INTRODUCTION
Environmentalists stress that Republic Act 9003 calls for the
adoption of the best environmental practices in ecological waste
management and explicitly excludes waste incineration as an
ecological option. These polluting disposal facilities are major
sources of greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere which adds to
global warming. Landfills and open dumps, according to studies,
account for 34 percent of human-related methane emissions to the
atmosphere, a global warming gas that has 23 times more
heat-trapping power than carbon dioxide. These landfills and open
dumps are illegal under RA 9003. Mismanagement of waste has serious
environmental consequences: ground and surface water contamination,
local flooding, air pollution, exposure to toxins, and spread of
disease. Many of the disposal sites contain infectious material,
thus threatening sanitation workers and waste-pickers. Annual waste
generation in the Philippines is expected to grow 40 percent by
2010. Improvements in recycling, collection, and disposal will
become even more critical as garbage production continues to
increase with population growth and economic development. Past
efforts to promote waste segregation at source have minimal impact
despite the presence of Republic Act 9003. Most of these were
barangay, city, and municipal ordinances providing for sanctions
and penalties for non-compliance. Campaigns, seminars, trainings
and other different community activities were implemented with the
help of various private groups or NGOs to pursue the objective of
solving the garbage problem.Most people know that certain types of
waste need to be disposed of in specific ways, in order to keep
from contaminating the environment through improper waste disposal.
Taking old paint to the hazardous facility, keeping recyclables out
of the trash, and various other rules of disposal are all designed
as a form of protection for the world around you. However, not
everyone realizes the major consequences that can come from
disregarding these rules. Everyone slips at one time or another and
disposes of waste in an irresponsible way, but once youre aware of
what improper waste disposal can do and once you realize the scope
of the problem if everyone in the world keeps slipping once or
twice youll probably pay a lot more attention to the issue. Now
days, people are having problem in their environment such as air
pollution, improper waste management and bio-chemicals. Now, here
is a cooperative that seeks to address not only the economic and
social, but also the environmental sustainability, in a living
village model. Cabiao, Nueva Ecija, Philippines is home to the
country's first Ecovillage. However improper waste management
strikes their community. How can Cabiao manage to put a step to
prevent or lessen the risk of improper waste management, moreover
villagers are maintaining the beauty of their environment to
prevent this kind of pollution the villagers should conduct some
plans to solve their problems even the smallest problems. Thus this
research will focus on how Cabiao manage to maintain the
cleanliness of the environment in their community.The problem of
the effective solid waste management is very important now a days
and the solution of this problem is necessary not only to the
safety of human environment but to human health as well. At the
same time, it is necessary to underline that often a little
attention is paid to this problem and the solid waste are often
disposed improperly. What is more, this problem is considered to be
less important than the problem of proper disposal of other types
of waste, such as radioactive. However, the danger and potential
threat of solid waste often remains underestimated.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study is to maintain the cleanliness in Cabiao
and able to get manage the environmental problems. Objectives:1. To
maintain the suitable environment in Cabiao.2. To help the
villagers and environment to protect their natural beauty.3. To
make a recommendation and conclusion, how to solve improper waste
management problems in Cabiao.4. To analyze what are the major and
minor cause of improper waste management in Cabiao.5. To evaluate
the proposal in the operation for maintain the natural environment
and cleancliness in Cabiao.6. To critically assess bulky waste
operations by local authorities, including volumes/types of
materials arising and current disposal/recovery routes.
DISCUSSION
WHAT IS WASTE?Waste means any substance or object which the
holder discards or intends or is required to discard; includes all
items that people no longer have any use for, which they either
intend to get rid of or have already discarded. Additionally,
wastes are such items which people are require to discard, for
example by lay because of their hazardous properties. Many items
can be considered as waste e.g., household rubbish, sewage sludge,
wastes from manufacturing activities, packaging items, discarded
cars, old televisions, garden waste, old paint containers etc. Thus
all our daily activities can give rise to a large variety of
different wastes arising from different sources.WHAT IS
GARBAGE?Garbage is a waste what you have used. You dont need it
anymore, you throw it away. But you throw it in a right way, not
anyhowly. It is something which dont have any value.WHAT IS WASTE
MANAGEMENT?Waste management is how you deal with the garbage after
using it, you either throw it or keep the once that might be
re-used again in a safe place to use it later and you also burn the
ones which are not needed again. Waste management is the process of
treating solid wastes and offers variety of solutions for recycling
items that dont belong to trash. It is abouthow garbage can be used
as a valuable resource.Waste management is something that each and
every household and business owner in the world needs. Waste
management disposes of the products and substances that you have
use in a safe and efficient manner.According to Wikipedia, Waste
management is the generation, prevention, characterization,
monitoring, treatment, handling, reuse and residual disposition of
solid wastes. There are various types of solid waste including
municipal (residential, institutional, commercial), agricultural,
and special (health care, household hazardous wastes, sewage
sludge).
