Test Bank for Developing Person Through Childhood and ... · for-developing-person-through-childhood-and-adolescence-10th-edition-by-berger/ Chapter 03 1. The single cell formed from

Test Bank for Developing Person

Through Childhood and Adolescence

10th Edition by Berger

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for-developing-person-through-childhood-and-adolescence-10th-

edition-by-berger/ Chapter 03 1. The single cell formed from the union of two gametes, a sperm and ovum, is called a . A) chromosome

B) phenotype

C) genotype

D) zygote

2. Every person begins life as a single cell, which is

called a . A) chromosome

B) zygote

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C) genotype D) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

3. All living things are composed of cells. The work of

cells is done by .

A) proteins B) zygotes

C) genotypes

D) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

4. Each molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is

stored on a .

A) chromosome

B) ribonucleic acid (RNA) C) gene

D) zygote

5. A(n) is one of the 46 molecules of DNA (in 23

pairs) that virtually every cell of the human body

contains and that, together, contain all the genes.

A) chromosome B) allele

C) genotype

D) zygote

6. Each cell in the human body contains .

A) 46 pairs of chromosomes B) 46 chromosomes

C) 23 chromosomes

D) 20 pairs of chromosomes

7. A small section of a chromosome that is the basic unit

for the transmission of heredity is a .

A) gamete B) gene

C) genotype

D) zygote

8. Each gene directs the formation of specific proteins

made from a string of .

A) chromosomes B) amino acids

C) gametes

D) DNA

9. The instructions for making amino acids are on about

3 billion pairs of chemicals called .

A) couple pairs B) foundation pairs

C) base pairs

D) copy pairs

10. A variation that makes a gene different in some way

from other genes for the same characteristics is a(n)

.

A) chromosome B) zygote

C) genotype

D) allele

11. The process of methylation can genetic

instructions.

A) alter B) change the genes underlying the

C) delete

D) generate novel

12. Differences among people begin with alleles,

which can be caused by transpositions, deletions, or

repetitions of base pairs, making some genes .

A) polymorphic B) multimorphic

C) allelemorphic D) transmorphic

13. The name of the full set of genes that provides the

instructions for making living organisms is the .

A) phenotype B) genotype

C) genome D) allele

14. At the moment of conception, the nuclei from

the sperm and egg fuse, bringing together about genes. A) 10,000

B) 20,000

C) 30,000

D) 40,000

15. The one-celled zygote copies itself again and

again and changes names as it multiplies. These names

include .

A) genome B) blastocyst

C) placenta

D) chorionic villi

16. An individual’s genetic inheritance is called a(n)

. A) phenotype

B) allele

C) genotype

D) gamete

17. In 22 of the 23 pairs of chromosomes, both members

of the pair are closely matched. Each of these 44

chromosomes is called a(n) .

A) allele B) gamete

C) autosome

D) blastocyst

18. The first 22 chromosomes contain hundreds of

genes in the same positions and sequence. If the code of

the gene from one parent is exactly like the code on the

same gene from the other parent, the gene pair is

. A) homozygous

B) heterozygous

C) monozygotic

D) dizygotic 19. The first 22 chromosomes contain hundreds of

genes in the same positions and sequence. If the code of

the gene from one parent differs from the code on the

same gene from the other parent, the gene pair is

.

A) homozygous B) heterozygous

C) monozygotic

D) dizygotic

20. On the 23rd pair of chromosomes, males have .

A) two X chromosomes

B) two Y chromosomes C) an X and a Y chromosome

D) just a Y chromosome

21. On the 23rd pair of chromosomes, females have _ .

A) two X chromosomes B) two Y chromosomes

C) an X and a Y chromosome

D) just a Y chromosome

22. On the 23rd pair of chromosomes, have two X

chromosomes.

A) females B) embryos

C) sperm

D) males

23. Males have one X and one Y on .

A) each sperm B) the 43rd chromosome

C) the 23rd pair of chromosomes

D) each stem cell

24. Michelle and Greg are having a baby and are hoping

for a boy. What is responsible for determining the

sex of the baby?

