Tevatron collider, detectors performance Tevatron collider, detectors performance and future projects at Fermilab and future projects at Fermilab Feb 28, 2008 Sergei Nagaitsev (thanks to D. Wood, D. Denisov, R. Roser, J. Konigsberg, P. Oddone) Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
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Tevatron collider, detectors performance and future projects at Fermilab
Tevatron collider, detectors performance and future projects at Fermilab. Feb 28, 2008 Sergei Nagaitsev (thanks to D. Wood, D. Denisov, R. Roser, J. Konigsberg, P. Oddone). Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. Proton source. Antiproton source. CDF. DØ. Tevatron. Main Injector\ - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Tevatron collider, detectors performance Tevatron collider, detectors performance and future projects at Fermilaband future projects at Fermilab
Feb 28, 2008Sergei Nagaitsev
(thanks to D. Wood, D. Denisov, R. Roser, J. Konigsberg, P. Oddone)
Fermi National Accelerator LaboratoryFermi National Accelerator Laboratory
The Tevatron CM energy is limited to 1.96 TeV. While the Run II energy is greater than Run I’s, Run II is not about energy – its about integrated luminosity.
When science historians write about Run II, they will tell the story of… How the amount of delivered luminosity impacted
the ultimate success of the physics program The total luminosity will set the scale for the legacy
of the Tevatron We make continuous improvements to physics
analysis, thus the physics gain is better than SQRT(∫L).
4S. Nagaitsev (FNAL)
Total Integrated LuminosityTotal Integrated Luminosity
5S. Nagaitsev (FNAL)
Tevatron Run 2: 2001 – 2009 (2010)Tevatron Run 2: 2001 – 2009 (2010)
Two multi-purpose and complimentary detectors: CDF and DØ
Integrated Luminosity Delivered 3.7 fb-1 (per
detector) Recorded: about 3.0 fb-1
Goal is 5.5 – 6.5 fb-1 delivered in 2009
2010 Running under discussion (expect 7 – 9 fb-1 delivered)
6S. Nagaitsev (FNAL)
Doing Physics at 2 TeVDoing Physics at 2 TeV
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Need 1010 collisions to produce 1 event with Top quarks
With 1 fb-1, 10k t-tbar events produced;
Understanding and reducing backgrounds is the key to success
We continue to learn and innovate; developing new tools and techniques as needed
S. Nagaitsev (FNAL)
8S. Nagaitsev (FNAL)
Tevatron physics goalsTevatron physics goals
More detailed explorations on new areas we’ve opened Single top, di-bosons, CP in B-physics are all examples Each benefits from having the largest statistical
sample available
Test maximum Ecm What is in the tails…..
Investigating today’s possibilities We already see a number of 2-sigma and 3-sigma
results in our data based on 2 fb-1 analyzed Want x3 - 4 our current dataset to find out whether
any of these discrepancies arise from new physics Higgs potential
SM exclusion should be the benchmark With 7-8 fb-1 of data, we can exclude at the 95% C.L.
the entire interesting mass range (< 200 GeV/c2)
9S. Nagaitsev (FNAL)
The DØ CollaborationThe DØ Collaboration
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DØ is an international collaboration of 580
physicists from 19 nations who have designed, built and operate the DØ detector at the Tevatron and perform
data analysis
Institutions: 89 total, 38 US, 51 non-US
Collaborators:~ 50% from non-US institutions~ 100 postdocs, ~140 graduate students
September 2007 DØ Collaboration Meeting
S. Nagaitsev (FNAL)
DØ : Physics Goals and DetectorDØ : Physics Goals and Detector
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Precision tests of the Standard Model Weak bosons, top quark, QCD, B-physics
Search for particles and forces beyond those known Higgs, supersymmetry, extra dimensions….
protonsantiprotons
3 LayerMuon System
Tracker Solenoid Magnet
20 m
Driven by these goals, the detector emphasizes
Electron, muon and tau identification
Jets and missing transverse energy
Flavor tagging through displaced vertices and leptons
Precision W mass measurementMw_cdf = 80.413 GeV (48 MeV)
Precision Top mass measurementMtop_cdf = 172.7 (2.1) GeV
W-width measurement2.032 (.071) GeV
Observation of new charmless B==>hh states
Observation of Do-Dobar mixingConstant improvement in Higgs
Sensitivity
S. Nagaitsev (FNAL)
Run II Luminosity – Where can we go?Run II Luminosity – Where can we go?