WHAT IS PROPER WASTE DISPOSAL?Proper waste disposal is a removal
of all potentially contaminated objects (e.g., objects soaked with
saliva or blood) and placement in a secure site to preventor
decrease the risk of infection. WHAT IS IMPROPER WASTE
DISPOSAL?Improper waste disposal is the disposal of waste in a way
that has negative consequences for the environment. Examples
include littering, hazardous waste that is dumped into the ground
and not recycling items that should be recycled.FORMS OF WASTE
Biodegradable Biodegradable are materials that decompose through
bacteria, fungi, and other living organisms.. Non-biodegradable
Non-biodegradable are waste materials that do not decompose for so
many years like plastics.
TYPES OF WASTE Municipal Waste (including Household and
Commercial)Municipal waste is generated by households, commercial
activities and other sources whose activities are similar to those
of households and commercial enterprises. It does not include other
waste arising e.g., from mining, industrial or construction and
demolition processes. Municipal waste is made up to residual waste,
bulky waste, secondary materials from separate collection (e.g.,
paper and glass), household hazardous waste, street sweepings and
litter collections. It is made up of materials such as paper,
cardboard, metals, textiles, organics (food and garden waste) and
wood.
Biodegradable Waste
Biodegradable Waste is waste from households and commercial
activities that is capable of undergoing biological decomposition.
Food waste and garden waste, paper and cardboard are all classified
as biodegradable municipal waste. Alternatives to landfill include
composting, mechanical-biological pre-treatment recycling and
incineration (with and without energy recovery).
Agricultural waste
Agricultural waste is composed of organic wastes (animal excreta
in the form of slurries and farmyard manures, spent mushroom
compost, soiled water and silage effluent) and waste such as
plastic, scrap machinery, fencing, pesticides, waste oils and
veterinary medicines.
Recyclable Waste
Recyclables are items and materials bound for the waste stream
that can be converted into a reusable material. Recyclables in
healthcare include the usual suspects found in commercial buildings
such as paper, cardboard, beverage and food containers, metal and
glass.
Liquid Waste
Liquid waste are usually waste waters that contain less that 1
percent solid. Such waste may contain high concentrations of
dissolved salts and metals. Sludge is the class of waste between
liquid and solid. They usually contain between 3-25 percent solid,
while the rest of material is water dissolved materials.
Hazardous waste
Hazardous or harmful wastes are those that potentially threaten
public health or the environment. Such waste could be
inflammable(can easily catch fire),reactive(can easily explode),
corrosive(can easily eat through metal) ortoxic(poisonous to human
and animals). In many countries, it is required by law to involve
the appropriate authority to supervise the disposal of such
hazardous waste. Examples include fire extinguishers, old propane
tanks, pesticides, mercury-containing equipment (e.g, thermostats)
and lamps (e.g. fluorescent bulbs) and batteries. The effect may be
immediate or long term. Toxic waste may be in the form of solid,
liquid and sludge. Examples are lead, and some metals found in
computer and technological items. Examples include asbestos,
used-up engine oils, batteries, solvents, farming chemicals,
cleaning chemicals and parts of refrigerators and computers.
Construction and demolition waste
Construction and demolition waste is made up of two individual
components:constructionwaste anddemolitionwaste. It arises from
activities such as the construction of buildings and civil
infrastructure, total or partial demolition of buildings and civil
infrastructure, road planning and maintenance. In some countries
even materials from land leveling are regarded as construction and
demolition waste.
It is made up of numerous materials including concrete, bricks,
wood, glass, metals, plastic, solvents, asbestos and excavated
soil, many of which can be recycled in one way or another.
WASTE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL METHODS
When most people thing aboutsolid waste management, the final
resting place, typically thelandfill, comes to mind. The very
important and final phase of waste management is systematic
treatment and disposal. Waste treatment can also rightfully be
regarded as a preceding phase of waste disposal as waste treatment
techniques, reducing the volume and toxicity, seeks to transform
all sorts of waste into more convenient form for disposal.
Normally, waste treatment and disposal methods are selected and
used based on form, composition and quantity of waste
materials.
Recycling
Recycling refers to the removal of items from the waste stream
to be used as raw materials in the manufacture of new products.
Thus from this definition recycling occurs in three phases: first
the waste is sorted and recyclables collected, the recyclables are
used to create raw materials. These raw materials are then used in
the production of new products. The sorting of recyclables may be
done at the source (i.e. within the household or office) for
selective collection by the municipality or to be dropped off by
the waste producer at a recycling centre. The pre-sorting at the
source requires public participation which may not be forthcoming
if there are no benefits to be derived. Also a system of selective
collection by the government can be costly. It would require more
frequent circulation of trucks within a neighborhood or the
importation of more vehicles to facilitate the collection. Another
option is to mix the recyclables with the general waste stream for
collection and then sorting and recovery of the recyclable
materials can be performed by the municipality at a suitable site.
