TERM PAPER on GENERATOR by Ibrahim & Rifath_ICT_3rd Batch_1st Semester_2011

Department of Information and communication Technology

Comilla University

Term paper on

Generator

Submitted To: Khondokar Fida Hasan Email:[email protected] Lecturer Dept. of ICT Comilla University, Comilla

Submitted by:

Sl.no. Name ID Contact

1Md. Ibrahim Talukdar 1009005 01925470243

2Rifath Chowdhury 1109047 01673917182

Date of submission: 25.04.2012

1

Acknowledgement

The new dimension of skill has added our brain through making the term paper

on ”GENERATOR”. We had no experience of making term paper. We could not

understand how should make it. But in the appropriate time we find the skillful

guider named ‘Khondokar Fida Hasan’ who guide the proper information to make

the term paper named ”GENERATOR”

2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Introduction ……………………………………………..

2. Literature review………………………………………..

3. Methodology……………………………………………

4. Result………………………………………………….

5. Discussion………………………………………………

6. Conclusion………………………………………………

7. Bibliography……………………………………………..

8. Appendix………………………………………………..

3

INTRODUCTION

A generator is a machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy by

using the principle of magnetic induction. This principle is explained as follows:

Whenever a conductor is moved within a magnetic field in such a way that the

conductor cuts across magnetic lines of flux, voltage is generated in the conductor.

Electrical energy from the wind is a fast-growing area worldwide. Various

wind turbine and generator topologies have been developed to maximize

the energy conversion efficiency, the system reliability and minimize the

cost. A challenge with wind turbines is to convert a relatively low and variable

input - the wind impinging on the rotor - into a much faster and steady alternating

current output suitable for grid connection [1]. This challenge becomes

more and more pronounced with the rapid increase in wind turbine

power ratings. This paper reviews some of the more popular wind turbine

generator concepts and the available commercial products, with the focus

on the generator design and the impact of the generator topology on the overall

wind turbine system. After summarizing current trends and challenges in the

MW size machines, a new wind turbine concept, which avoids the gearbox

and power electronic converters, is proposed to improve the system's

overall efficiency, the reliability, the nacelle weight and possibly the system's

overall cost.

4

CLASSIFICATION OF GENERATORS

Self-excited generators are classed according to the type of field connection they

use. There are three general types of field connections — SERIES-WOUND,

SHUNT-WOUND (parallel), and COMPOUND-WOUND. Compound-wound

generators are further classified as cumulative-compound and differential-

compound. These last two classifications are not discussed in this chapter.

Series-Wound Generator

In the series-wound generator the field windings are connected in series with the

armature. Current that flows in the armature flows through the external circuit and

through the field.

A series-wound generator uses very low resistance field coils, which consist of a

few turns of large diameter wire.

The voltage output increases as the load circuit starts drawing more current. Under

low-load current conditions, the current that flows in the load and through the

generator is small. Since small current means that a small magnetic field is set up

by the field poles, only a small voltage is induced in the armature. If the resistance

of the load decreases, the load current increases. Under this condition, more current

flows through the field. This increases the magnetic field and increases the output

voltage. A series-wound dc generator has the characteristic that the output voltage

varies with load current. This is undesirable in most applications. For this reason,

this type of generator is rarely used in everyday practice.

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Shunt-Wound Generators

In a shunt-wound generator, like the one shown in figure 1-16, the field coils

consist of manyturns of small wire. They are connected in parallel with the load. In

other words, they are connected across the output voltage of the armature.

The series-wound generator has provided an easy method to introduce you to the

subject of self- excited generators. Current in the field windings of a shunt-wound

generator is independent of the load current (currents in parallel branches are

independent of each other). Since field current, and therefore field strength, is not

affected by load current, the output voltage remains more nearly constant than does

the output voltage of the series-wound generator.

In actual use, the output voltage in a dc shunt-wound generator varies inversely as

load current

varies. The output voltage decreases as load current increases because the voltage

drop across the

armature resistance increases (E = IR).

In a series-wound generator, output voltage varies directly with load current. In the

shunt-wound

generator, output voltage varies inversely with load current. A combination of the

two types can

overcome the disadvantages of both. This combination of windings is called the

compound-wound dc

generator.

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Compound-Wound Generators

Compound-wound generators have a series-field winding in addition to a shunt-

field winding, as

shown in figure 1-17. The shunt and series windings are wound on the same pole

pieces.

