Terms of the Articles Government 13 sovereign states 13 sovereign states Congress (each state has one vote and all 13 states must vote alike to ratify.

Terms of the Articles GovernmentTerms of the Articles Government

13 sovereign states13 sovereign states Congress (each state has one vote and all Congress (each state has one vote and all

13 states must vote alike to ratify anything)13 states must vote alike to ratify anything) Congress has only one houseCongress has only one house No President or national leaderNo President or national leader No national taxationNo national taxation No draft (states must volunteer to send No draft (states must volunteer to send

troops)troops) No control over foreign commerceNo control over foreign commerce

Two Successes of Articles Two Successes of Articles GovernmentGovernment

Land Ordinance of 1785: surveyed Land Ordinance of 1785: surveyed Northwest territory and divided it into Northwest territory and divided it into townships (a township=36 square miles)townships (a township=36 square miles)

Northwest Ordinance (1787):created new Northwest Ordinance (1787):created new states in the Northwest Territory- Ohio, states in the Northwest Territory- Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin-also Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin-also set requirements for statehood (1. 5,000 set requirements for statehood (1. 5,000 free male voters and 2. 60,000 people free male voters and 2. 60,000 people living in the territory)living in the territory)

Both of these ordinances were the ideas of Both of these ordinances were the ideas of Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson

Problems with the Articles of Problems with the Articles of ConfederationConfederation

1.1. Trade: trade was not regulated by the national Trade: trade was not regulated by the national governmentgovernment

2.2. Economic depression (1784-87): new government Economic depression (1784-87): new government had a debt from the war which caused inflationhad a debt from the war which caused inflation

3.3. War Debt: owed $ 34 million debt and War Debt: owed $ 34 million debt and Confederation government was powerless to deal Confederation government was powerless to deal with itwith it

4.4. Taxes: state governments raised taxes to attempt to Taxes: state governments raised taxes to attempt to pay the debt which became unpopularpay the debt which became unpopular

5.5. Shays Rebellion: Daniel Shays was a Massachusetts Shays Rebellion: Daniel Shays was a Massachusetts farmer who could not pay his taxes and the local farmer who could not pay his taxes and the local government tried to take his farm = a farmer’s government tried to take his farm = a farmer’s rebellion that attempted to overthrow the Mass. rebellion that attempted to overthrow the Mass. Government – this event showed how powerless the Government – this event showed how powerless the national government was in dealing with threats to national government was in dealing with threats to the new government.the new government.

FLASHBACKFLASHBACK

1. All of the following were terms of 1. All of the following were terms of the Articles of Confederation the Articles of Confederation government government exceptexcept

A.A. congress has only one housecongress has only one house

B.B. no national taxationno national taxation

C.C. one national leader or presidentone national leader or president

D.D. no draftno draft

FLASHBACKFLASHBACK

2. What did the Shays Rebellion illustrate 2. What did the Shays Rebellion illustrate about the Articles of Confederation about the Articles of Confederation government?government?

A.A. it showed Americans that the new government it showed Americans that the new government was strongwas strong

B.B. it showed how President Washington could it showed how President Washington could deal with problems arising in statesdeal with problems arising in states

C.C. it showed Americans that the new government it showed Americans that the new government was too weak to deal with serious problemswas too weak to deal with serious problems

D.D. it showed how Americans were not going to it showed how Americans were not going to pay excessive taxes on alcoholpay excessive taxes on alcohol

FLASHBACKFLASHBACK

3. From where does the government 3. From where does the government derive its power in a democracy?derive its power in a democracy?

A.A.The peopleThe people

B.B.Political maneuveringPolitical maneuvering

C.C.DecreeDecree

D.D.Military conquestMilitary conquest

The Constitutional The Constitutional ConventionConvention

Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania

September 17, 1787September 17, 1787

The U.S. ConstitutionThe U.S. Constitution

•Preamble•7 Articles (Article 1-3 establish the three branches of government-Legislative, Executive, and Judicial•Bill of Rights (Amendments 1-10)•Amendments 11-27

Constitutional ConventionConstitutional Convention 55 men met in Philadelphia to revise the 55 men met in Philadelphia to revise the

Articles of Confederation government Articles of Confederation government (eventually they decide to throw it out (eventually they decide to throw it out and start the government over)and start the government over)

These men became known as the These men became known as the “Founding Fathers” with James Madison “Founding Fathers” with James Madison as the “Father of the U.S. Constitution”as the “Father of the U.S. Constitution”

John Adams and Thomas Jefferson were John Adams and Thomas Jefferson were not present because of their not present because of their assignments in Franceassignments in France

42 men were present on the final day, 42 men were present on the final day, but only 39 actually signed the but only 39 actually signed the document document (George Mason, Edmond Randolph, & (George Mason, Edmond Randolph, & Elbridge Gerry did not sign.)Elbridge Gerry did not sign.)