A) Michelle’s egg B) Greg’s sperm

C) food Michelle ate

D) Michelle’s sleeping position

25. Allen learned in his college biology class that, with

respect to the sex chromosomes, the .

A) Y chromosome is larger than the

X chromosome and has more genes B) X chromosome is larger than the Y

chromosome and has more genes C) X and Y chromosomes are the same size,

but the X chromosome has more genes

D) X and Y chromosomes are the same size and

have the same number of genes

26. Couples can select the sex of a child by .

A) inactivating X or Y sperm before conception B) selecting only X eggs for fertilization

C) consuming specific foods prior

to conception D) changing the type of underwear the

prospective father wears

27. In China, a “one-child” policy implemented in about

1979 cut the birth rate in half. Although the intended

goal of reducing poverty was achieved, several

unintended consequences were identified, including

.

A) far more unmarried men in China than

women

B) millions of newborn boys being placed

for adoption C) males living longer than females

D) decreased abortions of female fetuses

28. Within hours after conception, the first 23 pairs of

chromosomes within the zygote , forming two

complete sets of the genome.

A) divide B) duplicate

C) differentiate

D) detach

29. When a baby is born, the zygote has become about

billion cells. A) 5

B) 10

C) 15

D) 26

30. cells are able to produce any other cells. A) Polymorphic

B) Foundation

C) Stem

D) Allele

31. A high school science teacher asks the students

what cells could be used to produce any other cell in the

body. If the students respond with cells they

will be correct.

A) polymorphic

B) foundation

C) stem

D) allele

32. After about the eight-cell stage within the zygote,

cells start to , meaning that they take different

forms and reproduce at various rates depending on

where they are located.

A) divide B) duplicate

C) differentiate

D) detach

33. Alice loves to share information that she has learned

from school with her parents. She came home one

day and, at dinner, told her family she learned about

cell differentiation in science class. The information

she tells them is correct, so over dinner she told

them that once cells differentiate .

A) they can still transform into different cells B) only cells in the brain can still transform

into different cells C) they can transform into stem cells

D) they can no longer transform into different

cells

34. Identical twins are also called twins.

A) monozygotic

B) dizygotic C) zygotic

D) gamete

35. Justin and Jacob are identical twins. They are the

result of .

A) one ovum fertilized by one sperm that

split into two zygotes B) two separate ova that were fertilized by

two different sperms C) one ovum that was fertilized by two sperms

D) two ova that were fertilized by one sperm

36. Monozygotic twins have percent of their genes

in common.

A) 25 B) 50

C) 75

D) 100

37. If an individual needed an organ donation, which

organ donor would be the best match for

this individual?

A) a stranger B) their younger sibling

C) their dizygotic twin

D) their monozygotic twin

38. Fraternal twins are also called twins.

A) monozygotic B) dizygotic

C) zygotic

D) gamete

39. Jack and Jill are twins. They are the result of .

A) one ovum fertilized by one sperm that

split into two zygotes

B) two separate ova that were fertilized by

two different sperms C) one ovum that was fertilized by two sperms

D) two ova that were fertilized by one sperm

40. Sally and Tim were planning on starting a family.

Sally’s extended family has several sets of dizygotic

twins. When speaking with their doctor, Sally asked

what could cause her to have dizygotic twins. The

doctor informed her that the likelihood of having

dizygotic twins will be determined by .

A) her husband’s genes B) her genes

C) the environment

D) an interaction between her genes and the

environment

41. Which female is more likely to naturally

conceive dizygotic twins? A) a woman from Japan

B) a woman from Korea

C) a woman from China D) a woman from America

42. Which female is more likely to naturally

conceive dizygotic twins? A) a 20-year-old woman

B) a 25-year-old woman

C) a 30-year-old woman

D) a 35-year-old woman

43. After twins are conceived, their chance of survival

until birth depends on the prenatal circumstances.

