Term of Reference

CPE695: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT(EIA)

TERMS OF REFERENCE (T.O.R)

NAME:SITI ZULAIKHA BINTI HUSIN (2011872716) MOHD HISYAMUDDIN BIN MOHD AMINUDIN (2011250204) ABDUL SALAM BIN ABDUL MUBIN (2011875596) NOR AMIRUL ASYRAFF BIN AMINUDIN (2011651956) MUHAMMAD SAIFULLAH BIN SAFFIEE (2011233328)

LECTURER:

Term of Reference

1.0 IntroductionThis project entitled “Production of Stearic Acid Plant” at Bukit Raja, Klang, Selangor

(hereinafter referred to as Project). This Project covers a latitude coordinate of 3.0952680000 and longitude of 101.5353630000. the location is surrounded by palm oil plantation and have advantageous position that is bounded by Klang Valley's main highway which are Federal Highway, North Klang Valley Expressway (NKVE) and South Klang Highway. The Selangor State Government has gazette the site as an industrial zone in Klang that allow construction of chemical plant.

The Project would involve the design, supply, construction and installation of stearic acid production plant.

1.1 Statutory RequirementProduction of stearic acid plant is one of the activities subject to EIA and is prescribed

under item 8(a) of Environmental Quality (Prescribed Activities)(Environmental Impact Assessment) Order, 1987 under powers conferred by Section 34A of the Environmental Quality Act, 1974. Hence, to fulfil the above requirement, a Detailed Environment Impact Assessment (DEIA) study is needed to conduct this Project. The report to be submitted and approved by the board of director before any progress can be made.

1.2 Scope of EIAThe scope of EIA of this Project is to assess the environmental impacts of the proposed

project activities and to prepare environmental management plans (EMP) to address the impacts and further to integrate EMP into the project design.

The EIA addresses all aspects of pre-construction, construction, commissioning, and operational stages, as indicated in the guideline document. Since the site is already for chemical production industries, the is no requirement to conduct preliminary EIA under components of hazards to rare, endemic or endangered species, effects on natural habitat, effects on ecology(flora and fauna) and filling impacts.

1.3 Project ProponentSime Darby Plantation Sdn. Bhd is the project proponent for this Project. The contact

details of the appropriate and contact person to whom enquiries regarding EIA should be directed is as below:

Address: Sime Darby Plantation Sdn Bhd Main Block, Level 3, Plantation Tower No.2, Jalan PJU 1A/7 Ara Damansara 47301 Petaling Jaya, SelangorTel: (603) 7848 4000 Fax: (603) 7848 4172 Contact Person: Ir. Radhi Zikrullah B. Rais FaqrullahEmail :[email protected]

2.0 List of Consultants/Study TeamName Qualification Area of Study Experience Declaration Team LeaderMohd Hisyamuddin Bin Mohd Aminudin(Ir.)Tel.No: 017-3874690Email:[email protected]

B. Eng (Hons) Chemical and Process

MSc Chemical Engineering,

PhD (Environmental Engineering)

Chemical Processes and Simulation

Petrochemical Refinery Safety

Member of consultant for Sabah Ammonium and Urea (SAMUR) project under Petronas.

Member of consultant for Pulau Indah Plastics Factory project under Top Glove Sdn. Bhd.

Environmental Team Manager for Ethylene Marine Facilities project under Petronas.

Socioeconomics environment Team managerMuhammad Saifullah B Saffiee (Dr.)Tel.No: 012-9478239Email:[email protected]

B.A.(Economics and Geography),

M.A.(Transport Studies),

PhD(Transport Studies)

General Environmental Management

Sosioeconomics Impact

Advisor for Kg. Baru Economic Plan Development project under Dewan Bandaraya Kuala Lumpur (DBKL).

Member of consultant for Shah Alam Uptown project under Majlis Bandaraya Shah Alam.

Waste Management Team ManagerNor Amirul Asyraff B Aminuddin (Assoc.Prof)Tel.No: 013-7659876Email:[email protected]

B.Sc (Chemical Engineering),

M.Sc (Environmental Pollution Control)

PhD (Waste Management Studies)

Solid Waste Management

Wastewater

Waste Management Team Manager for Centralised Sludge Treatment Facility at Klang project under Indah Water Konsortium.

Member of consultant for Centralised Sewage Treatment Plant under Syarikat Bekalan Air Selangor (SYABAS).

Feasibility Studies Team ManagerSiti Zulaikha Bt Husin (Prof.Datin)Tel.No:011-11110302Email:[email protected]

B.Eng (Chemical and Materials),

M.Sc (Environmental Science)

Water Quality Air Quality Noise &

Vibration

Member of consultant for Pendang Paddy Field Development project under Majlis Perbandaran Pendang.