The sorting by the municipality has the advantage of eliminating
the dependence on the public and ensuring that the recycling does
occur. The disadvantage however, is that the value of the
recyclable materials is reduced since being mixed in and compacted
with other garbage can have adverse effects on the quality of the
recyclable material.
Composting
Composting is created from the decomposition of landscape and
food wastes. In a finished product, it is a dark, crumbly and
earthy smelling material that appears similar to soil. It is a
biological process in which micro-organisms, mainly fungi and
bacteria, convert degradable organic waste into humus like
substance. This finished product, which looks like soil, is high in
carbon and nitrogen and is an excellent medium for growing
plants.The process of composting ensures the waste that is produced
in the kitchens is not carelessly thrown and left to rot. It
recycles the nutrients and returns them to the soil as nutrients.
Apart from being clean, cheap, and safe, composting can
significantly reduce the amount of disposable garbage.The organic
fertilizer can be used instead of chemical fertilizers and is
better specially when used for vegetables. It increases the soils
ability to hold water and makes the soil easier to cultivate. It
helped the soil retain more of the plant nutrients.Vermi-composting
has become very popular in the last few years. In this method,
worms are added to the compost. These help to break the waste and
the added excreta of the worms makes the compost very rich in
nutrients.To make a compost pit, you have to select a cool, shaded
corner of the garden or the school compound and dig a pit, which
ideally should be 3 feet deep. This depth is convenient for aerobic
composting as the compost has to be turned at regular intervals in
this process. Preferably the pit should be lined with granite or
brick to prevent nitrite pollution of the subsoil water, which is
known to be highly toxic. Each time organic matter is added to the
pit it should be covered with a layer of dried leaves or a thin
layer of soil which allows air to enter the pit thereby preventing
bad odour. At the end of 45 days, the rich pure organic matter is
ready to be used. Composting some benefits: Compost allows the soil
to retain more plant nutrients over a longer period. It supplies
part of the 16 essential elements needed by the plants. It helps
reduce the adverse effects of excessive alkalinity, acidity, or the
excessive use of chemical fertilizer. It makes soil easier to
cultivate. It helps keep the soil cool in summer and warm in
winter. It aids in preventing soil erosion by keeping the soil
covered. It helps in controlling the growth of weeds in the
garden.Using compost on site can save the grounds department money
by reducing their need to buy mulch, fertilizer, and pesticides,
since compost improves soils water retention, aeration, and adds
lost nutrients.
Sanitary Land Filling
In a sanitary landfill, garbage is spread out in thin layers,
compacted and covered with clay or plastic foam. In the modern
landfills the bottom is covered with an impermeable liner, usually
several layers of clay, thick plastic and sand. The liner protects
the ground water from being contaminated due to percolation of
leachate.Leachate from bottom is pumped and sent for treatment.
When landfill is full it is covered with clay, sand, gravel and top
soil to prevent seepage of water. Several wells are drilled near
the landfill site to monitor if any leakage is contaminating ground
water. Methane produced by anaerobic decomposition is collected and
burnt to produce electricity or heat. Sanitary Landfills Site
Selection: Should be above the water table, to minimize interaction
with groundwater. Preferably located in clay or silt. Do not want
to place in a rock quarry, as water can leech through the cracks
inherent in rocks into a water fracture system. Do not want to
locate in sand or gravel pits, as these have high leeching.