An early sonogram might reveal two developing

organisms, but later only one embryo continues to

grow. This is referred to as the twin

phenomenon.

A) vanishing B) disappearing

C) terminated D) missing

44. Dizygotic twins have percent of their genes in

common.

A) 25

B) 50

C) 75

D) 100

45. Twins who are the same sex and are similar in

appearance and traits are .

A) monozygotic twins B) dizygotic twins

C) monozygotic or dizygotic twins

D) not possible to determine if they

are monozygotic or dizygotic twins

46. The general term for the techniques designed to

help infertile couples conceive and then sustain a

pregnancy is .

A) in vitro fertilization (IVF) B) assisted reproductive technology (ART)

C) intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)

D) multifactorial

47. A couple has been trying to conceive a child for 12

months. They decide to consult with a doctor, who

makes the general recommendation that they

consider using to try to conceive a child.



D) multifactorial

48. An ovum is surgically removed from an ovary,

fertilized in a glass lab dish, and then inserted into

the uterus. This process is referred to as .

A) in vitro fertilization (IVF)

B) assisted reproductive technology (ART) C) intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)

D) multifactorial

49. Which woman is least likely to experience

birth complications in an in vitro fertilization (IVF)

pregnancy? A) a 25-year-old woman

B) a 35-year-old woman

C) a 45-year-old woman

D) a 55-year-old woman

50. To improve the odds of a successful in vitro

fertilization (IVF), a sperm may be inserted directly

into each ovum. This procedure is called .



D) multifactorial

51. In the United States, the rates of twins and

triplets have significantly increased over the past two

decades, mostly due to .

A) higher average maternal age B) higher average paternal age

C) increased use of assisted

reproductive technology D) genetic factors

52. The risk of birth complications with in vitro

fertilization (IVF).

A) increases slightly

B) increases greatly

C) decreases slightly

D) decreases greatly

53. Theis a person’s appearance, behavior, and

brain and body functions.

A) phenotype B) allele

C) genotype

D) gamete

54. Timur and Juan are playing basketball. Timur shoots

the ball and Juan blocks the shot. Timur says, “Wow, I

didn’t realize how tall you were until you did that!”

Timur’s comment refers to Juan’s .

A) phenotype B) allele

C) genotype

D) gamete

55. An individual’s phenotype is dependent on .

A) an individual’s genes B) the environment

C) an individual’s genes and the environment D) an individual’s genes during prenatal

development and the environment

postnatally

56. Almost every trait is , which means it is affected

by many genes.

A) polygenic

B) nonadditive

C) X-linked

D) monozygotic

57. Jackie rushed into the house after school and

announced to her parents, “My personality is !

So many genes make me who I am!”

A) polygenic B) nonadditive

C) multifactorial

D) monozygotic

58. refers to a trait that is affected by many factors,

both genetic and environmental, that enhance, halt, shape,

or alter the expression of genes, resulting in a phenotype

that may differ markedly from the genotype.

A) Polygenic B) Nonadditive

C) Multifactorial

D) Monozygotic

59. James was born with the genes to be a professional

athlete, but his environmental experiences never

supported the development of his potential athletic

ability so he never became a professional athlete.

This example illustrates the concept of a trait being

.


C) multifactorial

D) monozygotic

60. Epigenetics means that a trait .

A) is determined by genes alone B) is determine by the environment alone

C) is determined by genes and the

environment

D) is determined by genes more than

the environment

61. Oliver has inherited genes that put him at risk for

developing diabetes, but he never develops diabetes

due to a healthy diet and exercise. This example

demonstrates that human characteristics, including

diabetes, are .


C) multifactorial

D) epigenetic

62. The was a worldwide effort to map the

complete human genetic code.

A) Karyotype Testing

B) Epigenetic Project C) Human Genome Project

D) Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism

63. One of the surprising findings from the Human

Genome Project was that .