Team Manager for Sabah Oil Refinery Facility project under Shell.

Geo-technology Team ManagerAbdul Salam B. Abdul Mubin (Tn.Hj.Prof)Tel.No:019-2676542Email:[email protected]

B.Sc (Applied Geology)

M.Tech (Environmental Management)

Geology Ecological

Studies

Team Manager for Bukit Raja Shopping Mall project under Majlis Perbandaran Klang.

Member of consultant for Polytetrafluoroethylene Production Plant project under Petronas.

3.0 Statement of Need It has been established that there is a basic need for the Project to be implemented. This

deduction is based on the Project`s ability to bring many positive and beneficial environmental and socio-economic impacts.

Stearic acid is mainly used in the production of detergents, soaps, and cosmetics such as shampoos and shaving cream products. Stearic acid is used along with castor oil for preparing softeners in textile sizing. Being inexpensively available and chemically benign, stearic acid finds many niche applications. It is used in the manufacture of candles, and as a hardener in candies when mixed with simple sugar and corn syrup. Dietary supplements are used using stearic acid. As can be seen here, stearic acid bring many good things that can benefit mankind.

By having this Project in Malaysia, it will help increase the country earning by fulfilling the stearic acid demand. Besides that, this Project will provide employment opportunities for local people thus increasing their lifestyle. By implementing this Project, it will also introduce new technology in production industry thus bring a good impression about Malaysia to the world.

4.0 Project Description

4.1 Process DescriptionStearic acid is a chemical compound consisting of 18 carbon chain where by a single

bond; the terminal bond is connected to an oxygen atom with a double bond and a hydroxyl group (OH). This chemical is not hazardous to the environment also human and be used in making soap, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, etc.

Emery-based processes are used to produce stearic acid from the vegetable oils. The processes consist of three main processes which are hydrolysis, fractionation, and hydrogenation. Hydrolysis takes place in a pressure splitter column to separate the fatty acids from the vegetable oils. Palm oil is used as raw material. The top products from hydrolysis are mixture of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids meanwhile the bottom product is the sweet water. Sweet water is the mixture of glycerol and water. Then, the mixture of fatty acids will undergo fractionation process in several distillation columns to extract oleic acid. Hydrogenation process requires oleic acid and hydrogen gas to produce stearic acid.

The wastes from this production mostly can be sold as by-products instead of disposing them. Disposing them without treating can cause severe incidents. For example, high concentration of glycerol can react with nitric and sulfuric acid to get an extremely unstable form of nitroglycerin. Thus, to gain additional profits, both sweet water and fatty acids can be treated to get the by-products to be sold to any interested party. The fatty acids will pass through distillation columns to get high purity of palmitic acid and linoleic acid. Sweet water will flow into evaporators to remove water by applying evaporation process. Thus, the water removed will be collected in a reservoir before disposing it to the river.

4.2 Project Options

4.2.1 Options for Waste Treatment System In Stearic Acid PlantThe establishment of stearic acid production facility will help the meet the needs of

stearic acid in the country by reducing the import quantity of stearic acid. By installing the wastewater treatment system it can help to reduce any hazard treats to the environment and human. The main factors that influence the selection is its proven effective, environmentally friendly, cost-effectiveness, operational efficiency and simple design.

4.2.2 Options “Without Project”Options “Without Project” refers to the disposing the wastewater from the stearic acid

production without treating it that can cause negative impacts to the environment and human health.

4.3 Project Schedule

Activity Year  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13Cleaning the base and constructing foundation                          Engineering works and structures                          Mechanical and electrics                          Installation of equipment and machinery                          Operation and maintenance                          Management and closing                          

4.4 Process Flow Diagram

5.0 Project LocationThe selection of site location is a very important part to start-up this Stearic Acid Plant.

There are several criteria should be considered during the site location selection including land availability, geologic and hydrogeology condition, climatologic condition, local environmental condition and ultimate use of site. A studies have been conducted to select the most suitable and strategic site location for the Stearic Acid Plant. After considering those criteria, Bukit Raja Industrial Park have been proposed as the potential site location for the Stearic Acid Plant.

Bukit Raja Industrial Park is an industrial park located in Bandar Bukit Raja, Klang, Selangor and lies on latitude coordinate of 3.0952680000 and longitude of 101.5353630000. The industrial development sits upon freehold land and situated on flat ground. It surrounded by palm oil plantation and have advantageous position that is bounded by Klang Valley's main highway which are Federal Highway, North Klang Valley Expressway (NKVE) and South Klang Highway. The park is also within short driving distance to Bandar Baru Klang, where many amenities can be found.

