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Test Effectiveness Antimicrobial Extract Etanol Leaves Melinjo (Gnetum Gnemon L.) On Growth Of Bacteria Propionibacterium
Acnes
1nd
Resva Meinisasti 2st
Wenti Puspita 3st
Raden Sunita
Department of Analyst Department of Analyst Department of Analyst Health Poltekkes Health Poltekkes Health Poltekkes
Bengkulu, Indonesia Bengkulu, Indonesia Bengkulu, Indonesia
Examine the effectiveness of antimicrobial substances contained in the leaf extract of melinjo on the growth of Propionibacterium acnes.
III. RESEARCH METHOD This research use design descriptive that is
by doing effectivity test of a leaf of melinjo with
the variation of concentration 2,5%, 5%, 7,5% and
10% to growth of bacteria Propionibacterium acne
which then studied the effect of the treatment.
Integrated Laboratory Poltekkes Kemenkes
Bengkulu in December 2017- May 2018. Samples
used are old leaves melinjo with current physical
condition.
IV. RESEARCH PROCEDURES
Melinjo Leaf Extraction by Maseration Method The dried melinjo leaves are mashed
using a blender to a powder, then weighed as much as 300 grams, inserted into the container and then macerated with 96% ethanol of 1000 mL and stirred with a stir bar and then let stand for three days. A filter filtered the extract, obtained filtrate I, collected in a bottle and one dregs plus ethanol 96% 1000 mL again, stirred with a stir bar and set aside for three nights. After that, the extract is filtered with filter paper to obtain filtrate II. Furthermore, the same process carried out until the obtained filtrate III. All filtrate obtained from the maceration process I, II, III were combined, filtered, and concentrated with a vacuum rotary
evaporator at a temperature of 400C to obtain a
viscous extract [5].
Table 4.1 Result of Inhibition Zone of Melinjo
Leaf Extract
The results of antimicrobial effectivity test
of leaf extract of melinjo proved to inhibit the
growth of Propionibacterium acne bacteria with the
formation of a clear zone around the disc. The
cleared zone formed is a zone of inhibition for
bacterial growth. This occurs because of the
effectiveness of antimicrobials on the leaves of
melinjo, At a concentration of 2.5% the average
inhibit zone formed is 6.13 mm, the concentration
of 5% is 6.68 mm, the concentration of 7.5% is
7.92 mm concentration of 10% is 10.94 mm,
positive control 20.15 mm and negative control 0 mm. According to David and Stout the rate of
inhibition of bacterial growth if the inhibitory zone
is 5 mm or less, the inhibition rate is categorized as
weak, 5-10 mm is categorized, 10-20 mm is
strongly categorized, and 20 mm or more is very
strong.
VI. DISCUSSION Results of drag zone contained in ethanol
extract of leaf melinjo that is with the formation of
clear zone on bacteria growth medium
Propionibacterium acnes at treatment of extract
concentration from 2,5%, 5%, 7,5%, and 10%
resulted in inhibition zone average 6 , 13 mm, 6.68
mm, 7.92 mm, and 10.94 mm. According to David Stout, the
concentration of extracts 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5% into
the category of moderate with the percentage of
effectiveness of inhibitory power of bacteria that is
30.42%, 33.15%, and 39.30%, the concentration of
extract 10% ethanol into strong category with the
percentage of the effectiveness of the inhibitory
power of bacteria that is 54.29%. The higher the
concentration of the ethanol extract of melinjo
leaves the larger the inhibit zone diameter [5]. Kining conducted previous studies in
2015 on the antibacterial activity of leaf melinjo
(Gnetum gnemon L.) To bacteria, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa showed an inhibitory zone of 11 mm.
It indicates that the drag zone formed in this study
is smaller than that of previous studies [7].
This research was also conducted by
(Taroreh, Rumampuk, and Siagian, 2016), about
melinjo leaf extract (Gnetum gnemon L.) On the
growth of bacteria Streptococcus mutans. At a
concentration of 100% Zone of inhibition of
melinjo leaf extract has an antibacterial effect on
Streptococcus mutans of 10.6 mm with a resistance
zone response in the moderate category when
compared to amoxic antibiotic [7]. Folifenol compounds are flavonoids and
tannins. Extracellular Flavonoid compound is a
compound that has a very high potential as an
antioxidant and has bioactivity as a drug.
Flavonoids will interfere with the metabolic
functions of microorganisms such as bacteria.
Flavonoids will form complexes with extracellular
proteins thereby destroying bacterial cell
membranes. The mechanism of action will
mendenatuasi protein cell bacteria and damage the
cell membranes without being restored [3]. Tannins have phenol compounds that
have hydroxyl groups in them, the mechanisms in which bacteria are deactivated by utilizing polarity
differences between lipids and hydroxyl groups. If the bacterial cells contain more lipid, then it takes
a high concentration to make the bacteria lisis [2].
100
Advances in Health Sciences Research (AHSR), volume 14
Saponin belongs to antibacterial
compounds because it can suppress the growth of
bacteria. Saponin will bind to lipopolysaccharides
on the cell wall of bacteria, resulting in increased
permeability of the cell wall and decrease the
surface tension of the cell wall so that when the
interaction occurs the cell wall will rupture or lysis
and make antibacterial substances will enter the
cells quickly and will disrupt bacterial metabolism
death [6] The steroid is a triterpenoid compound
that alleged mechanism of action was inhibiting
bacteria by destroying cell membrane so that
leakage occurs. Alkaloids can also cause bacterial
cells to be susceptible to lysis, which is thought to
have a working mechanism by disrupting the
constituent components of the cell wall so that the
cell wall is not entirely formed [7]
VII. CONCLUSION Based on the research of effectivity of leaf
extract of melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L) inhibition
zone, Propionibacterium acne it can be concluded that there is inhibition power of leaf extract of
melinjo with higher concentration then increase antimicrobial effectivity tobacteria Propionibacterium acnes.
VIII. SUGGESTIONS For the Society, this research can be
suggested for people to be able to use the leaves of melinjo as a traditional medicinal plant because the
leaf extract of melinjo has effectiveness in inhibiting the growth of bacteria
Propionibacterium acne.
REFERENCES [1] Apriani, D., Amaliawati, N. and Kurniati, E. (2014)
'Volume 3 No. 1 the Year 2014 Journal of Technology Laboratory', Technology Laboratory, 3.
[2] Ismarani. (2012). Potential of Tannin Compound
Supporting in Friendly Production
Environmentally. Journal Unisma (Islamic University "45") Bekasi, 3(2), 46-55.
[3] Juliantina, F., Citra, DA, Nirwani, B., Nurmasitoh, T., Bowo, ET, & Gnhjk. (2012). Bacteria Against Bacteria Gram Positive And Gram. Journal of
Medicine and Health Indonesia, 10,
10.
[4] Movita, T. (2013) 'Acne vulgaris,' Continuing
Medical Education, 40 (4), pp.269-272. [5] Rahmi, A. et al. (2015) 'Activity Test of
AntibacterialBeluntasLeafExtract (Pluchea indica (L.) Less.) Against
Propionibacterium acnes Causes of Acne', Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, IX (1), pp. 141-161.
[6] Septiadi, T., Pringgenies, D., & Radjasa, OK (2013). Phytochemical Test and Anti-Hell Activity Extract