Unfortunately, most of Long Island is sand or gravel, and many
landfills are located in gravel pits, after they were no longer
being used. Do not want to locate in a flood plain. Most garbage
tends to be less dense than water, so if the area of the landfill
floods, the garbage will float to the top and wash away
downstream.A large number of adverse impacts may occur from
landfill operations. These impacts can vary: Fatal accidents (e.g.,
scavengers buried under waste piles). Infrastructure damage (e.g.,
damage to access roads by heavy vehicles). Pollution of the local
environment (such as contamination of groundwater and/or aquifers
by leakage and residual soil contamination during landfill usage,
as well as after landfill closure). Off gassing of methane
generated by decaying organic wastes (methane is a greenhouse gas
many times more potent than carbon dioxide, and can itself be a
danger to inhabitants of an area). Harbouring of disease vectors
such as rats and flies, particularly from improperly operated
landfills.The Landfill is the most popularly used method of waste
disposal used today. This process of waste disposal focuses
attention on burying the waste in the land. Landfills are found in
all areas. There is a process used that eliminates the odors and
dangers of waste before it is placed into the ground. While it is
true this is the most popular form of waste disposal it is
certainly far from the only procedure and one that may also bring
with it an assortment of space.This method is becoming less these
days although, thanks to the lack of space available and the strong
presence of methane and other landfill gases, both of which can
cause numerous contamination problems. Many areas are reconsidering
the use of landfills. Incineration/Combustion
Incineration is one of the most common waste treatments. The
term incinerates means to burn something until nothing is left but
ashes. An incinerator is constructed of heavy, well-insulated
materials, so that it does not give off extreme amounts of external
heat. This involves combustion of waste material in the presence of
oxygen. The incineration process converts wastes into ash, flue,
gas, water vapor and carbon dioxide. This thermal treatment method
is commonly used as a means of recovering energy to be used in the
supply of electricity or heating. This method has a number of
advantages such as it quickly reduces waste volume, lessens
transportation costs and decreases harmful greenhouse gas emission
it is a type disposal methodin which municipal solid wastes are
burned at high temperatures so as to convert theminto residue and
gaseous products. The biggest advantage of this type of method is
that it can reduce the volumeof solid waste to 20 to 30 percent of
the original volume,decreases the space they take upand reduce the
stress onlandfills. This process is also known as thermal treatment
where solid waste materials are converted byIncinerators into heat,
gas, steam and ash. Incineration and other high temperature waste
treatment systems are sometimes described as thermal treatment.
Pyrolysis
Pyrolysis is a form of incineration that chemically decomposes
organic materials by heat in the absence of oxygen. Pyrolysis
typically occurs under pressure and at operating temperatures above
430 C (800 F).In practice, it is not possible to achieve a
completely oxygen-free atmosphere. Because some oxygen is present
in any pyrolysis system, a small amount of oxidation occurs. If
volatile or semi-volatile materials are present in the waste,
thermal desorption will also occur.Organic materials are
transformed into gases, small quantities of liquid, and a solid
residue containing carbon and ash. The off-gases may also be
treated in a secondary thermal oxidation unit. Particulate removal
equipment is also required. Several types of pyrolysis units are
available, including the rotary kiln, rotary hearth furnace, and
fluidized bed furnace. These units are similar to incinerators
except that they operate at lower temperatures and with less air
supply.Limitations and Concerns: The technology requires drying of
soil prior to treatment. Limited performance data are available for
systems treating hazardous wastes containing polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins, and other organics. There is concern
that systems that destroy chlorinated organic molecules by heat
have the potential to create products of incomplete combustion,
including dioxins and furans. These compounds are extremely toxic
in the parts per trillion ranges. The molten salt is usually
recycled in the reactor chamber. However, depending on the waste
treated (especially in-organics) and the amount of ash, spent
molten salt may be hazardous and require special care in disposal.
Pyrolysis is not effective in either destroying or physically
separating in organics from the contaminated medium. Volatile
metals may be removed as a result of the higher temperatures
associated with the process, but they are not destroyed.
By-products containing heavy metals may require stabilization
before final disposal. When the off-gases are cooled, liquids
condense, producing an oil/tar residue and contaminated water.
These oils and tars may be hazardous wastes, requiring proper
treatment, storage, and disposal.
CAUSES OF IMPROPER WASTE MANAGEMENTOne of these critical issues
is with regard to the mismanagement of garbage and waste which
causes other types of environmental disasters such as flooding,
erosion, landslides and other dangers on landfills and dumpsites
that include health concerns among the people living nearby.
Unfortunately, one of the highest number of solid waste generated
in the world yet, still has no sustainable and effective waste
disposal facility. What is even more alarming is the fact that the
rate of increase in the amount of garbage or waste produced on a
daily basis significantly increases. Apparently, most landfills and
garbage dumpsites filled up very fast. As such, there is a great
danger that may run out of proper dumpsites and waste facilities
that will ultimately lead to further environmental and human
hazards. Some causes of Improper Waste management: Lack of dumping
sites where to deposit the solid waste. This is because the issue
of waste management is new in the country. It wasn't considered to
be a problem before. Ignorance of the masses about the need to
dispose of these wastes well and how to dispose of them (the
wastes) off. There is lack of enough literacy program on Waste
management which leaves most of the people backward on waste
management. This is because of poor or no sensitization of the
masses by the government and other organizations. Inefficient
collection methods which is mainly due to lack of funds to provide
the necessary machinery. Machinery like the trucks that carry the
waste from the various areas have poor covering systems such that
even the waste goes on leaking on the road while being transported,
and even there are few places with proper garbage containers or at
times the containers are over flooded when there are rain showers.
