Texas Association of School Psychologists Annual Conference Norma S. Guerra, PhD NCSP, LSSP.

Texas Association of School Psychologists Annual Conference

Norma S. Guerra, PhDNCSP, LSSP

AgendaOverview of clinical problem solving

theoretical frameworkLIBRE ModelGround rulesExerciseProblem solving as a clinical toolData unitsScoring and ImplicationsIntervention and Services

Social Cognitive TheoryAlbert Bandura – Social Learning

Theory - People learn by observing other people’s actions.

Active agent in life - beliefs, self-perceptions, and expectations

Social Cognitive Theory includes person/cognition, behavior and environment as a reciprocal interaction

The Focus is on the IndividualBandura & Schunk (1981) explain competence

and efficacy as learned skills

Bandura (1986) further details the dynamic self to explain that we are not observers of our own lives

Self-agency involves core properties of:IntentionalityForethoughtSelf-reactiveness Self-reflection (Bandura, 2006)

Self-Efficacy“Self-efficacy is the belief in one’s

capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to manage prospective situations.” (Bandura, 1986)

What does self-efficacy do?The choices we makeThe effort we put forthHow long we persist when difficulty arisesHow we feel

Social Influences/ Environmental

Outcomes/ Behaviors

Self-Influences/ Personal

Mediating Mechanism:Mediating Mechanism: BeliefsBeliefs

Goal ProgressMotivation

ModelsInstructionFeedback

GoalsSelf-EfficacyOutcome ExpectationsAttributions

Interactive Relation

Sources of Self-EfficacyMASTERY EXPERIENCES – (Most powerful) Successful experiences

SOCIAL PERSUASION – “pep talk” or encouragement

AROUSAL – Physical and psychological reactions – excited,

tense

VICARIOUS EXPERIENCES – Accomplishments modeled by

someone else

Goal OrientationFactors that Affect Change

Schunk and Zimmerman - increased capacity to process information, use strategies, and meet a defined goal

Goal orientation involves an individual’s engagement in achieving a focal activity

Self-efficacy - Past experience, perception and good consequences heightens motivation

Goal Setting - more likely to model behaviors that will help them attain goals

LIBRE ModelMulti-faceted meta-cognitive social activity

designed to slow down the problem solving process

There are five prompted steps that are based on social cognitive and goal orientation theory to address initial and sustained attention

The exchange begins with an invitation, ground rules and the five open-ended questions

LIBRE Model Ground RulesRespect – all persons involved in problem solving

must be upheld in a position of esteem understanding that there is a vulnerability involved in disclosing challenge

Client Safety – boundaries must be maintained

Safe Environment – ensure a comfortable private setting

Confidentiality - ensured within defined parameters

Exercise

LIBRE ModelL – to listenI – to identify your

focus/concern/challengeB – to brainstormR – to reality test optionsE – to encourage

Each has as its goal the monitoring of investment

Using the LIBRE Model as a Clinical ToolErikson (1968) explains that identity

development involves an internal (as the person becomes aware of self) and an external (in relationship to others) resolution of crisis

It is these crisis points and the development of resolution that define who we are, what we want, and provide opportunity for development

LIBRE ModelDesigned as a critical thinking template to

facilitate problem solving/decision-making

The goal is to affirm, empower and teach self-efficacy skills and management needed to manage the processing of concerns and problems as they arise

Data UnitsThe student’s words are the only data collected

Only the student’s words are analyzed for social context (e.g., what you are thinking, what you are feeling, how you express what is occurring within your environment), goal orientation (e.g., within your control, detailed) and self-regulated attentiveness

The observed attentiveness: initial and sustained attention is used to define engagement styles

Intervention and Services

Engagement Style Scoring and Implications

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Motivational Investment Levels

Questions & AnswersWhen do I use it?

Can I use it in combination with other interventions?

Are there limits to the populations that it can be used with?

Thank you

Norma S. Guerra, PhD NSCP, LSSP

[email protected]