In the compound-wound generator when load current increases, the armature

voltage decreases just as in the shunt-wound generator. This causes the voltage

applied to the shunt-field winding to decrease, which results in a decrease in the

magnetic field. This same increase in load current, since it flows through the series

winding, causes an increase in the magnetic field produced by that winding.

By proportioning the two fields so that the decrease in the shunt field is just

compensated by the increase in the series field, the output voltage remains

constant. This is shown in figure 1-18, which shows the voltage characteristics of

the series-, shunt-, and compound-wound generators. As you can see, by

proportioning the effects of the two fields (series and shunt), a compound-wound

generator provides a constant output voltage under varying load conditions. Actual

curves are seldom, if ever, as perfect as shown

Amplidynes are special-purpose dc generators. They supply large dc currents,

precisely controlled, to the large dc motors used to drive heavy physical loads,

such as gun turrets and missile launchers.

The amplidyne is really a motor AMPLIDYNES and a generator. It consists of a

constant-speed ac motor (the prime mover) mechanically coupled to a dc

generator, which is wired to function as a high-gain amplifier (an amplifier is a

device in which a small input voltage can control a large current source). For

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instance, in a normal dc generator, a small dc voltage applied to the field windings

is able to control the output of the generator. In a typical generator, a change in

voltage from 0-volt dc to 3-volts dc applied to the field winding may cause the

generator output to vary from 0-volt dc to 300-volts dc. If the 3 volts applied to the

field winding is considered an input, and the 300 volts taken from the brushes is an

output, there is a gain of 100. Gain is expressed as the ratio of output to input:

NOTE: The lower the percent of regulation, the better the generator. In the above

example, the 5% regulation represented a 22-volt change from no load to full load.

A 1% change would represent a change of 4.4 volts, which, of course, would be

better.

VOLTAGE CONTROL

Voltage control is either (1) manual or (2) automatic. In most cases the process

involves changing the resistance of the field circuit. By changing the field circuit

resistance, the field current is controlled. Controlling the field current permits

control of the output voltage. The major difference between the various voltage

control systems is merely the method by which the field circuit resistance and the

current are controlled.

VOLTAGE REGULATION should not be confused with VOLTAGE CONTROL.

As described previously, voltage regulation is an internal action occurring within

the generator whenever the load changes. Voltage control is an imposed action,

usually through an external adjustment, for the purpose of increasing or decreasing

terminal voltage.

8

GENERATOR CONSTRUCTION

A through E, shows the component parts of dc generators. Figure 1-20 shows the

entire generator with the component parts installed. The cutaway drawing helps

you to see the physical relationship of the components to each other.

This type of field rheostat contains tapped resistors with leads to a multiterminal

switch. The arm of the switch may be rotated to make contact with the various

resistor taps. This varies the amount of resistance in the field circuit. Rotating the

arm in the direction of the LOWER arrow (counterclockwise) increases the

resistance and lowers the output voltage. Rotating the arm in the direction of the

RAISE arrow (clockwise) decreases the resistance and increases the output

voltage.

Most field rheostats for generators use resistors of alloy wire. They have a high

specific resistance and a low temperature coefficient. These alloys include copper,

nickel, manganese, and chromium. They are marked under trade names such as

Nichrome, Advance, Manganin, and so forth. Some very large generators use cast-

iron grids in place of rheostats, and motor-operated switching mechanisms to

provide voltage control.

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LITERATURE REVIEW

Upon completion of the topics we will be able to know about”GENERATOR”: 1. State the principle by which generators convert mechanical energy to electrical energy.

2. State the rule to be applied when you determine the direction of induced emf in a coil.

3. State the purpose of slip rings.

4. State the reason why no emf is induced in a rotating coil as it passes through a neutral plane. 5. State what component causes a generator to produce direct current rather than alternatingcurrent.

6. Identify the point at which the brush contact should change from one commutator segment to the

next.

7. State how field strength can be varied in a dc generator.

8. Describe the cause of sparking between brushes and commutator.

9. State what is meant by "armature reaction."

10. State the purpose of interpoles.

11. Explain the effect of motor reaction in a dc generator.

12. Explain the causes of armature losses.

13. List the types of armatures used in dc generators

14. State the three classifications of dc generators.

15. State the term that applies to voltage variation from no-load to full-load conditions and how it is expressed as a percentage.

