Terminology of Medical Disciplines To understand disease causes, effects, prevention, and treatment... it is necessary to understand the language!

Terminology of Medical Disciplines

To understand disease causes, effects, prevention, and treatment . . . it is

necessary to understand the language!

The “Ologies” and More

• 1. Anatomy

• the structure of living things

• 1a. Gross Anatomy

• the study of features observed with the naked eye

• 1b. Histology

• the of anatomical features with the assistance of a microscope

The “Ologies” and More

• 2. Physiology

• the activities of living things; how they occur

• 3. Embryology

• the development of the embryo in-utero

The “Ologies” and More

• 4. Microbiology

• study of microscopic organisms

– 4a. Bacteriology

– 4b. Virology

The “Ologies” and More

• 5. Electronmicroscopy

• study of organisms using a electron micro.

• 6. Immunology

• study of immunity and it factors

The “Ologies” and More

• 7. Pathology

• study of disease

• 7a. Gross pathology = unaided eye

• 7b. Histopathology = disease of tissues

• 7c. Pathophysiology = mechanisms of disease production

• 7d. Clinical pathology = disease causes utilizing certain laboratory methods

Important Medical Terminology

Medical Terms

• Disease

• ‘not at ease’; deviation from the norm

• Etiology

• study of the cause of the disease

• Diagnosis

• determine the nature and cause of disease

Medical Terms

• Prognosis

• forecast of “probable” outcome or results of having a disease

• Morbidity

• ratio of sick animals to well (%age)

• Mortality

• death rate (%age)

Medical Terms

• Pathogen• disease causing agent

• Pathogenesis• development of the disease, “process”

• Prophylaxis• prevention of disease

Medical Terms

• Pathognomonic

• an alteration that indicates “without doubt” the cause of a particular disease

• i.e. Negri bodies in the hippocampus

• Lesion

• a morphologic change in tissue caused be a disease process

Medical Terms

• Necropsy

• the examine a dead animal (Post Mortem)

• Symptom

• a clinical sign “evidence” (lameness, swell)

• Acute

• a rapid onset with sever pain

• Chronic

• persisting over a long period of time

Medical Terms

• Idiopathic

• of unknown cause

• Iatrogenic

• disease caused by erroneous treatment

The Body as a Whole

• Cells

• Tissues

• Organs

• Systems

• Organism

General Body Compartments

• Cranial cavity

• Thoracic cavity

• Abdominal cavity (peritoneum)

• Pelvic cavity

The Systems

Digestive Systemconverts substances to simpler ones

• Contains . . .

• Digestive tract

• Salivary glands

• Liver (Hepatic)

• Pancreas

Respiratory Systemprovides oxygen so energy can occur

• Nasal or Oral cavity

• Pharynx

• Trachea

• Bronchi

• Alveoli

Circulatory Systemcarry products of digestion and

respiration all over the body• Heart

• Arteries

• Capillaries

• Veins

• Tissue fluid

• Lymphatic fluid

Excretory Systemremoves waste

• Kidneys

• Ureters

• Bladder

• Urethra

• Lungs

• Skins

Nervous Systemspecialized to coordinate body activity

• CNS– Brain– Spinal cord

• PNS– cranial nerves– spinal nerves

Reproductive Systemresponsible for perpetuation of species

• Pituitary hormones• Gonadal hormones• Sexual parts

• Endocrine System– not a “system”, but works together via hormonal

action from ductless glands to coordinate activities with nervous system

– What is Endocrenology?

Introduction to Terminology of Prefixes and Suffixes

Prefixes and Suffixes

• A, An• Ab• Aero• Ambi• Anero• Angio• Ante• Anti

• Arthro• Auto• Bi• Brady• Broncho• Carcino• Cardio• Cephalo

Prefixes and Suffixes

• Cide• Cutaneous• Cryo• Crypto• Cyte• Derm• Dys• Ecto

• Emia• Encephalo• Endo• Entero• Epi• Galacto• Gastro• Glyco

Prefixes and Suffixes

• Hema• Hepato• Hetero• Histo• Homo• Hyper• Hydro• Hypo

• Inter• Intra• In-utero• In-vitro• In-vivo• Iso• Itis• Leuco

Prefixes and Suffixes

• Lysis• Macro• Mal• Mania• Mast• Metri• Micro• Myco

• Myo• Necro• Neo• Nephro• Neuro• Non• Ology• Oma

Prefixes and Suffixes

• Opthalmo• Os• Oscopy• Osis• Osteo• Otomy• Paresis• Partum

• Pathy• Per os• Peri• Phage• Phobia• Pnea• Pneumo• Poly

Prefixes and Suffixes

• Post• Pre• Pulmo• Pyelo• Pyo=purulent• Renal• Rhino• Septic

• Sero• Stasis• Stoma• Sub• Thermo• Tox• Tracheo• Uni

Prefixes and Suffixes

• Uria• Vaso• Verm

• On to vet school . . .