Terrorism. Definitions of Fundamentalism Fundamentalism: strict adherence to any set of basic ideas and/or principles. Fundamentalism: strict adherence.

TerrorismTerrorism

Definitions of Definitions of FundamentalismFundamentalism FundamentalismFundamentalism: : strict adherence to strict adherence to

any set of basic ideas and/or principles.any set of basic ideas and/or principles.– Islamic/ChristianIslamic/Christian

Militant FundamentalismMilitant Fundamentalism: : strict strict adherence to principles and willing to use adherence to principles and willing to use violence.violence.

Current TerminologyCurrent Terminology

ExtremistExtremist: one who kills : one who kills or is willing to die for or is willing to die for their beliefs; radical.their beliefs; radical.

InsurgentInsurgent: a person who : a person who rises in forcible opposition rises in forcible opposition to lawful authority, a to lawful authority, a person who engages in person who engages in armed resistance to a armed resistance to a government or to the government or to the execution of its laws; execution of its laws; rebel. rebel.

Current Terminology Current Terminology ContinuedContinued DetaineeDetainee: a person held in : a person held in

custody, for a political offense or custody, for a political offense or for questioning. for questioning.

FatwaFatwa: a death sentence.: a death sentence. IntifadaIntifada: a violent uprising.: a violent uprising.

TerrorismTerrorism

Threatens Threatens International SecurityInternational Security

TerrorismTerrorism: the use of : the use of unpredictable violence unpredictable violence against society, in against society, in general, and innocent general, and innocent people, in particular, people, in particular, to express beliefs and to express beliefs and achieve political goalsachieve political goals..

Characteristics of Characteristics of TerrorismTerrorism

1.1. An instrument of the powerless An instrument of the powerless against the powerfulagainst the powerful

- small groups- small groups - usually regional/operating in several - usually regional/operating in several

countries at oncecountries at once2.2. A weapon – IED’sA weapon – IED’s3.3. Favored by extremistsFavored by extremists4.4. UnpredictableUnpredictable5.5. Difficult to determineDifficult to determine

perpetratorsperpetrators

Types of TerrorismTypes of Terrorism

International TerrorismInternational Terrorism: acts of : acts of violence committed by political groups violence committed by political groups outside of their own country.outside of their own country.– Al QaedaAl Qaeda

State-Sponsored TerrorismState-Sponsored Terrorism: acts of : acts of violence encouraged by governments violence encouraged by governments or states for political purposes.or states for political purposes.– KKK, IRAKKK, IRA

4 Types of Tactics4 Types of Tactics

1.1. AssassinationsAssassinations

2.2. BombingsBombings

3.3. HostagesHostages

4.4. Hijackings of Hijackings of

airplanes and shipsairplanes and ships

Al QaedaAl Qaeda

English “The Base”English “The Base” Sunni Islamic MovementSunni Islamic Movement

– Ideology = Islamic FundamentalismIdeology = Islamic Fundamentalism– Founded in 1988 - AfghanistanFounded in 1988 - Afghanistan– U.S. Labeled U.S. Labeled foreign terrorist org. foreign terrorist org.

TacticsTactics– Suicide BombingsSuicide Bombings

Attack civilian and military targetsAttack civilian and military targets Most Notable: 9/11 Terrorist AttacksMost Notable: 9/11 Terrorist Attacks

Leaders: Osama bin Ladin Leaders: Osama bin Ladin Believes killing the innocent justified in Believes killing the innocent justified in

jihadjihad– Jihad: Holy WarJihad: Holy War

Palestinian Liberation Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO)Organization (PLO) Goal = end occupation of Israel & Goal = end occupation of Israel &

freedom for Palestinian Peoplefreedom for Palestinian People– Founded in 1964Founded in 1964

Arab League Arab League PLO sole representative of PLO sole representative of Palestinian PeoplePalestinian People

– Leader was Yasser Arafat over 31 yearsLeader was Yasser Arafat over 31 years President = Mahmoud AbbasPresident = Mahmoud Abbas

– Operating out of West BankOperating out of West Bank

– Palestinian Authority - FatahsPalestinian Authority - Fatahs 19881988

– PLO renounced terrorism PLO renounced terrorism recognized Israel recognized Israel Orgs. split from the PLO Orgs. split from the PLO Hamas, Islamic Jihad Hamas, Islamic Jihad

HamasHamas

English “Islamic Resistance Movement”English “Islamic Resistance Movement” Palestinian Political PartyPalestinian Political Party

– Holds majority in PAHolds majority in PA– Ideology = Palestinian NationalismIdeology = Palestinian Nationalism– Founded in 1987Founded in 1987– U.S. Labeled U.S. Labeled Terrorist Org. Terrorist Org.– Broke off of PLOBroke off of PLO

Operating out of Gaza StripOperating out of Gaza Strip TacticsTactics

– Suicide bombings Suicide bombings on Israelis on Israelis Leaders Leaders Khaled Mashaal, Ismail Khaled Mashaal, Ismail

Haniyah, Mahmoud ZaharHaniyah, Mahmoud Zahar

Islamic JihadIslamic Jihad

Islamic JihadIslamic Jihad– Ideology = Palestinian Militant GroupIdeology = Palestinian Militant Group– Founded in 1987Founded in 1987– Goal = Destroy IsraelGoal = Destroy Israel– U.S. Labeled = Terrorist Org.U.S. Labeled = Terrorist Org.– Broke off of PLOBroke off of PLO

TacticsTactics– Suicide bombingsSuicide bombings– Militant attacksMilitant attacks

Leader: Ramadan Abdullah Mohammed Leader: Ramadan Abdullah Mohammed ShallahShallah

IsraelIsrael

HezbollahHezbollah

English “Party of God”English “Party of God” Shiite Islamic Political & Paramilitary Org.Shiite Islamic Political & Paramilitary Org.

– Ideology = Islamic FundamentalismIdeology = Islamic Fundamentalism– Founded in 1982Founded in 1982

Response to Israeli invasion of LebanonResponse to Israeli invasion of Lebanon

– U.S. Labeled U.S. Labeled Terrorist Org. Terrorist Org.– Operates out of Lebanon, Syria & IranOperates out of Lebanon, Syria & Iran

TacticsTactics– Militia AttacksMilitia Attacks– 2006 War with Israel in Lebanon2006 War with Israel in Lebanon

Leader: Hassan NasrallahLeader: Hassan Nasrallah

PKKPKK

Kurdistan Workers’ PartyKurdistan Workers’ Party Militant Org.Militant Org.

– Ideology = Kurdish NationalismIdeology = Kurdish Nationalism– Founded in 1978Founded in 1978– U.S. Labeled U.S. Labeled Terrorist Org. Terrorist Org.

Operates in Iraq, Iran, Turkey, SyriaOperates in Iraq, Iran, Turkey, Syria

GoalsGoals– Rights for Kurds in TurkeyRights for Kurds in Turkey– Wants own CountryWants own Country

U.S. gave them a flagU.S. gave them a flag

Leader = Murat KarayilanLeader = Murat Karayilan

Kurdish AreasKurdish Areas