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Projected Integrated Luminosity in Run II (fb-1) vs time
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
time since FY04
Inte
gra
ted
Lu
min
osi
ty (
fb-1
)
extrapolatedfrom FY09
Luminosity projection curves for 2008-2010Luminosity projection curves for 2008-2010
FY08 start
Real data up to FY07 (included)
8.6 fb-1
7.2 fb-1
Highest Int. Lum
Lowest Int. Lum
FY10 start
FY09 and FY10 integrated luminosities assumed to be identical
S. Nagaitsev (FNAL)
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Antiprotons and LuminosityAntiprotons and Luminosity
The strategy for increasing luminosity in the Tevatron is strategy for increasing luminosity in the Tevatron is to increase the number and brightness of antiprotonsto increase the number and brightness of antiprotons
Increase the antiproton production rate Provide a third stage of antiproton cooling with the Recycler Increase the transfer efficiency of antiprotons to low beta in the
Tevatron Provide additional antiproton cooling stages Provide additional antiproton cooling stages
S. Nagaitsev (FNAL)
Beam lifetimes at HEP collisionsBeam lifetimes at HEP collisions
Antiproton lifetime is improved and brightness has increased due to beam cooling in Recycler ring at 8 GeV
Proton lifetime started to suffer from small pbar emittances Pbars 3-4 times smaller than protons Greater fraction of proton bunch sees strongest beam-
beam force Highest head-on tune shifts for protons > 0.024 Using an injection mismatch in Tevatron to blow up
antiproton emittance slightly and improve proton lifetime• Results in slightly lower peak luminosities• Improved integrated luminosities due to better proton lifetimes
22S. Nagaitsev (FNAL)
TevatronTevatron
When does the program stop?
The “natural” life without the LHC would be several more years, roughly at the end of “doubling data in three years”
Very difficult to predict when it will be overtaken by LHC. Prudent to plan running in 2010 – depends on funding scenarios.
Need a TeV-scale lepton colliderNeed a TeV-scale lepton collider
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e- e+
p p
ILC
LHC
InternationalLinear Collider (ILC)
S. Nagaitsev (FNAL)
ILC technology at FermilabILC technology at Fermilab
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Vertical Test Stand
Horizontal Test Stand
First cryomodule
S. Nagaitsev (FNAL)
ILC and FermilabILC and Fermilab
Strong world-wide collaboration on ILC: by far the easiest machine beyond the LHC; both CLIC and muon colliders are more difficult.
ILC will be it – provided LHC tells us the richness of new physics is there.
Technology is broadly applicable – R&D on the technology is important: electron cloud effects, reliable high gradient cavities, final focus….
Fermilab and US community will continue with ILC and SCRF R&D – probably on stretched timescale.
Reality: the likelihood of building ILC in the US is much reduced after the latest round of Congressional actions on ILC, ITER.
30S. Nagaitsev (FNAL)
Intensity frontierIntensity frontier
The general rule: If the LHC discovers new particles – precision
experiments tell about the physics behind through rates/couplings to standard particles
If the LHC does not see new particles – precision experiments with negligible rates in the SM are the only avenue to probe higher energies
Additionally, neutrino oscillations coupled with charged lepton number violating processes constrain GUT model building
31S. Nagaitsev (FNAL)
Fermilab and the intensity frontierFermilab and the intensity frontier
We have designed a program based on a new injector for the complex. Can exploit the large infrastructure of accelerators:
Main Injector (120 GeV), Recycler (8GeV), Debuncher (8 GeV), Accumulator (8 GeV) – would be very expensive to reproduce today
New source uses ILC technology and helps development of the technology in the US
Provides the best program in neutrinos, and rare decays in the world
Positions the US program for an evolutionary path leading to neutrino factories and muon colliders
32S. Nagaitsev (FNAL)
Fermilab and the intensity frontier: Project XFermilab and the intensity frontier: Project X
33S. Nagaitsev (FNAL)
Project X: expandabilityProject X: expandability
Initial configuration exploits alignment with ILC But it is expandable (we will make sure the hooks are
there) Three times the rep rate Three times the pulse length Three times the number of klystrons
Would position the program for a multi-megawatt source for intense muon beams at low <8 GeV energies – very difficult with a synchrotron.
Neutrino program at 120 GeV (2.3 MW); 55% Recycler available at 8 GeV (200kW)
We can develop existing 8 GeV rings to deliver and tailor beams, allowing full duty cycle for experiments with the correct time structure: K decays, e conversion, g-2.