a1'7"ett" Ae$, NW, Roo6 -2?Wa"'!%8to% D$C$ 2-

" A%&e S$ O('a6ANDREW S$OLDHAM

Texas v. United States Preliminary Injunction

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