16. State the term that describes the use of two or more generators to supply a common load.

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METHODOLOGY

The present invention is related to a device of a "structure of generator/motor",

especially refer to a magnetic component with permeable part used as magnetic field in

the structure of generator/motor to decrease magnetic abrasion caused by disordered

magnetic line of force when magnetic field and coil process relative movement or

rotation.

Description of the Prior Art. A conventional motor is rotated by outside

working, that is, transform electric power into mechanic power after power on; whereas

generator takes advantage of the change of magnetic flux to produce sensitive

electromotive, that is, transform mechanic power into electric power, while general

conventional generator/motor is of rotation type, that is, all mechanic power output by

rotation work, or generate electric by the work of rotation; the generator/motor in

current market normally apply Faraday's law or Lenz's law as generating or driven

principle.

General generator/motor a consists of a shell body a1, and a stator a2 which is fixed

around the inner edge of the shell body a1 and combined from a plurality of magnetic

components a21, and a rotator a3 in the center of the shell body. Make uses of the

magnetic field effect formed by the relative movement between the rolling rotator a3

and stator a2 to produce induction electric, and then output by the guide of the carbon

brushes a4 situated above the rotator.

Because of the rotator a3 combined from several pieces of silica-steel a31 and coil

set a32, the rotator a3 itself and stator a2 fixed at the inner wall of shell body a1 induce

magnetic field effect, and result the rotator a3 stuck at the flow direction of the magnetic

line of force, hence, rotator a3 has to resist the magnetic force before rotating, the power

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consuming to overcome the suction force cause extra energy expense, furthermore the

conventional generator a transmit the electric by the contact between carbon brush a4

and rotator a3, the carbon brush a4 after long duration of usage become wear and tear

more or less that cause electric voltage of generator a conflicts lower voltage, unsteady,

and even short life duration, etc.

The magnetic components of the conventional generator/motor makes use of

two round plates with different magnetism (N and S magnetism) to yield the magnetic

field. The two adjacent plates with different magnetism and arranged around the inner

edge of the shell body of the generator/motor yield disorder allocation of magnetic line

of force and cause the phenomenon of "magnetic abrasion", and therefore impair the

magnetic field of generator/motor, then bring the issues of inefficiency.

"How Generators & Regulators Work"

Once you understand the basics of how a battery works and how it is

constructed, we can move on to the generator, which is the second most

important parts of the electrical system. To sound bona fide, I might as well give

you the official job description of the gen- erator. It is "a machine that converts

mechanical energy, supplied by the engine, into electrical energy used for either

recharging the battery or supplying power to the electrical system." While the

description seems a little confusing, if you follow along a little further we will

make sense out of it all. Come on, it'll be better than you think.

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THE WORK SCHEDULE FOR THE GENERATOR FAMILY

When the engine speed is at idle or at low rpm, the generator has

little or no output, and the battery provides all the electrical energy needed for

the electrical system. When vehicle speed reaches about 20 mph or engine rpm

reaches about 1200, the generator will begin to charge. The output will help the

battery with some of the electrical load. (This speed is known as the generator

"cut-in" speed.) At higher engine rpm of about 1800, the generator is capable of

providing all of the electrical current needed to run the accessories, as well as

recharge the battery as needed. Generators will usually provide their maximum

output at about 1800 to 2300 rpm engine speed. Normally the pulley diameter of

a generator is designed so the engine will spin the generator at, or close to, its

ideal rpm, (the rpm at which the generator operates most efficiently.) This rpm

is matched to the rpm at which the engine will spend most of its time.

IN MOST OLDER CAR APPLICATIONS, THE GENERATOR

ARMATURE TURNs ABOUT TWICE FOR EVERY RPM THE

ENGINE TURNS.

When a generator spins at high speeds (above 3500 rpm engine speed)

the output of the generator will actually drop off quite a bit, as the brushes are

lifted off of the arma- ture by centrifugal force. If heavier brush springs were

used (a great idea), it would cause excessive brush wear at the slow speeds.

An interesting note: Did you ever wonder why over the road trucks get

such long Life out of their generator brushes as compared to a car? Here are

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the reasons. One is the constant rpm that make it easy to match the correct

engine to generator speed.