Independence Hall – Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

The Constitution ConventionThe Constitution Convention

Inside Independence HallInside Independence Hall

The Liberty BellThe Liberty Bell

The happy Union of these States is a wonder; their Constitution a miracle; their example the hope of Liberty throughout the world.-James Madison

ReviewReview

All of the following are parts of the All of the following are parts of the U.S. Constitution U.S. Constitution exceptexcept::

A.A. PreamblePreamble

B.B. Articles of ConfederationArticles of Confederation

C.C. Bill of RightsBill of Rights

D.D. Articles 1-7Articles 1-7

REVIEWREVIEW

The “Father of the U.S. The “Father of the U.S. Constitution” wasConstitution” was

A.A. George WashingtonGeorge Washington

B.B. John AdamsJohn Adams

C.C. Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson

D.D. James MadisonJames Madison

REVIEWREVIEW

Who has the final decision on Who has the final decision on interpreting the meaning of the U.S. interpreting the meaning of the U.S. Constitution?Constitution?

A.A. The PresidentThe President

B.B. CongressCongress

C.C. Supreme CourtSupreme Court

D.D. Each state Each state

Why and how did our Founders Why and how did our Founders come up with this stuff?come up with this stuff?

The“VirtuousRepublic”

The“VirtuousRepublic”

Classical view of

a model republic

Classical view of

a model republic

“City on a hill”

[John W

inthrop]

“City on a hill”

[John W

inthrop]Ideal citizen

[Cincinnatus]

Ideal citizen

[Cincinnatus]

1. Govt. gets its authority from the citizens.

2. A selfless, educated citizenry.

3. Elections should be frequent.

4. Govt. should guarantee individual rights & freedoms.

5. Govt.’s power should be limited [checks & balances].

6. The need for a written Constitution.

7. “E Pluribus Unum.” [“Out of many, one”]

8. An important role for women raise good, virtuous citizens.[“Republican Womanhood”].

Enlightenment

Thinking

Enlightenment

Thinking

The Founding Fathers Ideas Behind the Constitution

FlashbackFlashback

John Winthrop’s “city on a hill” John Winthrop’s “city on a hill” referred toreferred toA.A. EnglandEngland

B.B. AmericaAmerica

C.C. New YorkNew York

D.D. FranceFrance

FlashbackFlashback

Enlightenment thinkers who had a Enlightenment thinkers who had a great impact on our Founders great impact on our Founders includedincludedA.A. John Locke & MontesquieuJohn Locke & Montesquieu

B.B. Karl Marx & Josef EngleKarl Marx & Josef Engle

C.C. John Locke & Karl MarxJohn Locke & Karl Marx

D.D. Josef Engle & MontesquieuJosef Engle & Montesquieu

FlashbackFlashback

The Founders developed the U.S. The Founders developed the U.S. Constitution to include all of the Constitution to include all of the following shared ideas EXCEPTfollowing shared ideas EXCEPT

A. guaranteed individual rightsA. guaranteed individual rights

B. government’s power is from GodB. government’s power is from God

C. educated citizensC. educated citizens

D. limits set on government’s powersD. limits set on government’s powers

Proposals for a Legislative Branch: Proposals for a Legislative Branch: The GREAT COMPROMISEThe GREAT COMPROMISE

Connecticut PlanConnecticut Plan: was a compromise of the : was a compromise of the Virginia Plan and New Jersey Plan – a Upper Virginia Plan and New Jersey Plan – a Upper House called the Senate (representation House called the Senate (representation would be equal) and a Lower House called would be equal) and a Lower House called the House of Representatives the House of Representatives (representation based on population)(representation based on population)

Executive CompromiseExecutive Compromise

They decided to have They decided to have an executive an executive branch/national leader branch/national leader who would be titled who would be titled “President”“President”