A) humans have far more genes than

had previously been thought B) humans are extremely genetically different

from each other

C) it can be difficult to figure out where

one gene starts and another ends D) it is easy to predict exactly how genes

from one parent will interact with the genes

from the other

64. When the effects of genes add up to make the

phenotype, they are called genes.

A) dominant B) recessive

C) additive

D) nonadditive

65. Holly learned from her science teacher that

her height resulted from about 180 genes, each

contributing a tiny amount of genetic information.

Holly learned that her height was due to .

A) additive genes

B) dominant genes C) recessive genes

D) nonadditive genes

66. In a heterozygous pair of alleles, the phenotype

reflects one allele more than the other. This is

referred to as a(n) .

A) additive pattern B) multifactorial pattern

C) dominant–recessive pattern

D) polygenic pattern

67. Brown-eyed Alma has a blue-eyed mother and a

brown-eyed father. In this case, her brown eyes

were determined by a(n) allele. A) dominant

B) recessive

C) additive D) dizygotic

68. Lacy has a recessive gene in her genotype that is not

expressed in her phenotype. She is a(n) of that gene.

A) recipient B) carrier

C) expresser

D) reactor

69. refers to a gene carried on the X chromosome.

A) X-linked B) Polygenic

C) Multifactorial

D) Recessive

70. Michael is color-blind. His gene for color blindness is

most likely a .

A) dominant gene on his X chromosome B) dominant gene on his Y chromosome

C) recessive gene on his X chromosome

D) recessive gene on his Y chromosome

71. With regard to X-linked traits, who is more likely

to be a carrier, and who is more likely to express them? A) Females are more likely to be carriers,

whereas males are more likely to express

them.

B) Females are just as likely to be carriers as to

express them. C) Males are more likely to be carriers,

whereas females are more likely to

express them. D) Males are unlikely to be carriers or

to express them.

72. Genes with various repeats or deletions of base pairs

are referred to as .

A) polymorphic B) autosomes

C) polygenic D) copy number variations

73. is when genes have different effects depending

on whether they come from the mother or the father.

A) Additive pattern B) Dominant–recessive pattern

C) Parental imprinting

D) Copy number variations

74. Some individuals react to alcohol with sleepiness,

nausea, or joy. Different reactions may be due to

.

A) different types of alcohol

B) variations in drinking styles C) individual differences in biochemistry

D) climactic differences between regions

75. Research indicates that alcoholism is caused by .

A) nature only B) nurture only

C) a combination of nature and nurture

D) poor moral character

76. Which statement is true about alcoholism? A) Alcoholism is polygenic and culture is a

pivotal factor.

B) Alcoholism is polygenic and genes are

a pivotal factor.

C) Alcoholism is X-linked and culture is

a pivotal factor. D) Alcoholism is X-linked and genes are a

pivotal factor.

77. Due to biological sex (XX or XY) women become

drunk on than men.

A) more alcohol B) less alcohol

C) the same amount of alcohol

D) more alcohol in the summer and

less alcohol in the winter

78. Which characteristic has been found to

affect nearsightedness? A) gender

B) too much vitamin A in the diet

C) too much time spent outdoors

D) age

79. Eyeballs change shape at typical stages of

development, including puberty and middle

adulthood. This makes it more likely that

nearsightedness will increase at puberty,

and will decrease during middle adulthood.

A) farsightedness B) genetic heritability

C) myopia

D) expression of the Pax6 gene

80. The statistic that indicates how much of the variation

in a particular trait can be traced to genes is called

.

A) a correlation B) heritability

C) the mean

D) probability

81. The heritability for human traits, such as nearsightedness,.

A) is the same in every culture B) can differ between cultures

C) is not influenced by cultural factors D) will always be different between cultures

82. Eight-year-old Joe has no difficulty seeing

things near him but sometimes struggles to see

things in the distance. Joe gets his eyes checked and

is told that he does not yet need corrective lenses for

nearsightedness. Instead, drawing on current

research, the ophthalmologist advises that he .