Poor government attitude towards waste management. From a citizen's
point of view, it is realize that very little money from the
government is directed towards waste management, with most of it
going towards industrialization. This leads to poor purchase of
collecting equipment. Another cause is the poverty. This
undoubtedly leads to masses buying cheap non bio-degradable
containers which are not easy to dispose off, and also substitutes
like paper bags are not easily available to the rural poor areas.
Also the low expense of these solid wastes especially polythene
bags which are very cheap as compared to other containers makes
them very common, which makes their proper disposal very difficult.
Lack of trained manpower/personnel to deal with garbage collecting
machinery and to ensure the proper disposal of the solid waste for
example door to door collectors in most advanced countries. Lack of
recycling facilitates in most parts of the country for instance
most of the polythene bags used are not recycled by the
manufacturing industries. There isno voluntary work. People don't
work together as a community for the betterment of the environment.
Voluntary organizations such as scouts put little emphasis in such
activities.EFFECTS OF IMPROPER WASTE DISPOSAL
Due to the poor management of waste from households, the
following are some of the effects on the population and the
environment; Soil contamination Soil Contamination is a result of
dumping garbage, waste, and other toxins making the land
contaminated or polluted. The source of soil contamination comes
from the human element such as littering, and waste that is washed
ashore from boats, oil rigs, and sewage outlets. Soil contamination
can be seen as a problem at several levels. The contaminants can
end up in plants which are growing in the soil; the groundwater
which interacts with and goes underneath the soil can become
contaminated as a result of soil contamination; animals that eat
the vegetation growing in the soil can absorb contaminants as well.
Similarly, when humans eat plants grown in these soils, they can
absorb contaminants which were present in the soil, and then in the
plants.EFFECTS OF SOIL CONTAMINATION Some of the effects that soil
contamination leaves behind are obvious ones, such as unsightly
piles of garbage, landfills and loss of environments surrounding
new construction. Many of the worst effects are actually less
obvious to the eye. Chemical Effects on Life
One of the biggest threats to the eco-system caused by is
chemical contamination. Plastics, toxins in wastes like anti-freeze
and other chemicals seep into the ground where they remain. Many
modern day chemicals and materials either do not biodegrade or
break down, or if they do, thenbreak down into smaller chemical
particles. These particles poison the ground itself. Plants growing
in the ground, animals that eat the plants and even humans are all
affected by these chemicals. This can lead to the loss of some
types of plant and animal life as well as create long-term health
problems such as cancer in humans. Damaging Effects to the Land
When soil contamination is bad enough, it damages the soil. This
means that plants may fail to grow there, robbing the eco-system of
a food source for animals. Eco-systems may also be upset by
pollution when the soil fails to sustain native plants, but can
still support other vegetation. Invasive weeds that choke off the
remaining sources of native vegetation can spring up in areas that
have been weakened by pollution.
Air pollutionThe open burning of waste causes air pollution or
greenhouse effect, for example burning of rubber and
plastic.Landfill gas (which is produced by the decomposition of
wastes) which can be explosive and may harm people around on it if
it is allowed to accumulate in confined spaces (such as the cellars
of buildings).Methane gas (one of the main components of landfill
gas) is much more effective than carbon dioxide as a greenhouse
gas, leading to climate change that may effect of destruction of
atmosphere of the earth or abnormality of weather condition.Fires
on disposal sites can cause major air pollution, causing illness
like cancer and reducing visibility or may lead in eye irritating
thus making disposal sites dangerously unstable may cause
explosions of cans, and possibly spreading to adjacent
properties.Air pollution across much of the globe is significantly
underestimated because no one is tracking open-fire burning of
trash. The uncontrolled burning of trash is a major source of
pollutants, and its one that should receive more attention.
Quantifying the extent of burning trash may change how policy
makers track emissions, as well as how scientists incorporate air
pollution into computer models used to study the atmosphere. Water
Surface Contamination
Liquid wasted like domestic washings, chemicals, oils, waste
water ponds, manufacturing industries, hospital waste, agricultural
waste, nuclear waste and other resources. Solid wastes thrown in
streets, highways, and waterways can cause pollution when they are
carried off by rainwater run-offs or by flood water to the main
streams or drainage, as they contaminating residues will reach
larger bodies of water.Wastes that end up in water bodies
negatively change the chemical composition of the water.