Agreed to a 4-year Agreed to a 4-year term for Presidentterm for President

No term limitNo term limit President’s greatest President’s greatest

power= Commander power= Commander in Chief of all U.S. in Chief of all U.S. military forcesmilitary forces

First President George Washington

Judicial SystemJudicial System Create a Supreme Create a Supreme

CourtCourt John Jay was John Jay was

appointed the first appointed the first Chief Justice of the Chief Justice of the Supreme CourtSupreme Court

The Supreme Court The Supreme Court would have the final would have the final decision on decision on interpreting the interpreting the meaning of the meaning of the ConstitutionConstitution

First Supreme Court Chief Justice John Jay

Compromises Made During the Compromises Made During the Constitutional ConventionConstitutional Convention

Commerce Commerce CompromiseCompromise: no taxes : no taxes on exportson exports

Slave Trade Slave Trade CompromiseCompromise: many : many northerners thought northerners thought slavery had gone on slavery had gone on long enough and long enough and wanted it ended but wanted it ended but southerners disagreed southerners disagreed and threatened to leave and threatened to leave the convention (the the convention (the compromise was that compromise was that the slave trade would the slave trade would end in 20 years)end in 20 years)

3/5 Compromise3/5 Compromise: used : used to determine the to determine the number of number of representatives in the representatives in the House of House of Representatives (5 Representatives (5 slaves = 3 whites)slaves = 3 whites)

Painting of a slave auction

REVIEWREVIEW The Connecticut Plan formed our current The Connecticut Plan formed our current

legislative system during the Constitutional legislative system during the Constitutional Convention. This legislative branch today can be Convention. This legislative branch today can be summarized in the following way:summarized in the following way:

A.A. A Lower House (representatives elected by A Lower House (representatives elected by population) and an Upper House (representatives population) and an Upper House (representatives elected by lower house)elected by lower house)

B.B. One house and each state has one representativeOne house and each state has one representativeC.C. An Upper House called the Senate An Upper House called the Senate

(representation would be equal) and a Lower (representation would be equal) and a Lower House called the House of Representatives House called the House of Representatives (representation based on population)(representation based on population)

D.D. A legislative body controlled and dictated by the A legislative body controlled and dictated by the PresidentPresident

REVIEWREVIEW

What was the purpose of the 3/5 What was the purpose of the 3/5 Compromise?Compromise?

A.A. to determine which states are to be free and to determine which states are to be free and slaveslave

B.B. to determine how many runaway slaves must to determine how many runaway slaves must be returned to the southbe returned to the south

C.C. to determine how to count slaves in the to determine how to count slaves in the census when calculating population for census when calculating population for representativesrepresentatives

D.D. to determine how many years the slave trade to determine how many years the slave trade would continue in the United Stateswould continue in the United States

ReviewReview

Which document specifically gives Which document specifically gives U.S. citizens the right to directly U.S. citizens the right to directly elect U.S. Senators?elect U.S. Senators?

A.A. U.S. ConstitutionU.S. Constitution

B.B. U.N. CharterU.N. Charter

C.C. U.N. Universal Declaration of U.N. Universal Declaration of Human RightsHuman Rights

D.D. Declaration of the Rights of ManDeclaration of the Rights of Man

Opposing Groups at the Opposing Groups at the Constitutional ConventionConstitutional Convention

The Two groups The Two groups that opposed each that opposed each other during the other during the Constitutional Constitutional Convention were Convention were the the FederalistsFederalists and and Anti-FederalistsAnti-Federalists

Some argued there Some argued there needed to be a bill needed to be a bill of rights to protect of rights to protect citizens.citizens.

