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9/14/2016
1
Terms
Acacia (Golden Wattle)(Acacia pycnantha)
• Description:– Phyllodes: modified petioles
(parallel veins)
– Evergreen
• Fruit:– Legume
• Flower:– Yellow
• Location:– Non‐native
– Originated in Australia
• Chemical:– Tannins
• Uses:– Perfume
• Family:– Fabaceae (Pea family)
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Bladderpod(Isomeris arborea)
• Description
– Compound leaves with 3 leaflets
– Leaves alternate
– Evergreen
• Fruit:
– Capsule
• Flower:
– Yellow
• Location:
– Native
– Endemic to Southern California
– Found in coastal sage scrub (CSS) and desert habitats in Southern California
• Chemical:
– Strong odor to reduce predation
• Uses:
– None
• Family:
– Capparaceae
Brazilian Pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius)
• Description:– Pinnately compound leaves
– Leaves alternate
– Evergreen
• Fruit: – Drupe
• Flower: – Small white
• Location: – Non‐native (invasive)
– Originated in tropical and subtropical South America
• Chemical:– Aromatic sap that may burn
– May act as a narcotic on birds who eat berries
• Uses:– Ornamental
• Family:– Anacardiaceae (Sumac family)
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Black Sage (Salvia mellifera)
• Description:– Simple leaves with small hairs
– Drought Deciduous
• Fruit: – Schizocarp
• Flower: – Blue or lavender in stacked
balls
• Location:– Native
– Coastal sage scrub (CSS) and chaparral habitats
• Chemical:– Diterpenoids used as pain
relievers
• Uses:– Rub on sore feet
– Chumash brewed as sun tea
– Nectar used to make honey
• Family:– Lamiaceae (Mint family)
Bulrush(Schoenoplectus californicus)
• Description– Triangular leaf
– Sedge‐like
• Fruit: – Grain
• Flower: – Brown or tan panicle
inflorescence
• Location: – Native
– Indicator of freshwater in North and South America
• Chemical:– None
• Uses:– Used by Native Americans to
make baskets, rope, canoes
• Family:– Cyperaceae
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California Blackberry (Rubus ursinus)
• Description– Leaves usually have 3 leaflets
but sometimes 5 or only 1– Branches with prickles– Usually Deciduous
• Fruit: – Aggregate fruit made up of
numerous duplets
• Flower: – White with narrow petals
• Location: – Native– Common in moist and shaded
shrublands, streamsides, disturbed areas, and canyons
– Western U.S.
• Chemical:– None
• Uses:– Used by Native Americans as a
food
• Family:– Rosaceae (Rose family)
California Buckeye (Aesculus californica)
• Description– Palmately Compound with
five leaflets
– Deciduous
• Fruit: – Capsule
• Flower: – Large white to pink
• Location: – Native to northern California
– Only buckeye species endemic to California
• Chemical:– Neurotoxic glycoside aesculin,
which causes hemolysis of red blood cells.
