Testing in python 2.7.3

Testing in Python 2.7.3Wen Liao

目標

簡介測試、Python測試相關語法、以及測試元件

Outline

● 關於測試● Python 測試元件 & DEMO● 參考資料

● 萌典：測ㄘㄜˋ 試ㄕˋ○ 對機械、儀器等的性能和安全進行測量。

■ https://www.moedict.tw/#%E6%B8%AC%E8%A9%A6

● Longman: test○ a process used to discover whether equipment or a

product works correctly, or to discover more about it■ 用於確認產品或是設備是否正常動作的流程或■ 用於探索產品或是設備行為的流程

● http://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/test_1

Software testing (Wikipedia)

● 調查產品或服務的品質如何○ 符合規格？○ 行為正確？

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_testing

Software testing (Wikipedia)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_testing

Cost to fix a defect Time detected

Requirements Architecture Construction System test Post-release

Time introduced

Requirements 1× 3× 5–10× 10× 10–100×

Architecture – 1× 10× 15× 25–100×

Construction – – 1× 10× 10–25×

Testing levels

● Unit testing○ Function○ Class method○ Module○ ...

● Integration testing● System testing● Acceptance testing

測試種類

● 確認功能正確● 確認能處理錯誤

Outline

● 關於測試● Python 測試元件 & DEMO● 參考資料

Test Environment

● Ubuntu 12.04.4 LTS● Python 2.7.3

Assertion

● assert 成立條件, “發生錯誤訊息”○ assert buf_len > 10, “buffer length too large”

● disable assertion○ python -O

What is Document

def my_add(x, y):‘’’

This is so called document use help(my_add) will show‘’’

return x + y

doctest module (1)

● Usage：在document中夾入○ >>> 要執行的敘述○ 預期輸出

doctest module (2)

import doctestdef my_add(x, y):

‘’’ >>> my_add(1, 2)

3‘’’return x + y

預期結果

執行測試

import doctest

執行 doctest

doctest.testmod()

DEMO

1. 直接執行測試程式2. 修改錯誤的assertion執行測試程式3. 關掉debug 執行測試程式4. 直接執行測試程式5. 直接執行測試程式加上 -v參數

unittest module

● 用途○ 測試自動化○ 共用測試碼

■ 初始化■ 結束

○ 整合測試項目○ 和被測試對象藕合性最小化

測試對象

● Function(s)● Class(es)

使用方式

● import unittest● 建立class，繼承unittest.TestCase● 寫測試案例● 開始測試

○ unittest.main()

my_cal.py

def my_add(x, y): return x + y

import unittestimport my_add from my_calcclass test_func(unittest.TestCase): def test_my_add(self): print("Test begin") res = my_add(1, 2) self.assertEqual(res, 3) # 接下頁

操作待測物

一定要test開頭，拿掉unittest不會測

繼承class

import unittest

預期結果

import 待測物

# 續上頁

def setUp(self): print("Setup")

def tearDown(self): print("Tear down")

if __name__ == "__main__": unittest.main()

Constructor

Destructor

確認constructor/destructor

$ python ./unit_test.py SetupTest beginTear down

Method Checks that New in

assertEqual(a, b) a == b

assertNotEqual(a, b) a != b

assertTrue(x) bool(x) is True

assertFalse(x) bool(x) is False

assertIs(a, b) a is b 2.7

assertIsNot(a, b) a is not b 2.7https://docs.python.org/2/library/unittest.html#module-unittest

Assertions in unittest

Method Checks that New in

assertIsNone(x) x is None 2.7

assertIsNotNone(x) x is not None 2.7

assertIn(a, b) a in b 2.7

assertNotIn(a, b) a not in b 2.7

assertIsInstance(a, b) isinstance(a, b) 2.7

assertNotIsInstance(a, b) not isinstance(a, b) 2.7

Assertions in unittest

https://docs.python.org/2/library/unittest.html#module-unittest

DEMO 1

● 直接執行程式● 故意設定錯誤條件，觀察assertion情況

Test cases

● unittest class裏面放的是○ Test cases

● 我能不能跑部份的？或是點菜？

○ Yes you can!

TestSuite class: 設定方式之一

suite = unittest.TestSuite()suite.addTest(testcase_class(‘test_case_name’))

範例：

suite = unittest.TestSuite() suite.addTest(test_func('test_my_add'))

TestSuite class: 執行方式之一

● unittest.TextTestRunner().run(suite)

DEMO 2

1. 跑test case程式2. 加入一個test case再執行

Outline

● 關於測試● Python 測試元件 & DEMO● 參考資料

參考資料 (1)

● Software Testing○ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_testing

● Test Driven Development Tutorial○ http://www.slideshare.net/Skud/test-driven-

development-tutorial

參考資料 (2)

● Python Tutorial 第五堂（3）使用 assert 與 doctest○ http://www.codedata.com.tw/python/python-tutorial-

the-5th-class-3-assert-doctest/● The Python Standard Library -> 25.2.

doctest — Test interactive Python examples○ https://docs.python.org/2/library/doctest.

html#module-doctest

參考資料 (3)

● Python 單元測試（Unit Testing）○ http://imsardine.wordpress.com/tech/unit-testing-in-

python/● Python Tutorial 第六堂（1）使用 unittest 單元

測試○ http://www.codedata.com.tw/python/python-tutorial-

the-6th-class-1-unittest/

參考資料 (4)

● The Python Standard Library -> 25.3. unittest — Unit testing framework○ https://docs.python.org/2/library/unittest.

html#module-unittest

Q & A