FederalistsFederalists

They supported the They supported the Constitution at the Constitution at the conventionconvention

This group tended to be This group tended to be well-educatedwell-educated

John Jay, James Madison, John Jay, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton and Alexander Hamilton wrote the Federalist wrote the Federalist Papers (85 Papers (85 articles/writings that articles/writings that promoted the acceptance promoted the acceptance of the Constitution)of the Constitution)

James Madison

Anti-FederalistsAnti-Federalists They opposed the They opposed the

Constitution at the Constitution at the conventionconvention

They feared that it They feared that it would lead to a big would lead to a big federal government federal government that would be too that would be too powerful and possibly powerful and possibly tyrannicaltyrannical

Many of the Anti-Many of the Anti-Federalists were Federalists were uneducated (Jefferson uneducated (Jefferson was an exception)was an exception)

Thomas Jefferson

The Federalist PapersThe Federalist Papers Federalist Papers #10 and #51 are most Federalist Papers #10 and #51 are most

popularly read.popularly read. Federalist Paper #10 makes the argument Federalist Paper #10 makes the argument

against factions or groups of citizens who against factions or groups of citizens who may use their power or majority influence may use their power or majority influence to control the government. Madison to control the government. Madison argued a big, strong, central republic argued a big, strong, central republic would better protect against factions over would better protect against factions over many smaller republics (states).many smaller republics (states).

Scholars use #10 to make the argument Scholars use #10 to make the argument the Founders did not want political parties.the Founders did not want political parties.

The Federalist PapersThe Federalist Papers

Federalist Paper #51 makes the Federalist Paper #51 makes the argument for a separation of powers argument for a separation of powers in the republic which leads to the in the republic which leads to the idea of the three branches of idea of the three branches of government to check and balance government to check and balance power and protect the rights of all power and protect the rights of all citizens.citizens.

FlashbackFlashback






FlashbackFlashback

What was the reasoning behind the Anti-What was the reasoning behind the Anti-Federalists’ objection to the Constitution?Federalists’ objection to the Constitution?

A.A. most were uneducated and just didn’t most were uneducated and just didn’t know any betterknow any better

B.B. they disliked Washington and did not they disliked Washington and did not want him to be Presidentwant him to be President

C.C. they feared the government would be too they feared the government would be too powerfulpowerful

D.D. they wanted to return to the country to they wanted to return to the country to the British empirethe British empire

FlashbackFlashback

All of the following “Founding All of the following “Founding Fathers” were considered Fathers” were considered Federalists and wrote Federalists and wrote The Federalist The Federalist PapersPapers exceptexcept::

A.A. James MadisonJames Madison

B.B. Alexander HamiltonAlexander Hamilton

C.C. John JayJohn Jay

D.D. Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson

The Bill of RightsThe Bill of Rights

17911791 First 10 Amendments to the First 10 Amendments to the

Constitution.Constitution. Establishes fundamental rights of Establishes fundamental rights of

Americans.Americans.

11stst Amendment Amendment

Congress shall make no law Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or freedom of speech, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of Government for a redress of grievances.grievances.

22ndnd Amendment Amendment

A well regulated Militia, being A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

33rdrd Amendment Amendment

No Soldier shall, in time of peace be No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.prescribed by law.

44thth Amendment Amendment

The right of the people to be secure in The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.persons or things to be seized.


No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb, nor shall be compelled in any criminal life or limb, nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.for public use, without just compensation.


In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the enjoy the right to a speedy and public trialright to a speedy and public trial, , by an impartial jury of the State and district by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been wherein the crime shall have been committed; which district shall have been committed; which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his and to have the assistance of counsel for his defence.defence.


In Suits In Suits at common law, shall be at common law, shall be where the value in controversy shall where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jurytrial by jurypreserved, and no fact preserved, and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of States, than according to the rules of the common law.the common law.


Excessive bail shall not be requiredExcessive bail shall not be required, , nor nor excessive fines excessive fines imposed, imposed, nor nor cruel and unusual punishments cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.inflicted.


The enumeration in the Constitution The enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights shall not be of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. others retained by the people. (people have other rights not (people have other rights not mentioned specifically in the mentioned specifically in the Constitution)Constitution)


The powers not delegated to the The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. or to the people. (powers not (powers not mentioned in the Constitution are mentioned in the Constitution are reserved for states to exercise)reserved for states to exercise)

Two Political Parties Later EmergeTwo Political Parties Later Emerge

Hamiltonians Hamiltonians (followers of (followers of Alexander Hamilton)Alexander Hamilton)

Believed in strong Believed in strong central government, central government, feared anarchy, feared anarchy, believed people were believed people were bad, loose bad, loose interpretation of interpretation of Constitution, against Constitution, against expansion, and anti-expansion, and anti-FrenchFrench

They later become the They later become the Federalist Party (later Federalist Party (later become Republicans)become Republicans)