Technically, this is called water pollution. This will affect
allecosystemsexisting in the water. It can also cause harm to
animals that drink from such polluted water. Toxin release Improper
waste removal of plastics, batteries and electronic waste allows
toxin to be release on the environment. Hazardous chemicals poured
on the ground can be absorbed by plants and eaten by animals. Loss
of resources Improper waste removal prevents resources from being
reused. This means heavier reliance on virgin materials which
require more energy to manufacture. Release of greenhouse
gasesImproperly disposed waste releases greenhouses gases into the
environment. Heat trapping on earth causes abnormality of weather
condition like more storm or typhoon coming per year Eyesore Waste
is not only ugly and waste buildup can devalue the land around it,
which impacts the businesses and tourism around the area. And put
the residents health at stake. Threat to animals and marine
lifeLiquid waste dumped into bodies of water can threaten marine
life and animals who come in contact with the water. When waste
forms a cluster or algal bloom like red tide, the area can
suffocate and contaminate sea bottom habitats such as coral and
fish reducing their numbers. Contamination not only destroys marine
habitat but they also affect human consumption as fish and
shellfish feast off of contaminated areas. Sickness and diseases
There are multiple ways improperwaste removalcan result in the
spread of sickness and diseases. Waste matter carries bacteria and
viruses that are high risk causes of disease like hepatitis, HIV,
tuberculosis and more. Waste can also act as a food source or
breeding ground for pathogens via rats, birds and insects and can
infect larger population.DESEASES CAUSED BY IMPROPER WASTE
DISPOSAL
There are multiple ways that improper disposal can result in the
spread of disease. The first of these is by introducing pathogens
into the environment. This is when bacteria or viruses are
transported in the waste and introduced to new areas. There is a
chance that perhaps a human may be exposed to the waste. More
likely, though, is that another animal, such as a rat or bird, may
be exposed to the pathogen and then return to a larger population
infected. This can create diseased populations that can spread the
disease, possibly to other species. The other way that improper
disposal of some wastes can result in the spread of disease is from
waste acting as a food source or breeding ground for pathogens that
might not have reached such high population otherwise. This creates
a very specific risk when the waste is human biological material or
other bio-waste. Bacteria and viruses are high-risk causes of
disease that are found in some waste. Of particular concern are
viruses that cause hepatitis and HIV and bacteria that cause
tuberculosis. These are more commonly found in medical environments
but may exist in common waste and can grow in bio-waste from any
source.
Harmful Effects of Improper Disposal of Waste
1.Improper ways of disposing of waste can be harmful to the
environment.2.It can cause pollution to the environment.3.Open
burning of rubbish and agricultural wastecan cause haze.4.Smoke
released from factories and motor vehiclescan pollute the
air.5.Chemical substances and other toxic materials released from
factories and agricultural activitiescan pollute the
rivers.6.Improper disposal of wastewill make the environment dirty
and untidy.7.A dirty environment is unhealthy to live in.8.Improper
disposal of waste can cause: air pollution water pollution sickness
and diseases acid rain flash floods
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS FOR SOLID WASTE Waste Reduction: Stop
Throwing Things OutA simple and obvious choice is to cut back on
the amount of waste by using and throwing out less in the first
place. Some states have adopted regulatory strategies to discourage
dependence on landfills. Waste Reduction: Use Less
PackagingPackaging is one of the major sources of waste paper and
plasticsPackaging should be minimal. Its production should be
environmentally clean and it should be made up of materials that
can be reused or recycled repeatedly. Some packaging is purposely
elaborate to make the contents more attractive--cosmetics are
notorious for this. Smart buyers can support the use of
environmentally friendly packaging by purchasing products with
minimal packaging or with packaging made of recycled or recyclable
materials. Recycling: Turning Waste Material into Raw
MaterialRecycling works and it does so in several ways. It reduces
the monetary and environmental costs of landfilling and
incineration. It substitutes used materials for virgin materials,
thereby reducing the demand for natural resources. It conserves
energy. And it creates jobs in the community.
PROBLEM: IMPROPER WASTE DISPOSAL IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF
CABIAO
The primary purpose of this study is to analyze and manage a
plan how to maintain the Cabiaos cleanliness. And able to help the
villagers on how they can prevent or lessen the waste disposal
problems and other types of environmental problems. The improper
management of waste causes serious environmental problems in terms
of air, water and land pollution. This study will be focused on
improper waste disposal in Cabiao and its possible health
effects.
BACKGROUNDCabiaois a first class partially urbanmunicipalityin
theprovinceofNueva Ecija,Philippines. According to the 2010 census,
it has a population of 72,081. Cabiao is located at the
southwestern part of Nueva Ecija being the last town going to
Pampanga. It borders the municipalities of San Isidroin the
province ofNueva Ecija. Cabiao is politically subdivided into
23barangays. Bagong Buhay/Lote Bagong Sikat Bagong Silang
Concepcion/Asyenda Entablado Maligaya (urban)0 Natividad North
(urban) Natividad South (urban) Palasinan (suburban) San
Antonio/Pantalan San Fernando Norte San Fernando Sur (suburban) San
Gregorio (suburban) San Juan North (urban) San Juan South (urban)
San Roque (suburban) San Vicente Santa Rita Sinipit Polilio (Libis)
San Carlos Santa Isabel Santa InesThe Municipality of Cabiao that
unfortunately has a number of important environmental issues which
need to be deal with. One of these issues is with regard to the
mismanagement of garbage and wastes which can causes other types of
environmental disasters such as flooding, erosion, and other
dangers on landfills and dumpsites that include health concerns
among the people living nearby. Unfortunately, Cabiao, still has no
sustainable and effective waste disposal facility. Given the
perennial garbage problems in the Cabiao which harm the
environment, waste management is indeed a necessary step to resolve
and minimize all garbage-related problems in Cabiao.