Furthermore it is in close proximity to factories, housing estates, colleges and university. The nearest neighbourhood is Desa Alam and Cahaya Alam. According to the data from Klang Municipal Council, the industrial park covers about 1000 total hectars and only 40% of level of development. Figure below shows the satellite map of proposed project location.

Figure 1: Satelite map of proposed location

5.1 Description of Existing Environment / Baseline Environmental QualityThis section will discuss the features of the physical, biological and socio-economic

environment relevant to the proposed project and associated infrastructure. A description of the existing environment is required to provide the necessary baseline data for evaluation of the physical, biological and socio-economic impacts and for the formulation of environmental management plan and monitoring programme.

Topographical and Physical Characteristics

The existing topographical and physical characteristics of the proposed Stearic Acid Plant site location will be made from field investigations and secondary sources including the topographical maps from the Lands and Surveys Department, Department of Survey and

Mapping Malaysia, aerial photographs and details from previous studies provided by the Project Proponent and their consultants. The proposed site is located in Bukit Raja Industrial Park and situated on ground flat.

Geology and Soils

The overall project proposal is located on a layer of fine, homogeneous igneous rock coarse-grained acid igneous intrusion. Soil profile is a layer of silt mixed with sand and gravel with varying amounts. Most of topsoil contains fine sand and muddy fine sand mixed with decayed organic matter.

Hydrology and Drainage

A regional hydrology map of the Bukit Raja Industrial Park area is shown in figure 2 below. The existing maps and information combined with satellite imagery and field investigations will be reviewed and analysed to provide a description of the local and regional hydrology condition. From the illustrated maps, it shows there is no existing river neared the proposed project location. However, there is several lakes or dams around the area nearly to the proposed project location. Any discharges from the plant and surface runoff via the surface drain surrounding the area and was channelled into the nearest lakes.

Figure 2: Hydrology map of Bukit Raja Industrial Park

Water Quality

Water quality sampling should be conducted at all the existing lakes and drain near to the proposed project site. From the sampling, an analysis will be performed to identify the quality of water whether it contains contaminant or polluted or not. The sampling of water quality should be conducted in both surface water and ground water.

Air Quality

Air quality should be conducted at three locations which is nearest to the site of the proposed project. The selected locations for the air quality sampling are Bandar Baru Klang, Desa Alam and Cahaya Alam. Due to the proposed project site is located in a relatively isolated area, thus monitoring results should be the parameters are indicate in the range of Malaysian Air Quality Guidelines.

Noise

Noise levels at the project site are dominated by the surf noise. Further inland, the noise levels are mainly determined either by the number of vehicles or the noise emission from stacks. During construction, piling activity is the main noise source which can create an annoyance. Transportation involving heavy vehicles along the coastal road will increase the noise level at the area.

6.0 Potential Environment ImpactThis section will provide the reader the potential impact and correspending migitation measures on the various way it can harm the environment. Most of the potential impact sources from construction phase and operational phase.

6.1 Construction PhaseActivites from coustruction phase mainly give insignificant impact or short term effect to the environment. The impact that may be arose and migitation measure are as stated below:

6.1.1Physical and ChemicalA) Air quality

Emission from the vehicles during the construction phase, fugitive wind blown dust.

B) Noise Noise due to construction and transportation activities during day and night.

C) Water quality Water pollution mainly produce from maintenance of machinery and

equipment, sewage waste and disposal construction.

D) Solid waste Impact of waste generation from construction phase.

E) Land use Impact on land use pattern, road network and environmentally sensitive place. Impact on drainage system and soil erosion Loss of productive soil and impact on natural drainage pattern. Impact of construction activity on the fertility status of the soil. Increase the traffic congestion due to the movement of vehicles in and out from

the construction area.

6.1.2 Socio-economic

A) Occupational Health and Safety Any incident that arise from the construction area.

6.2 Operation PhaseThe impact from the operational phase are typically significant and naturally govern in long term. However, with proper maintenance and operation procedures in place, the generated impacts can be controlled and minimized

Possible activities which are able to cause negative impacts to environment if not properly controlled or monitored are:

A) Splitting process of palm oil at splitting column

- Leakage of by product such as glycerine and contaminated water at the bottom of column

B) Glycerine treatment at evaporators after splitting process

- Odour generation

- Noise generation

C) Contaminated water treatment at evaporators after splitting process

- Odour generation

- Noise generation

D) Fatty acid moist reduction process at evaporator before distillation process

- Contaminated steam

- Noise generation

- Odour generation

E) Contaminated water due to affluent, wash water and cooling water discharge, and seepage from storage and waste tanks

- Poor effluent quality will affect the receiving water quality (Sungai Klang)

F) Discharge of effluent with high temperature

- Effluent with temperature that higher than recipient water bodies will generate thermal pollution to the receiving water quality (Sungai Klang)

G) Hydrogenation process of Oleic acid at hydrogenation reactor during final stage of production

- Potential hydrogen gas emission into atmosphere during the hydrogenation process

H) Soil, surface water and/or groundwater contamination

- Inappropriate disposal of solid wastes resulting from plant process such as unrecyclable by-product and effluent will affect the soil and groundwater

I) Changes in local traffic

- Heavy truck and cargos circulation potentially will cause traffic jam

J) Waste management activities

- Inappropriate management in activities such as waste transfer, handling and storage potentially to cause dangers to workers and workplace.