The other factor is called air gap. This is when the brushes lift off of the

commutator just slightly due to the centrifugal force. The brushes will then

experience minimum wear because the brushes are not physically touching the

commutator and the loss in output will be slight. Cars driven in town will wear

out generator brushes at a much faster rate than those that spend their life

traveling up and down the highway. The same principle applies.

WHILE WE ARE ON THE SUBJECT OF BRUSHES...BUICK CARS OF THE

LATE 1940's AND EARLY 1950's HAD AN INTERESTING SAFETY FEATURE.

They had what they called a "brush protected generator." The "field" wire

of the charging system was routed through the ignition system. When the

brushes in the genera- tor got too "short" from wear, the field wire would

"ground out" the ignition and the car would not start. While this was a good idea

in theory, it left a lot of early-day Buick owners stranded without warning (and

very unhappy). The servicemen of the day carried a jumper

wire in the tow truck. If this was the problem (a simple check), they used the

jumper wire to by- pass the generator to ignition circuit. If the car started, they

simply drove it back to the dealership and installed new brushes in the

generator. And the customer was happily on his way.

HOW COME THERE ARE SO MANY DIFFERENT SIZE PULLEYS

USED ON THE SAME STYLE OF GENERATOR?

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As we learned earlier, the pulley size is matched to the rpm at which the

engine will spend most of its time running. In-town delivery trucks had a small

diameter pulley so the armature turned faster at the low engine rpm, increasing

the output at the slow speeds.

MAKING ELECTRICITY

All generators "make" electricity in much the same way. Let's take a look

and see what parts make up a generator and what job each of those parts has

to perform. As I have done before, I will give you the official description of what

a generator does, then explain things in common English.

Generator operation is based on the principle of electromagnetic

induction. This means that voltage is generated when any conductor is moved

at right angles through a magnetic field. When voltage is produced in this

manner, it will cause the current to flow in the conductor if that conductor is a

complete circuit. Whew! Got all that? Now let's ex- plain that in common

sense terms, starting with the internal parts.

ARMATURE - An armature starts out as a bare hardened steel shaft. To

this shaft is added a series or group of non-insulated copper wires wound close

together. They in turn will form what is called a loop. The loops of wire are then

embedded in a series of slots in an iron core.

This iron core is then attached to the armature shaft. This shaft spins and

helps to generate the electrical current. As you might guess, the size of the wire

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and the number of wires in the loop will affect the output of the generator.

COMMUTATOR - The commutator is a series of segments or barsthat are also

attached to the armature shaft at the rear of the armature. It is the wire ends

from the loops of the armature windings in the iron core that are attached to the

commutator. When this is done, a complete circuit is formed.

FIELD COILS - Field coils are the windings or the group of wires that are

Wrapped around the pole magnet. It is the job of the field coils to take the

current drawn to the pole magnet, and make it stronger. (Field coils are the

windings that are attached to the inside of the generator housing.) This in-

creased strength in current will force even more current to be drawn to the pole

magnets, which will continue to build up current.This is how the current

produced by the generator is built up and increased, until it can be used by the

battery and the accessories.sponge. This provides the lubrication between the

shaft and the bushing. They can also be re-oiled from the oiling tube on the

outside of the generator. Some heavy-duty generators will use ball bearings

instead of bushings for the armature shaft to ride . This is done to support a

radiator fan or other accessory.

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BUILDING A WORKING GENERATOR

An assembled generator will look some- thing like this: The electrical rule that

ap- plies to a generator states that "electrical voltage will be generated when

any conduc- tor is moved at right angles through a mag- netic field." To

demonstrate this theory to yourself take a simple horseshoe magnet and stand

it on its side. (It will have a north pole and a south pole, just like in your

generator.) Now take a piece of plain copper wire and move it back and forth

between the poles of the magnet. You will be breaking the mag- netic field,

which will produce a magnetic current inside of your wire. This is exactly what

the armature does to the field coils. When current is produced this way, it will

cause current to flow in the conductor if it is a complete circuit. The armature

with the loops of wire embedded in the slots of an iron core? Didn't the ends go

down and connect to the commutator to form a complete circuit.

First let's look at a simple generator with an armature that has only one turn or

loop of wire and two pole pieces. These pole pieces will always have some

"magnetism" left over from the last job they did.