A) do homework in a very brightly lit room B) watch television on a larger screen

C) play outside more

D) avoid reading small print

83. Knowing that nature and nurture affect every human

trait and disorder means that .

A) no one should be blamed or punished for

inherited problems B) prevention efforts will not decrease the

occurrence of the trait or disorder C) ignoring the nature–nurture influence on

human traits and disorders can be beneficial

D) nurture can always override the

potential influence of nature

84. Ways in which chromosomal and genetic problems

are relevant to human development include .

A) they deny the complexities of nature

and nurture B) information combats prejudice:

Difference is not always deficit C) knowing that nature is influential

means that nurture can be ignored

D) knowing the origins allows for a cure

85. Which mother is at greatest risk of having a

child with a chromosomal abnormality? A) a 20-year-old mother

B) a 30-year-old mother

C) a 35-year-old mother

D) a 40-year-old mother

86. Approximately once in every births, a newborn

survives with 45, 47, or even 48 or 49

chromosomes instead of the usual 46.

A) 20 B) 200

C) 2,000 D) 20,000

87. Sally is born with 47 chromosomes instead of the

usual 46. Sally’s chances of survival are .

A) 1 in 20 B) 1 in 200

C) 1 in 2,000

D) 1 in 20,000

88. The most common extra-chromosome condition is

.

A) Down syndrome

B) nearsightedness C) fragile X syndrome

D) Turner syndrome

89. Down syndrome is also called .

A) trisomy-12 B) trisomy-13

C) trisomy-21

D) trisomy-31

90. An individual with an extra chromosome on the 21st

pair of chromosomes has .

A) Down syndrome B) nearsightedness

C) fragile X syndrome

D) Turner syndrome

91. One in every infants is born with only one sex

chromosome or with three or more, which creates

a chromosomal abnormality.

A) 50 B) 500

C) 5,000

D) 50,000

92. Most of the known single-gene disorders are .

A) recessive

B) dominant C) difficult to identify

D) additive

93. Which is an example of a single-gene disorder that

is dominant? A) Down syndrome

B) nearsightedness


D) Huntington disease

94. A fatal central nervous system disorder caused by

a copy number variation in which more than 35

repetitions of a particular set of three base pairs are

present is .




95. The cognitive deficits caused by the genetic

condition known as are the most common form of

inherited mental retardation.




96. Most recessive genetic disorders are .

A) on the autosomes B) X-linked

C) additive

D) polygenic

97. Consultation and testing by trained experts

that enable individuals to learn about their genetic

heritage, including harmful conditions they might

pass along to any children they may conceive, is

referred to as .

A) couples counseling

B) marriage counseling C) genetic counseling

D) individual counseling

98. Who is most likely to benefit from

preconception, prenatal, or even prenuptial (before

marriage) genetic counseling? A) women over age 35 and men over age 40

B) couples who already have children

C) couples who have never had a spontaneous

abortion or stillbirth D) women who are younger than 25 and men

who are younger than 30

Answer Key

1. D 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. D 11. A 12. A

13. C 14. B 15. B 16. C 17. C 18. A

19. B 20. C 21. A 22. A

23. C

24. B 25. B 26. A 27. A

28. B 29. D

30. C 31. C 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. A 36. D 37. D

38. B 39. B 40. B 41. D 42. D 43. A

44. B 45. C 46. B 47. B

48. A 49. A

50. C 51. C 52. A 53. A 54. A

55. C 56. A 57. A

58. C

59. C

60. C 61. D

62. C 63. C 64. C 65. A

66. C 67. A

68. B 69. A

70. C 71. A

72. D

73. C 74. C 75. C 76. A

77. B

78. D

79. C 80. B 81. B 82. C 83. A

84. B 85. D

86. B 87. B 88. A

89. C 90. A

91. B 92. B 93. D 94. D

95. C

96. A

97. C 98. A

Test Bank for Developing Person Through Childhood and ... · for-developing-person-through-childhood-and-adolescence-10th-edition-by-berger/ Chapter 03 1. The single cell formed from

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