K) Operational failure and abnormal conditions

- Explosion and fire

- Odour generation

- Noise pollution

- Poor effluent quality will affect the receiving water quality

L) Socio economic

- Local people felt unsafe and danger for the movement of heavy vehicles (truck) to the plant.

- Migrant of foreign workers to the plant would be a social threat to the local population.

- Perception of air quality, pollution and water pollution will cause health problems to them.

The positive impact from the operational phase however are:

M) Job opportunities to local residents and UITM Shah Alam graduates

N) Business opportunities to locals

O) Answering the RMK-10 and along with that it will provide potential further Malaysia’s economy growth.

P) Thrusting Malaysia forward as Stearic Acid supplier along with the identity as a country that implementing Clean Production (CP)

7.0 Mitigation Measure:

7.1 Construction Phase:1. All temporary raod should be paved with gravel.2. Cover the soil stockpiles to reduce the dust.3. Preserve the existing tree and vegetation as the site boundaries.4. Construction phase should be limited from 7.00 a.m to 10.00 p.m.5. Every equipment and machinery are attached with noise absorber.6. Any grease and oil from the maintenace must not be thrown into the grove and any

spillage should be cleaned immediately.7. Water conservation within the building.8. Rainwater harvesting to recharge the ground water.9. Adequate measures to be adopted for water conservation during construction.10. All acces road bust be wetted to minimize the dust spread.

11. Management and disposal of temporary stuructures made during construction phase need to be adressed.

12. Temporary waste storage for chemical and biomedical waste.13. Improve road network infrastructure to handle the increase in traffic.14. Top soil conservation plan and its re-utilization depending on its quality.15. The project will be managed according to Occupational Health and Safety

Regulation (OSHA) in order to reduce the likehood of accidents and work related illness on the job as well as accidents occuring between construction-related equipment and slocal vehicles.

7.2 Operation Phase:

1. Plant will be operated at optimum efficiency to avoid nuisance odour generation2. Adequate buffer zone and proper landscape to be provided3. Effluent quality will be monitored regularly to ensure that discharge effluent comply to the

DOE regulation guideline for standard B4. Acoustic treatment by enclose of equipment by enclosure of equipment or soundproofing

building that hold loud equipment.5. High temperature effluent will be cooled before discharge6. Area for storing and handling of raw materials and products should be waterproofed and

have a drainage system so that any spill and wash water can be directed to treatment 7. Provide cover to all tanks which has the potential to generate odorous gas8. Due to nature of hydrogen gas, possible treatment method such as flare will be

implemented9. Hydrogenation reactor will operate at optimum efficient and usage of better catalyst such

as Palladium (Pd) will be implemented.10. Form a special committee to identify any raised issues from local resident and at the same

time the committee will as recruiter to recruit local people working at the plant.11. Accessibility and road system conditions must be assessed during feasibility syudies,

selecting the best routes to reduce impact and risk of accidents.12. Adequate Emergency Respond Plan (ERP) in case of any accident happen.13. Adequate personnel protective equipment (PPE) will be provided to all staff working at the

plant.14. All operation staff will have to adhere to the Eco-Rangers Standard Operation Procedure

(SOP) and safety manual when performing operational and maintenance works.

8.0 ConclusionThe proposed of Production of Stearic Acid Plant in Kawasan Perindustrian Bukit Raja,

Klang, Selangor is really needed as the expectation of increasing demand of Stearic Acid in Asia especially Malaysia. This is due to versatility of Stearic Acid as raw material that essentially to be used in any production sector such as pharmacy, lubricant, cosmetic, food and beverage and many more.

The development of this plant itself will comply to the demand in Malaysia parallel with the fast growing industrial sectors in this country. This plant development answering the RMK-10 and along with that it will provide potential further Malaysia’s economy growth. Apart from that, that plant will open the job opportunities to local residents and UITM Shah Alam graduates.

From the assessment of the impacts pertaining to the project implementation and the mitigating measure of each impact, it can be concluded that the development of the plant will not impose any adverse long term impact to environment. If fact, this development will thrusting Malaysia forward as Stearic Acid supplier along with the identity as a country that implementing Clean Production (CP).