Jeffersonians (followers Jeffersonians (followers of Thomas Jefferson)of Thomas Jefferson)

Believed in a weak Believed in a weak central government, central government, feared tyranny, feared tyranny, believed all people are believed all people are basically good, strict basically good, strict interpretation of the interpretation of the Constitution, Constitution, supported expansion, supported expansion, and pro-Frenchand pro-French

They later become the They later become the Democratic-Republican Democratic-Republican Party (later become Party (later become Democrats)Democrats)

Evolution of Major PartiesEvolution of Major PartiesHamiltonians Jeffersonians

Federalists Democratic-Republicans

Republicans(only 1 party during theEra of Good Feelings -1820)

National Republicans Democratic-Republicans(Jacksonian Democrats)

Whigs

Republicans

Democrats

1792

1820

1825

1834

1854

ReviewReview






REVIEWREVIEW






REVIEWREVIEW The Connecticut Plan formed our current The Connecticut Plan formed our current

legislative system during the Constitutional legislative system during the Constitutional Convention. This legislative branch today can be Convention. This legislative branch today can be summarized in the following way:summarized in the following way:

A.A. A Lower House (representatives elected by A Lower House (representatives elected by population) and an Upper House (representatives population) and an Upper House (representatives elected by lower house)elected by lower house)

B.B. One house and each state has one representativeOne house and each state has one representativeC.C. An Upper House called the Senate An Upper House called the Senate

(representation would be equal) and a Lower (representation would be equal) and a Lower House called the House of Representatives House called the House of Representatives (representation based on population)(representation based on population)

D.D. A legislative body controlled and dictated by the A legislative body controlled and dictated by the PresidentPresident

REVIEWREVIEW






REVIEWREVIEW

What was the purpose of the 3/5 What was the purpose of the 3/5 Compromise?Compromise?

A.A. to determine which states are to be free and to determine which states are to be free and slaveslave

B.B. to determine how many runaway slaves must to determine how many runaway slaves must be returned to the southbe returned to the south

C.C. to determine how to count slaves in the to determine how to count slaves in the census when calculating population for census when calculating population for representativesrepresentatives

D.D. to determine how many years the slave trade to determine how many years the slave trade would continue in the United Stateswould continue in the United States

REVIEWREVIEW

. All of the following “Founding . All of the following “Founding Fathers” were considered Fathers” were considered Federalists and wrote Federalists and wrote The Federalist The Federalist PapersPapers exceptexcept::

A.A. James MadisonJames Madison

B.B. Alexander HamiltonAlexander Hamilton

C.C. John JayJohn Jay

D.D. Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson

REVIEWREVIEW






Governmental Response to Governmental Response to Societal Problems in a DemocracySocietal Problems in a Democracy

The public school system is based on The public school system is based on the idea that:the idea that:

A.A. Government should exercise strict Government should exercise strict control over the lives of childrencontrol over the lives of children

B.B. Children need to be closely monitored Children need to be closely monitored to keep them out of troubleto keep them out of trouble

C.C. The people have a right to a basic The people have a right to a basic educationeducation

D.D. Creating a public school would Creating a public school would jumpstart the economyjumpstart the economy

Sources of Rights and Liberties in a Sources of Rights and Liberties in a DemocracyDemocracy

Which document specifically gives Which document specifically gives U.S. citizens the right to directly U.S. citizens the right to directly elect U.S. Senators?elect U.S. Senators?

A.A. U.S. ConstitutionU.S. Constitution

B.B. U.N. CharterU.N. Charter

C.C. U.N. Universal Declaration of U.N. Universal Declaration of Human RightsHuman Rights

D.D. Declaration of the Rights of ManDeclaration of the Rights of Man

Understanding How Democratic Governments are Understanding How Democratic Governments are Different from Monarchies and DictatorshipsDifferent from Monarchies and Dictatorships

1.1. Democratic governments draw their power Democratic governments draw their power from the people.from the people.

2.2. Monarchies derive their power from decree, Monarchies derive their power from decree, usually involving the right to power based on usually involving the right to power based on heredity.heredity.

3.3. Dictatorships generally take their power by Dictatorships generally take their power by force.force.

4.4. Democratic organizations exist to preserve Democratic organizations exist to preserve and protect the rights and liberties of their and protect the rights and liberties of their constituents.constituents.

