Test and Verification Requirements in IEEE Std 1547-2018 ... PUC TSG Mtg 7... · our engagement in the revision and application of IEEE Std 1547. We also thank the IEEE Standard Coordination
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This presentation and discussion here on IEEE Std 1547-2018 are EPRI’s views and are not the formal position, explanation or position of the IEEE.
We would like to thank our EPRI members for their continued support of our engagement in the revision and application of IEEE Std 1547. We also thank the IEEE Standard Coordination Committee 21 (SCC21) and IEEE P1547 Leadership for their contributions to this educational outreach.
As an independent, nonprofit organization for public interest energy and environmental research, EPRI does not endorse any standards or gives any regulatory advice. Any statements in this presentation that could be construed otherwise are by mistake and not intended by the presenter.DRAFT
Application of IEEE P1547 prior to IEEE P1547.1 Revision
UL Certification: Grid Support, Utility Interactive Product
Scope: Safety & Electric Shock Certification to UL1741 including UL
1741 SA for grid support and general grid interconnection per IEEE 1547
Includes Testing to Verify: 1.UL 1741 electric shock/fire tests 2.UL 1741 SA grid support tests 3.Unique tests of IEEE 1547 for general grid interconnection
not covered by UL 1741 SA tests, as needed?
Deliverable: UL Certification as a Grid Support Utility Interactive product
UL Certification of Inverters
• Traditional UL1741• IEEE 1547 & 1547.1 (1st ed.)
Interconnection Requirements
Utility Interactive
• UL 1741 SA Grid Support Functions• Source Requirements Documents like
Remote Configurability ‡ ‡ (P2) ‡Return to Service (Enter Service) ‡ ‡ (P1) ‡
Legend: X Prohibited, √ Allowed by Mutual Agreement, ‡ Capability Required, ∆ Test and Verification Defined Source: EPRI | Please contact us for any[ … ] Subject to clarification of the technical requirements and use cases, !!! Important Gap suggested updates to this table.
Utilization of Settings in the Intersection of Ranges of Allowable Settings of Existing Interconnection Rules Can Prevent Re-Certification of Inverters
Hierarchy of DER Interconnection Requirements & Settings
1 Based on decision by Authority Governing Interconnection Requirements (AGIR), may be a public utilities commission or similar
Preferred Utility-Required Profile• Consideration of distribution and
bulk system impacts.• May include settings other than
the SRD’s default values
Preferred URP1
(state-wide or similar)
Most DERs
Utility-Required Profile for Distribution Service Area• Included in interconnection agreement template• Specific to Distribution Utility’s practices, e.g.,
automatic re-closing, distribution circuit characteristics, operating practices
DU-URP(distribution utility specific)
Many DERs
Utility-Required Profile for Site• Included in site-specific interconnection agreement (IA)• May result from site-specific interconnection screeningsIA-URP
(site specific)
FewDERs
Adopted SRD1 with Default Values(state-wide or similar)
IEEE Std 1547-2003Focused on distribution system aspects.•Specifications for the • “interconnection system” sufficiently achieve the standard’s objective.Meant as DER interconnection standard but •mainly used for equipment listing.Limited to electrical requirements.•Shall • trip and shall not regulate voltage
Important changes between 2003 and 2018
Area EPSInterconnection
System
Scope of IEEE Std 1547
DER unit
IEEE Std 1547-2018• Focused on distribution and bulk system aspects.• Specifications encompass the whole DER.• Can be used for equipment listing as well as
plant-level verification.• Includes both electrical as well as
interoperability/communications requirements.• Shall be capable of ride-through and grid support
Reference Point of Applicability (RPA) and Compliance with or without supplemental DER device determines the verification requirements.– Point of Common Coupling (PCC)– Point of DER Connection (PoC)– Any point between, or including, the PoC and PCC
RPA is determined by:– The characteristics of the Local EPS and DER – Default reference point is Point of Common Coupling (PCC)– Point of DER Connection (PoC) is Allowed in Certain CasesDRAFT
point of common coupling (PCC) – The point where a Local EPS is connected to an Area EPS.
point of distributed energy resources connection (point of DER connection—PoC): The point where a DER unit is electrically connected in an EPS and meets the requirements of this standard exclusive of any load present in the respective part of the Local EPS.
supplemental DER device:An equipment that is used to obtain compliance with some or all of the performance requirements of this standard.