However, these magnets are week because of the magnetic field between

them. These two magnets are exactly opposite of each other. That is the cause

of the weak current. They will tend to cancel out each other.If we place the

armature between these two magnets and then spin it in a clockwise direction, a

weak voltage will be "generated." Remember, the rule of generators says that

any current generated will flow to the conductor if it is a complete circuit.

17

Because the armature is a complete circuit, the current will flow to the armature

and then to the field coils where the voltage will be increased. The rotating

armature cutting through the current produced by the field coils forces even

more current through the field

coils that makes still more stronger voltage. This is how the voltage generated

by the loops is increased into voltage that can be used by the battery and the

accessories. Now, if we were to add a real armature to our generator with

additional loops of wires imbedded in an iron core and connected to the

commutator, what is going to happen? That's right. Any voltage generator by

any one loop will be added to the voltage developed by any of the other loops.

By having multiple loops, an almost constantsupply of voltage is developed,

finally!As you might guess, the strength of the magnetic field, the number of

conductors on BRUSHES - After the generator develops the current, it is the

brushes that carry the cur- rent to the "field" circuit and the "load" circuit, so the

electricity can be used by the battery and the accessories. This process is

called "commutation." The brushes will ride on the commutator segments of

the armature. Brush holders hold thebrushes in position by way of spring

tension. Most automotive generators will containtwo brushes, one that is

grounded to the frame of the generator, one that will be insulated from the

frame. The insulated brush is the positive brush and is connected to the "A"

terminal of the generator, and to one end of the field coils. The other end ofthe

field coil is connected to the insulated "F" terminal of the generator.

BEARINGS AND BUSHINGS - At either end of a generator you will find a

bushing or a bearing. They have the job of making the armature shaft run true

in the housing between the field coils and pole shoes. Bushings will be made of

copper or brass and are soaked in oil before they are installed. The brass or

copper bushing material is porous and able to absorb the oil like the armature, 18

and the speed at which the armature is turned will affect the output of the

generator. Just like the internal parts of a battery, all of these things are

matched

to the application.

OUR GENERATOR IS CHARGING. WHAT HAPPENS IF WE SPIN THE

ARMATURE REALLY FAST TO PROVIDE A HIGH OUTPUT FOR A HEAVY

ELECTRICAL LOAD?

Right. Things are going to get hot, in part

because of the resistance or electrical

friction and in part due to the mechanical

friction. What will happen to our generator

then? The high heat can melt the "varnish" and damage the insulation used to

hold the loops or conductors in the armature slots. Also, the soldered

connections of the armature coils and the commutator bars will melt from the

heat. When this happens, it is commonly called "throwing the solder" out of the

generator. Besides losing all of the solder, the bars of the commutator separate

from the shaft that holds everything together; in simple terms, everything just

flies apart, and the generator is ruined. To prevent this damage, a current

regulator is necessary. Just as it sounds, a cur- rent regulator limits the amount

of current the generator is allowed to produce for both the electrical demand of

the accessories, and the safe limit of current the generator can pro- duce

without damage to the generator itself. Another source of internal heat that has

to be dealt with is called "iron loss." The iron core of the armature will act as a

large electrical conductor, and will "cut" magnetic. An amp gauge will tell you

the amount of amps passing into or being drawn out of the battery. The volt

meter, on the other hand, will tell you the "pressure" behind the amps.

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CURRENT REGULATION

Besides the voltage being regulated, the current output (amps) of a generator is

also regulated by what is called a current regulator. The current regulator is

built inside of the voltage regulator and works in much the same way as the

voltage regulator. The main difference you will notice is that located on the

inside of the voltage regulator, the current side of the regulator is made up of

wire that is thicker(heavier gauge), and there are less turns or wraps of wire on

the coil. Remember, the current regulator has to carry all of the amps the

generator is producing.

20

If, on the other hand, the generator is turning slowly, the battery is in need of a charge, and all of the accessories are turned on, it will be the current regulator doing the work. This type of circuit where the regula- tor is a part of the field circuit is called an "A" circuit. An "A" circuit is easily identified because the contact points are always located after the field coils. This type of circuit is com- mon to the General Motors family of vehicles.

The voltage regulator and current regulator are units in the external

circuit used to "sense" either high voltage supplied to the electrical system or high current supplied to the external loads...see diagram

at right.

OK, MY SHOP MANUAL SAYS I HAVE A "B" CIRCUIT REGULATOR. HOW IS THAT DIFFERENT FROM AN "A" CIRCUIT REGULATOR?