5.5. When the people of a democracy experience When the people of a democracy experience particular societal problems, the government particular societal problems, the government may respond with an appropriate program, if may respond with an appropriate program, if such a response in the will of the people.such a response in the will of the people.

Argumentative Essay ExerciseArgumentative Essay Exercise

After researching democratic governments, After researching democratic governments, monarchies, and dictatorships, write an monarchies, and dictatorships, write an argumentative essay in which you compare argumentative essay in which you compare where the power comes from in each type where the power comes from in each type of government and whether or not you feel of government and whether or not you feel the claim is valid and argue which type of the claim is valid and argue which type of government you think would most likely be government you think would most likely be the longest-lasting and provide the most the longest-lasting and provide the most stability for people and society. Support stability for people and society. Support your position with evidence/examples from your position with evidence/examples from your research.your research.

Democratic Government Democratic Government ReviewReview

Argumentative Writing:Argumentative Writing: Three forms of the most common Three forms of the most common

governments are democracy, monarchy, governments are democracy, monarchy, and dictatorship.and dictatorship.

A.A. Explain where each form of government Explain where each form of government derives its power, and whether or not you derives its power, and whether or not you feel that claim is valid.feel that claim is valid.

B.B. Develop an argument as to which form of Develop an argument as to which form of government is most likely to be longest-government is most likely to be longest-lasting, and why. Support your claims with lasting, and why. Support your claims with evidence/examples.evidence/examples.


The primary difference between a The primary difference between a PAC and a SIG is:PAC and a SIG is:

A.A. Which candidates are supportedWhich candidates are supported

B.B. Who their members areWho their members are

C.C. Who donates to themWho donates to them

D.D. Why they are formedWhy they are formed


Which of the following defines a Which of the following defines a member of a political party?member of a political party?

A.A. TeamsterTeamster

B.B. LibertarianLibertarian

C.C. NOW/PAC ChairwomanNOW/PAC Chairwoman

D.D. OctogenarianOctogenarian


The U.S. Constitution specifically The U.S. Constitution specifically gives the right to vote to all gives the right to vote to all BUTBUT which group of people?which group of people?

A.A. Former slavesFormer slaves

B.B. 18-year-olds18-year-olds

C.C. ImmigrantsImmigrants

D.D. WomenWomen


Which type of organization selects Which type of organization selects candidates to run for public office?candidates to run for public office?

A.A. Political punditsPolitical pundits

B.B. Political partiesPolitical parties

C.C. Special interest groupsSpecial interest groups

D.D. Political action committeesPolitical action committees


The Universal Declaration of Human The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is intended to apply to:Rights is intended to apply to:

A.A. The United StatesThe United States

B.B. FranceFrance

C.C. All people of the worldAll people of the world

D.D. Only democratic nationsOnly democratic nations


From where does the U.S. From where does the U.S. government derive the authority to government derive the authority to provide public programs designed to provide public programs designed to feed and clothe the underprivileged?feed and clothe the underprivileged?

A.A. The wants and needs of the peopleThe wants and needs of the peopleB.B. The Second AmendmentThe Second AmendmentC.C. The Eighth AmendmentThe Eighth AmendmentD.D. The U.S. government does NOT have The U.S. government does NOT have

this authoritythis authority

The “Common Good”The “Common Good”

Legislative

Executive Judicial

Local Government

City Council

Mayor City Court

State Government

State Legislature (KY House of Representatives and Senate)

Governor State Court System (District Court, Circuit Court, Court of Appeals, KY Supreme Court)

Federal Government

U.S. Congress

President U.S. Court System (including Supreme Court)

The powers of government are distributed and shared among levels and branches to reflect what is known as the common good (the good of the people)

The “Common Good”The “Common Good”Government BodyGovernment Body ““Common Good” Common Good”

FunctionFunctionCity CouncilCity CouncilState LegislatureState LegislatureU.S. CongressU.S. Congress

Legislates on behalf of community Legislates on behalf of community residentsresidentsLegislates on behalf of all residents Legislates on behalf of all residents of the stateof the stateLegislates on behalf of all U.S. Legislates on behalf of all U.S. citizenscitizens

MayorMayorGovernorGovernorPresidentPresident

Represents the people as a Represents the people as a communitycommunityRepresents the people as a Represents the people as a collection of communitiescollection of communitiesRepresents the people as a nationRepresents the people as a nation

City CourtCity CourtState CourtState CourtFederal CourtFederal Court

Acts on behalf of the citizens of the Acts on behalf of the citizens of the community when interpreting local law community when interpreting local law and the city charterand the city charterActs on behalf of the state citizens Acts on behalf of the state citizens when interpreting the laws of the state when interpreting the laws of the state and state constitutionand state constitutionActs on behalf of the people as a whole Acts on behalf of the people as a whole when it interprets the U.S. Constitutionwhen it interprets the U.S. Constitution


The mayor holds what post?The mayor holds what post?