Improper disposal of waste as pertains in Cabiao is of much
concern for several reasons. Garbage is found littered on streets
and other open spaces in the community. Residents do not take the
pains to dump their garbage into the wrong place. Some of those who
take garbage to plastic bags simply discard on the ground rather
than into the proper way. The study was aimed primarily at
unearthing the underlying factors accounting for the poor waste
management situation within the Cabiao as well as suggesting
practical and reliable solutions, based on the outcome of the study
regarding what was found to be most plausible factors contributing
to the problem. In the longer perspective we need to draw the
attention of concerned authorities to appropriate policies, which
can be implemented and what actions can be taken to achieve safe
and sustainable waste management systems. The ever-increasing
population and rapid urbanization in the region cause the
proliferation of waste. At the same time the complex relationship
between waste generation, sustainable development, sustainable
livelihood and environmental protection calls for an integrated
approach that takes all aspects into consideration. We have since
long passed the stage where waste can only be seen as an
environmental problem, says Mayor Gloria Crespo Congco. There are
economic and social factors as well, that need to be integrated in
the approach to waste management in any modern society. It is our
call to assist Governments in the region to seek long-term
solutions to this matter.The figure below shows the indiscriminate
waste disposal in Cabiao, Nueva Ecija.
Most Kabyawenyos know that certain types of waste need to be
disposed in specific ways, in order to keep from contaminating the
environment through improper waste disposal. But they are still
throwing their garbage along the road side and even in the open
spaces/vacant lot.
The residents of Cabiao are throwing their Garbage on the
Drainage and Irrigations. When garbage are dumped in the drainage
channels and gutters, they block the flow of the sewerage. This may
cause flooding. At the same time, solid wastes also affect soil
drainage which hinders the growing of crops.
Trash burning on the dumpsite in Conception Cabiao Nueva Ecija
may cause Air Pollution that can affect human health. Uncontrolled
damping of solid waste can lead to wastage of land where we find
lots of land being used as damping sites for wastes. These same
pieces of land are later on neglected by the inhabitants of the
area.Furthermore, under the impact of natural factors and in the
result of improper disposal practices, solid waste may have
negative impact on environment and human health causing various
types of health problems. Naturally, this risk decreases if solid
waste is disposed properly since the conditions of its disposal
prevent the waste from emissions of some dangerous gases or other
products as well as from other dangerous reactions that may occur
under the impact of external factors or simply under the impact of
time when solid waste simply start to change or partially decay
causing a profound impact on the surrounding nature and people
living in the area.
CONCLUSIONThus, taking into account all above mentioned, it is
possible to conclude that solid waste need to be disposed properly
in order to minimize its negative impact on human health and
environme0nt.Often, municipal government is considered to be
responsible for the environmental situation in the area and,
especially for the waste disposal problem. Naturally, due to such a
view on the power of municipal government it is often believed that
it can solve the problem of the waste disposal problems
effectively. However, it is not always so and, in actuality, it is
necessary to remember that municipal government is not community
itself, it only governs but it cannot fully control all actions of
local people.In fact, speaking about the possible effectiveness of
municipal government in the solution of the problem of the
household hazardous waste, it is necessary to underline that it can
really undertake steps and establish a larger control over the
household hazardous waste. Nevertheless, the efforts of municipal
government, whatever effective they are, cannot resolve this
problem totally. What is mean here is the fact that, in order to
solve this problem effectively, it is necessary to primarily
eliminate the cause of the problem. In the case of the household
hazardous waste, the cause is the local population or, to put it
more precisely, those people or households that are not responsible
enough to assist to the effective recycling and processing of
wastes. In such a situation, it is necessary to underline that
enforcement may work only to a certain level to the extent that
people simply want to avoid some material punishment for the
household hazardous waste, for instance. However, it will not fully
solve the problem. In this respect, it is possible to recommend the
use of educational programs, involving children and informing them
about the negative consequences of the household hazardous waste as
well as it is necessary to conduct a public campaign against such
waste simply informing people about its dangerous effects. In other
words, it is necessary to make people more conscious of the
consequences of their actions and effects of the household
hazardous waste that will solve this problem more effectively than
any restrictive measures.