A "B" circuit regulator works in much the same way that an "A" circuit type regulator does. The only difference is the contact points are located before the field coils instead of after. There is no advantage to either location and they both work equally well.

"B" circuit regulators are common to Ford cars and trucks.

CHECKING REGULATOR OUTPUT

"SO DO YOU CHECK AND ADJUST "A" AND "B" CIRCUIT REGULATORS THE SAME WAY?"

No, they are both checked differently. If you have to adjust the regulator at some point in time, it is best to follow the directions in your shop manual. The secret is to know how the regulator works; then reading those directions will make sense.

This illustration shows the various factors involved in voltage regulation and the manner in which it is done.

Check out the following illustrations. A simplified circuit employing both current and voltage regula- tors is illustrated. The regulator or contact points are located "after" the field coils ("A" circuit). The field current is attached to the insulated brush inside the generator.

21

All you have to do is check the connections at the brushes and the field. If

the generator field coil is connected to the insulated brush at the back of

the generator, you have an "A" circuit.

If the generator field coil lead is connected to either the grounded brush (a

brush that goes to ground) inside of the generator, or is connected to the

inside of the generator frame itself, you have a "B" circuit. From there all

you have to do is follow the directions given in them repair manual.

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RESULT

Electricity Produced by Generators

o A spinning copper coil located between two magnets can create

a steady flow of electrons. Forcing these electrons or electric charges

to move through an external circuit that connects to anything that

needs power produces the energy to make it work. The relation

between magnets and electrons shows how a generator functions. By

passing electrons through electrical wires, conduction of electricity

happens when forced by the magnetic fields produced when

mechanical energy converts into electrical energy.

Gas Powered Generators

o During a power outage, home appliances such as refrigerators,

air-conditioners and furnaces can run on gas-powered electricity.

Home generators provide temporary power by the introduction of

electricity through temporary connections of the appliances to the

generator. If desired, connecting a generator to a home's electrical

system permanently can automatically trigger electricity during

blackouts.

Wind Powered Generators

o The propellers or blades around a rotor turn when the wind blows

against them, producing energy. This energy passes from the rotor to the

main shaft, then spins the generator to create electricity. A tower

approximately 100 feet in height holds the wind turbines to capture most

energy coming from the wind. Wind turbines can produce electricity for a

single building or home as well as distribute electricity through power grids.

23

DISCUSSION

Types of Generators

o Generators come in two types: standby and portable

generators. The standby generators are larger than the portable

ones. By permanently installing or stationing them outside an

establishment such as a building or a home, they provide backup

power in case the main source of electricity switches off during a

power outage. Plug the standby generators into the main electrical

lines to enable automatic sensing of power interruption by the

generator. It should only take a few seconds for the standby

generators to come online. Portable generators, on the other hand,

are ones that are not stationery and smaller in scale. These

generators are transported on top of a rolling cart or a trailer or lifted

by hand. Portable generators provide temporary power for areas such

as camping sites or construction sites. They can provide enough

power for smaller appliances by using gasoline as fuel.

Importance of Generators

o Generators can provide electricity during power interruptions. They

can prevent companies from losing productivity during a power outage. In a

household, generators can prevent food spoilage and enable people to wash

and iron clothes during a power outage.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

http://www.google.com/.

http://www . generator.com/

http://www.introduction generator.com/

http://www.structure generator.com/

http://www.work generator.com/

htttp://www.DC generator.com/

http://www.AC generator.com/

http://www.importance of generator.com/

http://www.history of generator.com/

http://www.wekipedia.com/

Generators Buy in Japan No.1 Generator Trade Company

Fast, Honest & Reliable! Contact Uswww.kinki-truck.co.jp

DataCenter Cloud Computer Servers Workstations Motherboards

w/ Intel® Xeon® Processor E5

familySupermicro.com.tw/NetworkStorageHPC

Manage Microsoft Windows Streamline Windows Administration

and Management. Free 30-day Trialwww.systemtools.com

Cat Generator Sets 7 - 16000kW Electric Power

Gensets. Diesel Or Gas Fueledwww.catelectricpowerinfo.com

25

APPENDIX

1.ACG =alternating current generator

2.DCG=direct current generator

3.EG=engine generator

4.GCG=gas control generator

5.FDG=faraday disk generator

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