A.A. Local executiveLocal executive

B.B. State executiveState executive

C.C. Federal legislativeFederal legislative

D.D. Local legislativeLocal legislative


Which government body acts on Which government body acts on behalf of the citizens of Kentucky behalf of the citizens of Kentucky when interpreting the law?when interpreting the law?

A.A. City councilCity council

B.B. State legislatureState legislature

C.C. Federal court systemFederal court system

D.D. State court systemState court system


When government works for the When government works for the common good, it works for:common good, it works for:

A.A. A larger, more thorough A larger, more thorough governmentgovernment

B.B. The will of elected leadersThe will of elected leaders

C.C. The good of the publicThe good of the public

D.D. Smaller governmentSmaller government

The “Common Good”The “Common Good”Critical Thinking/Higher Order QuestioningCritical Thinking/Higher Order Questioning

Of the nine offices listed in this Of the nine offices listed in this lesson, which do you think is most lesson, which do you think is most responsible for operating for the responsible for operating for the common good? Give three examples common good? Give three examples of what the particular person or body of what the particular person or body does, noting how each relates back does, noting how each relates back to the common good.to the common good.

Principles of Limited GovernmentPrinciples of Limited Government Limited GovernmentLimited Government: the idea that government power : the idea that government power

should not be absolute, and no individual shall be able to should not be absolute, and no individual shall be able to overrule all others.overrule all others.

Rule of LawRule of Law: the idea that government decisions are made : the idea that government decisions are made according to codified (written) laws and rules, that according to codified (written) laws and rules, that government sanctions cannot be made ex post facto (after government sanctions cannot be made ex post facto (after the fact), and that rules and laws are applied equally to all.the fact), and that rules and laws are applied equally to all.

VerdictsVerdicts: legal determinations in a court of law: legal determinations in a court of law FederalismFederalism: the sharing of power between the states and : the sharing of power between the states and

the national (federal) governmentthe national (federal) government Checks and BalancesChecks and Balances: each branch of government : each branch of government

prevents any one branch from becoming too powerful prevents any one branch from becoming too powerful (“check” the actions of another and “balance” the power (“check” the actions of another and “balance” the power among the branches)among the branches)

VetoVeto: the executive branch’s power to prevent the : the executive branch’s power to prevent the legislative branch from enacting a law (however the legislative branch from enacting a law (however the legislative branch can override the veto with a 2/3 vote by legislative branch can override the veto with a 2/3 vote by the legislature)the legislature)

Majority RuleMajority Rule: in a vote, the majority opinion is victorious: in a vote, the majority opinion is victorious Protection of Minority RightsProtection of Minority Rights: any minority (not just race : any minority (not just race

or religion), including a single dissenting voice, may be or religion), including a single dissenting voice, may be heardheard

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Which branch of government makes Which branch of government makes laws, approves treaties, and laws, approves treaties, and establishes a budget for the establishes a budget for the government?government?

A. Judicial BranchA. Judicial Branch B. Executive BranchB. Executive Branch C. Legislative BranchC. Legislative Branch D. The PeopleD. The People

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The Executive Branch includes all of The Executive Branch includes all of the following the following EXCEPTEXCEPT::

A. The PresidentA. The President B. the power to veto billsB. the power to veto bills C. Cabinet members and high C. Cabinet members and high

ranking officials in departmentsranking officials in departments D. the power to make and interpret D. the power to make and interpret

laws.laws.

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Terms of the Articles Government 13 sovereign states 13 sovereign states Congress (each state has one vote and all 13 states must vote alike to ratify.

Documents

new government

branches of government

local government

government overthese

new states

articles of confederationtrade

inflationwar debt

houseno president