Recycling and processing of wastes is really important,
especially nowadays, when the environment pollution is growing
creating a serious threat to human health. It should be pointed out
that landfill expansion traditionally provokes a strong opposition
from the part of the community since it increases the risk of being
affected by the wastes. On the other hand, often there is
practically no other choice but to expand landfills because many
communities grow, industry progresses and the quantity of wastes is
constantly increasing. In such a situation, there are few
alternatives to landfills expansion. This is why the primary task
of the operators of such facilities is to make them really safe to
the health of people living nearbyAlso, it should be said that the
improper disposal of wastes also increases the costs of environment
protection to the local community, while proper disposal of waste
can make the use of funds more effective and improve the ecological
situation. In fact, the ignorance of the problem of improper
disposal of waste leads to the gradual deterioration of the
ecological situation negatively influencing both human health and
environment.Naturally, it is impossible to ignore this problem and,
therefore, it is necessary to develop really effective technologies
and methodology of the disposal of solid waste in order to minimize
their negative effects on health and environment. Otherwise, the
problem will be growing more and more serious to the extent that it
may even lead to an environmental catastrophe if the proper
disposal of waste is ignored.The health effects connected to
improper waste disposal are many and habitants living close to
illegal dumpsites, open burning or illegally dumped waste are
easily affected. Since the groups interviewed in this study were
all very aware of the waste situation in their surroundings and the
risks for several different health effects I conclude the situation
is in immediately need for a plan of action.
This is something really scary because I dont know what would
happen to the Philippines in the future. With simple things like
cleaning up garbage cant be done, what more for bigger things.
RECOMMENDATIONCertain household products become hazardous when
used, stored or disposed off incorrectly. If disposed of with
regular household waste, they end up in landfills where they can
seep into the soil and contaminate the groundwater. Flushing these
types of materials down a toilet or drain can interfere with waste
treatment processes, contaminate the effluent that runs into the
ocean and affect the bio-solids used as fertilizer. Waste left in
the street typically enters storm drains and washes out near water
ways.We do have some sustainable recommended solutions, options
that let us meet our current needs and provide for future
generations as well. Here are some recommendations to lessen the
waste disposal problems in Cabiao, Nueva Ecija. Instead of simply
throwing everything away in trash, get in the habit of recycling
what can be reused or remade. Metal, paper products, certain
plastics, motor oil, electronics, appliances, mattresses, wood,
rubber, glass and other things can all be recycled. In some cases
you have to pay to have it hauled away. Other things people will
gladly remove from your recycling pile on the street. If everything
that could be recycled was recycled across the board, the aggregate
trash amount would be drastically reduced every year. Having a home
garbage disposal reduces landfill waste by pulverizing food waste
and washing it down the drain. The food waste does not become
liquid, but it is altered enough not to ruin sewer pipes. A garbage
disposal is a step in the right direction, but it solves less than
half of the problem. Plenty of waste gets thrown away even with a
disposal. Not only that, but also the materials that can be put
down a garbage disposal would be better used in a compost pile.
Taking all of your organic food scraps including coffee grounds and
eggshells (excluding meat, bones, skin and lard) and throwing it in
layers on compost pile eventually breaks it down and becomes
nutrient-rich fertilizer. You must keep the amounts in proportion
and add grass clippings and other yard debris as well, but when
done right you are helping to complete the cycle of life. This is
one of the best ways to dispose of (food) waste. We suggest that
the Cabiao Local Government Unit should strictly implement the
Ecological Solid Waste Management Act particularly the provision on
segregation at source. Separating the biodegradables from the
non-biodegradables already takes care of 50% of the waste. Further
segregation of recyclables is likely to take care of another 40% or
more, leaving only 10% or less that needs to be managed and lasting
solution found and also train and invest on waste-pickers to
educate them on how to properly handle waste. This will not only
uplift their morale, but will also ensure their health and
safety.
BIBLIOGRAPHY Suid, A. Learn to Recycle! Activities and Patterns
for an Ecology Unit. CA: MondayMorning Books, 1993. Closing the
Loop: Exploring Integrated Waste Management and Resource
Conservation. California Integrated Waste Management Board.
California Integrated Waste Management Board, Sacramento, CA, 2001.
What a Waste! A Teachers Resource for Integrating the Solid Waste
Crisis into the Classroom. Norwalk, CT: Southwest Connecticut
Regional Recycling Operating Committee, 1992. Super Saver
Investigators. Institute for Environmental Education, OH: Chagrin
Falls, 1991. Garbage and Other Pollution. Wylie, TX: Information
Plus, 1993. The Garbage Primer. New York, NY: Lyons & Burford,
1993. The Recyclers Handbook. Berkeley, CA: Earth Works Press,
1990. The Solid Waste Mess: What Should We Do With the Garbage?
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