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Terms
Failure to Thrive (FTT) Low Birth Weight (LBW) Cerebral Palsy (CP) Respiratory Distress
Syndrome (RDS) Cyanosis Bluish color
skin and lips Bronchopulmonary
dysplasia (BPD)
Gastroesophageal reflux (GER)neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)
Pediatric intensive care unit (PICU)
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Some Developmental Disabilities
Cerebral palsy Mental retardation Communication
disorders autism deafness
Chronic childhood neurological disorders
– Seizures– Degenerative CNS – Myopathies (MS)
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Causes of Developmental Disabilities
Congenital– Genetic– Infections– Toxic/metabolic– other
Acquired– Head trauma– Perinatal– Infections– Toxic/metabolic– Other diseases
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High Risk Babies
Born prematurely– 3 or more weeks before the
end of 38 weeks of pregnancy-or who weigh less that 5 ½ lbs (2,500 grams)
– Less than 3 ½ lbs or (1,500 grams(VLBW)
Broad array of problems at birth
– BPD, RDS, cynanosis– Gastrointestinal problems– hernias
VLBW –severe anemia
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IDEA-Individuals with Disabilities Act
Public Law 99-457– 0-3– developmentally delayed– biologically at risk– natural environments
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Illnesses and Medical Conditions with hospitalization
Birth Injuries
Jaundice
Umbilical Hernia
Eye Infections
Ear Infections
Upper Respiratory Infections (URI)
Sepsis
Fractures
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Illnesses and Medical Conditions with hospitalization
Down Syndrome Neural Tube Defects (NTDs) Heart Defects Speech and Language Difficulties Seizures Near Drowning Burns Poisoning Choking
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Components in Service Delivery
Medical Setting The Family/Home Setting The School/Educational Setting
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Technology Assistance
Intravenous Lines (IV) Suctioning Tube feeding Monitors Oxygen Ventilators
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Issues for the Hospitalized Child
Infants Toddlers Preschoolers
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Issues for Infants with Medical Needs
Disruption in normal routines (fussiness and irritability
Immediate response to pain needs and seeks comfort (comfort strategies demonstrated)
Stranger anxiety begins (around 6 months)
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Toddler with Medical Needs
Separation Anxiety Fear of Strangers Immediate response to pain and unfamiliarity Regression in skills (motor, language, Potty
training)
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Preschoolers with Medical Needs
Separation anxiety Anxiety about intrusions and mutilation Anxiety aroused by egocentric thought,
fantasies, magical thinking Fear of punishment aroused by guilt ( child
may feel that he or she is the cause of illness
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The Family
Parents Grandparents Siblings
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Stress
Stress Model
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Stress in Parents
Anxiety about caregiver role
Equipment and other children’s cries
Behavioral changes Appearance and health
of child in NICU/PICU
Spouse/family members’ health
Spending more time with spouse
Financial strain in providing basic needs
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Stressors in Mothers
Child’s diagnosis period Repeated hospitalization Daily management and
child rearing Medical difficulties and
withdrawal episodes
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Stressors in Fathers
Understanding the child’s diagnosis
Child’s pain
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Stressors in Siblings
Feeling lonely Observing stress in
parents Increased
responsibilities Change in residence Feeling ill
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Stressors in Grandparents
Inability to advise parents with caregiving
Lack of information about disability or disease
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Cultural Factors and Caregivers
Differences in Communication Methods
Differences in Meaning of Disability
Differences in Perceptions of Medical and Educational Staff
Traditional Healing Practices
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Traditional Healing Practices
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Traditional Healing Practices
Good? Or Bad?
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Cultural Health Practices
Closely linked to beliefs and family values Folk medicine Spirits Unity of nature Preventive
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Recommendations for Early Childhood Educators
Recognize the need for communication and collaboration of services and professionals that work with the young child
Seek out best communication method for family members and utilize it
Assist in developing parent workshops on stress management, resources and services
Assist child in maintaining normal developmental patterns Be sensitive to cultural and ethical differences in illness,
disability and the family