– capacitor banks, STATCOMs– harmonic filters not part of a DER unit – protection devices, plant controllers
New Figure 1 and Related Normative Definitions
There is a large variety of actual DER setups in the field. Figure 1 aims at illustrating five examples to explain certain concepts.DRAFT
Zero sequence continuity maintained ?Yes Figure H-2No
Major Changes in a Nutshell
RPA depends on:
Zero-sequence continuity (or not)
Aggregate DER nameplate rating (500kVA)
Annual average load demand (10%)
Zero-sequence continuity:
Circuit topology providing continuity between two defined points in the zero sequence network representation.
NOTE—A transformer having a delta or ungrounded-wye winding in the topological path between the defined points produces discontinuity of the zero-sequence network.
Applicability of Requirements (for Local EPS where zero sequence continuity is maintained)
The reference point of applicability (RPA) has implications for testing & conformance requirements in IEEE 1547-2018 & P1547.1.DRAFT
For DER system that shall meet requirements at PCC
DER System – – DER system is fully compliant at PCC No supplemental DER device needed
Composite – – Composite of partially compliant DER that is, as a whole, fully compliant at PCC
May need one or more supplemental DER device(s)
Examples for supplemental DER devices: capacitor banks, STATCOMs, harmonic filters that are not part of a DER unit, protection devices, plant controllers, etc.
Note that UL 1741 CRD for Power Control Systems is complementing IEEE P1547.1 for non-export DER.DRAFT
Verification of requirements for larger-scale DER facilities
Drivers: Requirements may apply at the DER facility’s connection point with the grid (“PCC” in 1547 jargon) Verification of advanced requirements, like ride-through, may not be possible in commissioning tests / by utility
Who should perform the DER facility verification? 1st Party / Suppliers Declaration of Conformity (SDOC)
− Self Declaration; DER operator / developer conduct their own testing
2nd Party Conformity Assessment – common practice in the U.S.− Conformity assessment conducted by the end purchaser of products (e.g., Service Providers,
the Area EPS operator / utility ) to ensure purchased products are deemed compliant or interoperable
3rd Party Conformity Assessment – common practice for example in Germany− Conformity assessment being determined by an independent body
Challenges: “Bulk system reliability” is a public good but the public is not directly represented at the table Distribution utilities may not (yet) adequately consider bulk system reliability nor be able to verify large amounts of
interconnecting DER facilities The DER developer may have a conflict of interest and may not have the required PCC-specific grid data available
Drivers and Challenges
Related International Standards■ Accreditation Bodies –
Verification of requirements for larger-scale DER facilities
• New 1547 specifies verification requirements but remains intentionally unspecificon responsible entities. Leaves latitude to Authority Governing Interconnection Requirements (AGIR) to specify
responsibilities.
• Uses “may” & “or” language rather than “shall” language in Clause 11. Provides more guidance than mandatory requirements.
• There is no intention to specify any binding requirements in the IEEE P1547.1 currently under revision. Future revisions of IEEE Std 1547 and 1547.1 may include specific mandatory requirements.
Type TestsTypically done in • test lab or factoryTests on • representative DER Unit or DER systemType test from a DER within a product family of the same design•
Design Evaluation• Desk study• Check equipment together meet requirements• Typically done off-site before equipment is delivered and installed• Detailed: engineering verification of components, may do modeling and simulation
Interconnection review
Equipment conformance
testing
As-Built Installation Evaluation
• Performed on site at the time of commissioning• Basic: check components and connections
Post-installationreview
Production Tests• Done in test lab, factory, or on equipment in field• Tests on every unit of DER and interconnection• Verify operability and document default function settings
Commissioning Tests
• Performed on site at the time of commissioning• Basic: visual check equipment, isolation device • Detailed: check functionality and interoperability as a system
PeriodicMaintenance • Scheduled or other criteria• Reverification needed on important system changes
Verification of requirements for larger-scale DER facilitiesExample for DER certification in Germany
Source: J. Langstädtler, B. Schowe-Von der Brelie, and F. Kalverkamp, “Certified wind power plants as a dependable solution for effective system integration,” in World Wind Energy
Conference, 2012.
The Certification Triangle The Certification Triplet
Requirements for certification of certain DERs have been required by German law since 2009 and were linked to the renewable energy tariff.
Periodic Tests and Verifications Reverification of interoperability requirements of IEEE Std 1547-2018 may be
required when any of the following events occur:
– Functional software or firmware changes have been made on the DER.