• Uses:– Used by Native Americans to
kill fish
– Toxic to honeybees
• Family:– Sapindaceae
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California Buckwheat (Eriogonum fasciculatum)
• Description:– Leaves in clusters
– Evergreen
• Fruit:
– Grain
• Flower: – White or brown clusters
• Location:
– Native
– Coastal sage scrub and chaparral habitats
• Chemical:– None
• Uses:– Treatment of headache,
diarrhea, and wounds
– Good for heart
– Erosion control
– Source of food for honeybees in summer months
• Family:– Polygonaceae
California Redbud (Cercis occidentalis)
• Description:– Simple heart‐shaped leaves
– Deciduous
• Fruit: – Legume
• Flower:
– Large Pink or red
• Location:
– Native
– Chaparral habitats in western United States
• Chemical:– None
• Uses:– Wood Veneer
– Erosion control
– Red bark used for baskets
• Family:– Fabeaceae (Pea family)
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California Sagebrush (Artemisia californica)
• Description– Slender flexible stems with
thin pinnate leaves
– Evergreen
• Fruit: – Achene
• Flower: – Narrow inflorescence which
are yellowish
• Location: – Native
– Coastal sage scrub and chaparral habitats
• Chemical:– Terpenes to reduce
competition and predation
• Uses:– Erosion control
– Reduce digestive issues
• Family:– Asteraceae (Sunflower family)
Caster Bean(Ricinus communis)
• Description:– Palmate alternate Leaves
– Evergreen
• Fruit: – Spiny capsule (not a true
bean)
• Flower: – Panicle‐like inflorescence
which are reddish in color
• Location: – Non‐native (invasive)
– Originally from Asia and Africa
• Chemical:– Ricin (deadly)
• Uses:– Source of Caster Oil used for
digestive cleansing
– lubricant
• Family:– Euphorbiaceae
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Catalina Cherry(Prunus ilicifolia)
• Description:– Simple toothed alternating
leaves (vary)
– Evergreen
• Fruit: – Drupe with large pit
• Flower: – Small white
• Location: – Native
– California chaparral
• Chemical:– Tannins
• Uses:– Native Americans made a
fermented drink
• Family:– Rosaceae (Rose Family)
Catalina Ironwood(Lyonothamnus floribundus)
• Description:– Compound Leaves (fernlike)
– Evergreen
• Fruit: – Capsule
• Flower: – Cream colored
• Location: – Native
– Endemic to Catalina Island
• Chemical:– None
• Uses:– Ornamental but seeds not
very viable
• Family:– Rosaceae (Rose family)
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Cattail(Typha sp.)
• Description– Flat simple leaf
– Evergreen
• Fruit: – Nut
• Flower: – Dense Brown Spike (wind
dispersed)
• Location: – Native
– Indicator of fresh water in Northern Hemisphere
• Chemical:– None
• Uses:– Rhizomes are edible
– Leaves can be woven in to baskets or braided into rope
• Family:– Typhaceae
Ceonothus (Mt. Lilac)(Ceonothus sp.)
• Description:– Simple leaf with three
prominent veins
– Evergreen
• Fruit: – Capsule
• Flower: – Blue
• Location: – Native
– California chaparral
• Chemical:– None
• Uses:– Eaten by Deer
– Used for teas
– Baskets
• Family:– Rhamnaceae
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Coast Live Oak(Quercus agrifolia)
• Description:– Simple convex leaves with
dentate margins
– Hairs in axils in leaves
– Evergreen
– No undergrowth due to shade and Tannins
• Fruit: – Nut
• Flower: – Catkins
• Location:– Native
– Oak woodlands, chaparral and CSS habitats
• Chemical:– Tannins
• Uses:– Food
– Charcoal
• Family:– Fagaceae
Coffee Berry(Rhamnus californica)
• Description:– Simple, reddish bark on stems
– Evergreen
• Fruit: – Drupe
• Flower: – Greenish
• Location:– Native
– Southwestern United States, Chaparral
• Chemical:– none
• Uses:– Ornamental not as well liked
by deer
– Erosion control
– Heal burns and rashes
– Used as laxative
• Family: – Rhamnaceae
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Coyote Bush(Baccharis pilularis)
• Description– Simple leaves that are often
sticky– Various shapes determined
by location– Large root system
• Fruit: – Achenes
• Flower: – Small white or yellow
• Location:– Native– CSS and chaparral habitats in
western United States
• Chemical:– Oils to prevent predation
• Uses:– Secondary pioneer plant
• Family:– Asteraceae (Sunflower family)
Crepe Myrtle(Lagerstroemia sp.)
• Description– Simple leaves that are opposite– Entire Margins – Deciduous
• Fruit: – Capsule
• Flower: – Small crepe like flowers ranging
from Red to pink to white
• Location:– Non‐native– Found on the Indian continent,
Southeast Asia and Northern Australia
• Chemical:– None
• Uses:– Ornamental– The timber of some species has
been used to manufacture bridges, furniture, and railway sleepers