– Any hardware component of the DER has been modified in the field or has been replaced or repaired with parts that are not substitutive components compliant with this standard.
– Protection settings have been changed after factory testing.
– Protection functions have been adjusted after the initial commissioning process. DRAFT
IEEE P1547 standardizes “advanced DERs” and may accelerate state of the art. – It can provide high value to the power industry by providing a reference to technical minimum
requirements.
Specification of test and verification requirements is under way in P1547.1.– Interim solutions via UL1741-SA exist.– New 1547 and 1547.1 provide guidance for DER facility-level evaluations/verifications.
New 1547 remains intentionally unspecific on DER design and as-built evaluations and responsible entities.– Leaves latitude to Authority Governing Interconnection Requirements (AGIR) how to
implement new IEEE 1547 and 1547.1.– Stakeholders will drive specific requirements based on DER system complexity, Area EPS
1547 / .1 stopgap solution with UL 1741 (SA) for PoC-applicable smaller DER
• Inverter-coupled DER applications shall be compliant with all utility-specific settings defined in utility-required profiles (URPs) but only with parts of IEEE Std 1547-2018 (2nd ed.)
• An informative annex to UL1741-SA is being prepared to specify a majority of capability requirements and settings of IEEE Std 1547-2018 (2nd ed.) as the Source Requirements Document (SRD) that can be tested and verified per type test requirements of UL1741 Supplement-SA (September 2016).
• Re-certification of UL1741-SA (September 2016) certified equipment may become necessary for any IEEE Std 1547-2018 (2nd ed.) “ranges of allowable settings” that are outside the CA Rule 21 and/or HECO SRD v1.1 ranges.
• An utility-specific custom Utility-required profile (URP) should specify appropriate IEEE Std 1547-2018 (2nd ed.) performance categories, and• refer to UL1741 and the above-mentioned annex in UL1741-SA without any modifications (re-certification may become necessary), or• specify a subset of the IEEE Std 1547-2018 (2nd ed.) capability requirements such that existing Grid Support Utility Interactive inverters that were already
UL1741-SA (September 2016) certified per the requirements of CA Rule 21 and/or Hawai’ian HECO SRD v1.1 as the SRDs can be used (re-certification would not be required) – ISO NE approach.
• specify utility-specific settings, e.g., for voltage and frequency trip, within the applicable “ranges of allowable settings”.
• Inverter manufacturers may choose to implement URPs by using Manufacturer-automated profiles (MAPs)
• that should be identical to the URP, and if not, • may require additional actual values for settings per installer manual or remote settings (e.g., via a new DER
performance and settings database)
Pre IEEE P1547.1 (2nd ed.) period: Selected tests and verifications in the interim period
1547 / .1 stopgap solution with UL 1741 (SA) for PoC-applicable smaller DER
Inverter• -coupled DER applications shall be compliant with all utility-specific settings defined in utility-required profiles (URPs) and with all applicable parts of IEEE Std 1547-2018 (2nd ed.)
UL• 1741 Standards Technical Panel (STP) will replace UL1741-SA with a reference to IEEE Std 1547.1-20xx (2nd ed.). IEEE Std1547-2018 (2nd ed.) is new Source Requirements Document (SRD).Re• -certification of UL1741-SA (September 2016) certified equipment per IEEE Std 1547.1-20xx (2nd ed.) test and verification procedures and certification via UL1741 will become necessary, based on the applicable IEEE Std 1547-2018 (2nd ed.) performance category.Effective after transition period of [XX] months after IEEE • Std 1547.1-20xx (2nd ed.) is published.
An utility• -specific custom Utility-required profile (URP)should specify appropriate IEEE Std 1547-2018 (2nd ed.) performance categories, and
refer to UL• 1741 and the revised IEEE Std 1547.1-20xx (2nd ed.), andspecify utility• -specific settings, e.g., for voltage and frequency trip, within the “ranges of allowable settings” specified in IEEE Std 1547-2018 (2nd ed.).
Inverter manufacturers • may choose to implement URPs by using Manufacturer-automated profiles (MAPs)
that should be identical to the URP, and if not, •may require additional actual values for settings per installer manual or remote settings (e.g., via a new DER •performance and settings database)
Post IEEE P1547.1 (2nd ed.) period: All tests and verifications, after publication of the revised standard